Kim YS, Min KS, Lee SI, Shin SJ, Shin KS, Kim EC. Effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression and regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in human dental pulp cells.
J Endod 2010;
36:64-9. [PMID:
20003937 DOI:
10.1016/j.joen.2009.09.022]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Although the expression of human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in odontoblasts from human dental pulp (HDP) has been reported, the production of hBD-2 and its regulation remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cytokines on the induction of hBD-2 and its signaling mechanisms in HDP cells.
METHODS
After stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of these cytokines on the production of hBD-2.
RESULTS
TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha synergistically increased hBD-2 messenger RNA levels, protein expression, and activity. The up-regulation of hBD-2 by cytokines was attenuated by pretreatment with inhibitors of PKC, JNK, p38, ERK MAPK, nuclear factor-kappaB, and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha up-regulate HBD-2 expression in HDP cells through the PKC, JNK MAPK, p38, ERK, NF-kappaB, and AMPK pathways. Thus, the induction of hBD-2 by proinflammatory cytokines might up-regulate the pulpal host immune defense system.
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