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KÜÇÜKKAYA EREN S, BAHADOR ZIRH E, ZIRH S, SHARAFI P, ZEYBEK ND. Combined effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 and mineral trioxide aggregate on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220086. [PMID: 36102412 PMCID: PMC9469872 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioactive molecules present the potential to be used along with biomaterials in vital pulp therapy and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the combined use of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODOLOGY For the proliferation analysis, DPSCs were incubated with a growth medium and treated with MTA and/or BMP-7 at different concentrations. For the following analyses, DPSCs were incubated with a differentiation medium and treated with MTA and/or BMP-7. Moreover, there were groups in which DPSCs were incubated with the growth medium (control), the differentiation medium, or DMEM/F12 containing fetal bovine serum, and not treated with MTA or BMP-7. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the WST-1 assay. The odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red staining, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell migration was evaluated using a wound-healing assay. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey test (p=0.05). RESULTS The use of BMP-7 with MTA presented no significant effect on cell proliferation in comparison with the treatment with MTA alone (p>0.05), but showed higher ALP activity, increased mineralization, and higher expression of DMP1 and DSPP when compared with other groups (p<0.05). Nestin expression was higher in the control group than in groups treated with MTA and/or BMP-7 (p<0.05). The cell migration rate increased after treatment with MTA when compared with other groups in all periods of time (p<0.05). At 72 hours, the wound area was smaller in groups treated with MTA and/or BMP-7 than in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of BMP-7 with MTA increased odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation without adversely affecting proliferation and migration of DPSCs. The use of BMP-7 with MTA may improve treatment outcomes by increasing repair and regeneration capacity of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen KÜÇÜKKAYA EREN
- Hacettepe UniversityFaculty of DentistryDepartment of EndodonticsAnkaraTurkeyHacettepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elham BAHADOR ZIRH
- TOBB University of Economics and TechnologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyAnkaraTurkeyTOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Selim ZIRH
- Erzincan Binali Yıldırım UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyErzincanTurkeyErzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Parisa SHARAFI
- TOBB University of Economics and TechnologyFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Medical Biology and GeneticsAnkaraTurkeyTOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Naciye Dilara ZEYBEK
- Hacettepe UniversityFaculty of MedicineDepartment of Histology and EmbryologyAnkaraTurkeyHacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ren K, Gong H, Ma Z, Tian L, Ye W, Lv X, Wu C. Structure and activity of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody without galactose-α-1,3-galactose residues. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:637-645. [PMID: 34725841 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which has been considered as one of the key targets for cancer therapy. However, currently approved therapeutic anti-EGFR antibody may cause the hypersensitivity reaction induced by galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) structure, which is inevitable in insect cell expression system. In this study, the Chinese hamster ovary cell line was used to produce a monoclonal antibody containing simplified glycosylation patterns (code: AB01). And cetuximab was used as a control. The two antibodies were highly similar in molecular weight, secondary structure, binding affinity and endocytosis behavior, whereas the glycotypes are extremely distinct. The flow cytometry assay suggested that AB01 induced cell cycle arrest in G1, thus inhibit cell proliferation. Moreover, both cetuximab and AB01 showed similar sensitivity for all tested cell lines in this research. In conclusion, AB01 could be a potential anti-EGFR drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyun Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,The experimental laboratory, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Gong
- The Innovative Drug R & D Center of Wuhan Junke-Optical Valley, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- The Innovative Drug R & D Center of Wuhan Junke-Optical Valley, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lvming Tian
- The Innovative Drug R & D Center of Wuhan Junke-Optical Valley, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Ye
- The Innovative Drug R & D Center of Wuhan Junke-Optical Valley, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingkai Lv
- The Innovative Drug R & D Center of Wuhan Junke-Optical Valley, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chutse Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,The experimental laboratory, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Abdel Moniem EM, El-Batran MM, Halawa AM, Gomaa DH, Eldeen GN, Aly RM. Optimizing a serum-free/xeno-free culture medium for culturing and promoting the proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:15. [PMID: 31304181 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) hold great promise for utilization in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Routinely, culture media used for culturing stem cells are supplemented with animal serum for promoting growth and successful maintenance of stem cells. However, there is a growing demand for optimizing a well-defined culture media that could safely increase the efficacy and reproducibility of the cultured cells. In this study, we aimed at optimizing a serum-free/xeno-free culture medium. Methods A cocktail of various supplements intended to enrich DPSCs proliferation in defined concentrations was designed. It consisted of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF), insulin transferrin selenium (ITS), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), Beta mercaptoethanol and cholesterol. The effect of this optimized media on the proliferation of DPSCs was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis (FACS) of early apoptotic marker annexin V. Expression of stemness-related genes (OCT4, SOX and NANOG) was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results Proliferation results by MTT illustrated a significant increase in the proliferation rate of DPSCs cultured in the proposed media. FACS analysis of annexin V expression was nil. Expression of OCT4, SOX and NANOG genes was also up-regulated. Conclusions The proposed combination of supplements utilized in the proposed culture media successfully increased the proliferation potential of DPSCs in addition to enhancing the stemness properties. Thus, it can be considered a promising and safe substitute to traditional animal derived supplements like fetal bovine serum (FBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Mohamed Abdel Moniem
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Mahmoud El-Batran
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Halawa
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Hazem Gomaa
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Nour Eldeen
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Enzymology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham Mohamed Aly
- Department of Basic Dental Science, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.,Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Peng Y, Bishop KS, Ferguson LR, Quek SY. Screening of Cytotoxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Feijoa Extracts Using Genetically Modified Cell Models Targeting TLR2, TLR4 and NOD2 Pathways, and the Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091188. [PMID: 30200338 PMCID: PMC6164462 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feijoa has been increasingly studied in the recent decade, while investigations into its bioactivities including anti-inflammatory activity are lacking. In this article, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties of feijoa extracts, from flesh, peel and whole fruit, from four cultivars namely APOLLO, UNIQUE, OPAL STAR and WIKI TU are presented. Three inflammatory pathways, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), were investigated using genetically modified cell models namely HEK-Blue™ hTLR2, HEK-Blue™ hTLR4, NOD2-WT and NOD2-G908R. Results show that feijoa peel extract induced higher cytotoxicity than flesh and whole fruit extracts, and the APOLLO cultivar was the most anti-inflammatory among the four tested cultivars. The anti-inflammatory activity of feijoa flesh was detected only through the TLR2 pathway, and the activity of feijoa peel and whole fruit was evident mainly through the TLR2 and NOD2 pathways. Most notably, feijoa anti-inflammatory activity was superior to ibuprofen particularly through the TLR2 pathway, with significantly lower secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase IC50 concentrations (7.88, 12.81, 30.84 and 442.90 μg/mL for APOLLO flesh, peel, whole fruit extract and ibuprofen respectively). These findings indicate that feijoa has great potential to be used in the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Peng
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Karen Suzanne Bishop
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Lynnette Robin Ferguson
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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Amorphous Silica Particles Relevant in Food Industry Influence Cellular Growth and Associated Signaling Pathways in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7010018. [PMID: 28336852 PMCID: PMC5295208 DOI: 10.3390/nano7010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured silica particles are commonly used in biomedical and biotechnical fields, as well as, in cosmetics and food industry. Thus, their environmental and health impacts are of great interest and effects after oral uptake are only rarely investigated. In the present study, the toxicological effects of commercially available nano-scaled silica with a nominal primary diameter of 12 nm were investigated on the human gastric carcinoma cell line GXF251L. Besides the analysis of cytotoxic and proliferative effects and the comparison with effects of particles with a nominal primary diameter of 200 nm, emphasis was also given to their influence on the cellular epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways—both of them deeply involved in the regulation of cellular processes like cell cycle progression, differentiation or proliferation. The investigated silica nanoparticles (NPs) were found to stimulate cell proliferation as measured by microscopy and the sulforhodamine B assay. In accordance, the nuclear level of the proliferation marker Ki-67 was enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. At high particle concentrations also necrosis was induced. Finally, silica NPs affected the EGFR and MAPK pathways at various levels dependent on concentration and time. However, classical activation of the EGFR, to be reflected by enhanced levels of phosphorylation, could be excluded as major trigger of the proliferative stimulus. After 45 min of incubation the level of phosphorylated EGFR did not increase, whereas enhanced levels of total EGFR protein were observed. These results indicate interference with the complex homeostasis of the EGFR protein, whereby up to 24 h no impact on the transcription level was detected. In addition, downstream on the level of the MAP kinases ERK1/2 short term incubation appeared to affect total protein levels without clear increase in phosphorylation. Depending on the concentration range, enhanced levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation were only observed after 24 h of incubation. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the potential of the tested silica particles to enhance the growth of gastric carcinoma cells. Although interference with the EGFR/MAPK cascade is observed, additional mechanisms are likely to be involved in the onset of the proliferative stimulus.
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Santana BP, Nedel F, Perelló Ferrúa C, Marques e Silva R, da Silva AF, Demarco FF, Lenin Villarreal Carreño N. Comparing different methods to fix and to dehydrate cells on alginate hydrogel scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:553-61. [PMID: 25871651 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is commonly used in the analysis of scaffolds morphology, as well as cell attachment, morphology and spreading on to the scaffolds. However, so far a specific methodology to prepare the alginate hydrogel (AH) scaffolds for SEM analysis has not been evaluated. This study compared different methods to fix/dehydrate cells in AH scaffolds for SEM analysis. AH scaffolds were prepared and seeded with NIH/3T3 cell line; fixed with glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, or the freeze drying method and analyzed by SEM. Results demonstrated that the freeze dried method interferes less with cell morphology and density, and preserves the scaffolds structure. The fixation with glutaraldehyde did not affect cells morphology and density; however, the scaffolds morphology was affected in some level. The fixation with osmium tetroxide interfered in the natural structure of cells and scaffold. In conclusion the freeze drying and glutaraldehyde are suitable methods for cell fixation in AH scaffold for SEM, although scaffolds structure seems to be affected by glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Palma Santana
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Perelló Ferrúa
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Fernandes da Silva
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Conde CM, Demarco FF, Casagrande L, Alcazar JC, Nör JE, Tarquinio SBC. Influence of poly-L-lactic acid scaffold's pore size on the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Braz Dent J 2015; 26:93-8. [PMID: 25831096 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201300032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA)-based scaffold's pore size on the proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The scaffolds were prepared in pulp chambers of 1-mm-thick tooth slices from third molars using salt crystals (150-250 µm or 251-450 µm) as porogen. DPSC (1x105 cells) were seeded in the scaffolds with different pore sizes, and cultured in 24-well plates. The cell proliferation was evaluated using the WST-1 assay after 3-21 days. Furthermore, RT-PCR was used to assess the differentiation of the DPSCs into odontoblasts, using markers of odontoblastic differentiation (DSPP, DSP-1 and MEPE). RNA from human odontoblasts was used as control. Cell proliferation rate was similar in both scaffolds except at the 14th day period, in which the cells seeded in the scaffolds with larger pores showed higher proliferation (p<0.05). After 21 days DPSCs seeded in both evaluated scaffolds were able of expressing odontoblastic markers DMP-1, DSPP and MEPE. In summary, both scaffolds tested in this study allowed the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs into odontoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Muniz Conde
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Casagrande
- Department of Oral Surgery and Orthopedics, Dental School, UFRGS - Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Alcazar
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, UFPel - Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jacques Eduardo Nör
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, Dental School, UMICH - University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Preparation, modification, and characterization of alginate hydrogel with nano-/microfibers: a new perspective for tissue engineering. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:307602. [PMID: 23862142 PMCID: PMC3687604 DOI: 10.1155/2013/307602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to develop an alginate hydrogel (AH) modified with nano-/microfibers of titanium dioxide (nfTD) and hydroxyapatite (nfHY) and evaluated its biological and chemical properties. Nano-/microfibers of nfTD and nfHY were combined with AH, and its chemical properties were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis, and the cytocompatibility by the WST-1 assay. The results demonstrate that the association of nfTD and nfHY nano-/microfibers to AH did not modified the chemical characteristics of the scaffold and that the association was not cytotoxic. In the first 3 h of culture with NIH/3T3 cells nfHY AH scaffolds showed a slight increase in cell viability when compared to AH alone or associated with nfTD. However, an increase in cell viability was observed in 24 h when nfTD was associated with AH scaffold. In conclusion our study demonstrates that the combination of nfHY and nfTD nano-/microfibers in AH scaffold maintains the chemical characteristics of alginate and that this association is cytocompatible. Additionally the combination of nfHY with AH favored cell viability in a short term, and the addition of nfTD increased cell viability in a long term.
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A study on adsorption of metals by activated carbon in a large-scale (municipal) process of surface water purification. OPEN CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-013-0209-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractElements that enter the aquatic environment may pose a health risk to wildlife and humans. The aims of this study were: to determine how the introduction of activated carbon for a water purification system will improve the quality of the water produced; and to investigate the sorption of metals on activated carbons, including determination of the accumulation, as well as changes in concentrations of elements in carbons. The tests were carried out on three types of activated carbons with different granular structure. All samples were collected from Water Treatment Plant Goczalkowice, Poland. Concentrations of elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The experiment showed that metals accumulating in the activated carbons during the operation included: Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In each of the three types of carbons, it can distinguish such elements as Ba, Al, Cr, Ni, Ti, which are characterized by irregular accumulation during the operation of the filter. The introduction of carbon sorbent for water treatment largely contributed to improvement in the quality of raw material supplied to customers, mainly with regard to taste and smell, as well as to reduction of basic parameters: color, absorbance in the UV range and oxidability.
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Fediuk DJ, Wang T, Chen Y, Parkinson FE, Namaka MP, Simons KJ, Burczynski FJ, Gu X. Metabolic disposition of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone following intravenous and skin administration in rats. Int J Toxicol 2013; 31:467-76. [PMID: 23064701 DOI: 10.1177/1091581812459893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone have shown a synergistic percutaneous enhancement when applied concurrently. Both compounds are extensively metabolized in vivo into a series of potentially toxic metabolites: 2 metabolites of DEET, N,N-diethyl-m-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) and N-ethyl-m-toluamide (ET), and 3 metabolites of oxybenzone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DMB), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB). In this study, the metabolites were extensively distributed following intravenous and topical skin administration of DEET and oxybenzone in rats. Combined application enhanced the disposition of all DEET metabolites in the liver but did not consistently affect the distribution of oxybenzone metabolites. The DHMB appeared to be the major metabolite for DEET, while THB and its precursor DHB were the main metabolites for oxybenzone. Repeated once-daily topical application for 30 days led to higher concentrations of DEET metabolites in the liver. Hepatoma cell studies revealed a decrease in cellular proliferation from all metabolites as single and combined treatments, most notably at 72 hours. Increased accumulation of DHMB and ET in the liver together with an ability to reduce cellular proliferation at achievable plasma concentrations indicated that simultaneous exposure to DEET and oxybenzone might have the potential to precipitate adverse effects in a rat animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl J Fediuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada.
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Gehrke H, Frühmesser A, Pelka J, Esselen M, Hecht LL, Blank H, Schuchmann HP, Gerthsen D, Marquardt C, Diabaté S, Weiss C, Marko D. In vitrotoxicity of amorphous silica nanoparticles in human colon carcinoma cells. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:274-93. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.652207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ren L, Perera C, Hemar Y. Antitumor activity of mushroom polysaccharides: a review. Food Funct 2012; 3:1118-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo10279j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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