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Smran A, Abdullah M, Ahmad NA, ben Yahia F, Fouda AM, Alturaiki SA, AL-Maflehi N, Samran A. Evaluation of stress distributions of calcium silicate-based root canal sealer in bulk or with main core material: A finite element analysis study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299552. [PMID: 38483853 PMCID: PMC10939189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to assess the stress distribution in lower premolars that were obturated with BioRoot RCS or AH Plus, with or without gutta percha (GP), and subjected to vertical and oblique forces. One 3D geometric model of a mandibular second premolar was created using SolidWorks software. Eight different scenarios representing different root canal filling techniques, single cone technique with GP and bulk technique with sealer only with occlusal load directions were simulated as follows: Model 1 (BioRoot RCS sealer and GP under vertical load [VL]), Model 2 (BioRoot RCS sealer and GP under oblique load [OL]), Model 3 (AH Plus sealer with GP under VL), Model 4 (AH Plus sealer with GP under OL), Model 5 (BioRoot RCS sealer in bulk under VL), Model 6 (BioRoot RCS in bulk under OL), Model 7 (AH Plus sealer in bulk under VL), and Model 8 (AH Plus sealer in bulk under OL). A static load of 200 N was applied at three occlusal contact points, with a 45° angle from lingual to buccal. The von Mises stresses in root dentin were higher in cases where AH Plus was used compared to BioRoot RCS. Furthermore, shifting the load to an oblique direction resulted in increased stress levels. Replacing GP with sealer material had no effect on the dentin maximum von Mises stress in BioRoot RCS cases. Presence of a core material resulted in lower stress in dentin for AH Plus cases, however, it did not affect the stress levels in dentin for cases filled with BioRoot RCS. Stress distribution in the dentin under oblique direction was higher regardless of sealer or technique used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Smran
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Abdullah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norasmatul Akma Ahmad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Faycal ben Yahia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Fouda
- Department of Oral Technology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn University, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Sami A. Alturaiki
- Department of Endodontics, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr AL-Maflehi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Samran
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al-Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen
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Sokolonski AR, Amorim CF, Almeida SR, Lacerda LE, Araújo DB, Meyer R, Portela RD. Comparative antimicrobial activity of four different endodontic sealers. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1717-1721. [PMID: 37166626 PMCID: PMC10484879 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental cements are widely used in the clinical routine, specifically for root canal sealing. Within this context, it is expected that these materials present antimicrobial activity, since it would help in the prevention of apical and periapical infections. The present study aimed to comparatively verify the antimicrobial activity of four dental cements against microorganisms that are routinely isolated from endodontic infections. Reference strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were submitted to the agar diffusion test and to modified direct contact test using four different sealers: an eugenol zinc oxide compound, an epoxy resin associated to calcium hydroxide and bismuth, a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a bioceramics. Different E. coli, C. albicans and E. faecalis growth inhibition profiles were observed in the agar diffusion assay. In the direct contact test, the bioceramics presented a higher microbicide activity on all microorganisms tested herein. Dental cements have different antimicrobial activities, being that the bioceramics present the most consistent antimicrobial activity, and that the direct contact test presented more uniform results than the agar diffusion test. This study reveals the antimicrobial activities of different cements and allow dentists to decide which material to employ in their daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sokolonski
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ferreira Amorim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ricardo Almeida
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Lacerda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Danilo Barral Araújo
- Laboratory of Oral Biochemistry, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Roberto Meyer
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40110-100, Brazil.
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Guo X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Ren B, Xu HHK, Peng X, Li M, Wang S, Wang H, Wu Y, Weir MD, Zhou X, Lan F, Cheng L. The Preventive Effect of A Magnetic Nanoparticle-Modified Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13137. [PMID: 36361925 PMCID: PMC9655100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent apical periodontitis is a critical challenge for endodontists. Developing root canal filling materials with continuous antibacterial effects and tightly sealed root canals are essential strategies to avoid the failure of root canal therapy and prevent persistent apical periodontitis. We modified the EndoREZ root canal sealer with the antibacterial material dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The mechanical properties of the modified root canal sealer were tested. The biocompatibility of this sealer was verified in vitro and in vivo. Multispecies biofilms were constructed to assess the antibacterial effects of the modified root canal sealer. We applied magnetic fields and examined the extent of root canal sealer penetration in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that EndoREZ sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP had biological safety and apical sealing ability. In addition, the modified sealer could increase the sealer penetration range and exert significant antibacterial effects on multispecies biofilms under an external magnetic field. According to the in vivo study, the apices of the root canals with the sealer containing 2.5% DMADDM and 1% MNP showed no significant resorption and exhibited only a slight increase in the periodontal ligament space, with a good inhibitory effect on persistent apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hockin H. K. Xu
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Suping Wang
- Stomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Michael D. Weir
- Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fang Lan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Rosa M, Morozova Y, Moštěk R, Holík P, Somolová L, Novotná B, Zábojníková S, Bogdanová K, Langová K, Voborná I, Pospíšilová L, Kovařík JP. The Short-Term Antibacterial Activity of Three Selected Endodontic Sealers against Enterococcus faecalis Bacterial Culture. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020158. [PMID: 35207445 PMCID: PMC8879048 DOI: 10.3390/life12020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Microorganisms originating from the microflora of the oral cavity are the main cause of the inflammatory diseases of the dental pulp and periapical periodontium, as well as the failure of endodontic treatment. The subsequent root canal treatment is not able to remove all the pathogens, and a small number of viable bacteria remain in the dentine tubules, which must be sealed by endodontic sealers. These sealers should have at least a bacteriostatic effect to prevent the remaining bacteria from reproducing. The aim of this study is to compare the short-term antibacterial activity of three endodontic sealers based on poly-epoxy resin, zinc oxide-eugenol and calcium silicate with a calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Calcium hydroxide is used as temporary intracanal medicament and, thus, should show significant antibacterial activity. (2) Methods: A total of 25 bovine dentine samples infected with Enterococcus faecalis were used in this study. After the sealer placement and a 24 h incubation period, the root canal walls were scraped, and the suspension of dentine fillings was used for a semi-quantitative evaluation of microbial growth. (3) Results: The poly-epoxide resin-based sealer ADSeal™ showed significant antibacterial properties. (4) Conclusions: The highest antibacterial activity was shown in poly-epoxide resin-based sealer group, followed by the zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer and calcium silicate-based sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Rosa
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Yuliya Morozova
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Roman Moštěk
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Pavel Holík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lucia Somolová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Barbora Novotná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (B.N.)
| | - Soňa Zábojníková
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Kateřina Bogdanová
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Olomouc, I. P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Langová
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Iva Voborná
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Lenka Pospíšilová
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Josef Paul Kovařík
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (Y.M.); (R.M.); (P.H.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (J.P.K.)
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Antimicrobial Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Materials: A Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070865. [PMID: 34356786 PMCID: PMC8300656 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic biomaterials have significantly improved dental treatment techniques in several aspects now that they can be used for vital pulp treatments, as temporary intracanal medication, in definitive fillings, in apical surgeries, and for regenerative procedures. Calcium silicate-based cement is a class of dental material that is used in endodontics in direct contact with the dental structures, connective tissue, and bone. Because the material interacts with biological tissues and stimulates biomineralization processes, its properties are of major importance. The main challenge in endodontic treatments is the elimination of biofilms that are present in the root canal system anatomical complexities, as it remains even after chemical-mechanical preparation and disinfection procedures. Thus, an additional challenge for these biomaterials is to exert antimicrobial activity while maintaining their biological properties in parallel. This article reviews the literature for studies considering the antimicrobial properties of calcium silicate-based dental biomaterials used in endodontic practice. Considering the reviewed studies, it can be affirmed that the reduced antimicrobial effect exhibited by calcium silicate-based endodontic materials clearly emphasizes that all clinical procedures prior to their use must be carefully performed. Future studies for the evaluation of these materials, and especially newly proposed materials, under poly-microbial biofilms associated with endodontic diseases will be necessary.
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Lei X, Wang J, Chen J, Gao J, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Tang J, Fang W, Li J, Li Y, Zuo Y. The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial efficacy optimized with cellular apoptosis on multi-functional polyurethane sealers for the root canal treatment. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1370-1383. [PMID: 33459325 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02504f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To solve the high instances of failure caused by endodontic reinfection, herein, an improved root filling material was produced to meet the multi-functional demand of sealers for root canal therapy. In this study, polyurethane (PU)-based nanocomposites were prepared by loading bismuth oxide, hydroxyapatite and antibacterial agents, namely Ag3PO4 and ZnO nanoparticles, which were named CP-Ag and CP-Zn sealers, respectively. A parallel biological evaluation at bacterial and cellular levels was performed to determine the fate of the different components of the PU-based sealers. Furthermore, the composition of sealers was quantified by screening their antibacterial activity and apoptotic factors, considering the potential toxicity of the nanoparticles and high dosage of metals. The in vitro optimization investigation was conducted systematically against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, including bacteriostatic and dynamic tests, and the expression of the B-cell lymphoma-2 gene family and caspase proteases in the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway was evaluated using the commercial AH Plus® and Apexit® Plus sealers for comparison. Additionally, the physical properties and sealing ability of sealers were assessed. The results showed that all PU-based sealers could meet the requirements of ISO 6876:2012 for root canal sealing materials. Based on the evaluation system, CP-Zn sealers expressed longer lasting antibacterial activity and lower toxic effect on cells compared to CP-Ag sealers. Especially, the CP-Zn5 sealer exhibited selective antimicrobial efficacy and hypo-toxicity, which were better than that of the two commercial sealers. According to the two-dimensional and three-dimensional methods, the good sealing ability of the CP-Zn5 sealer is the same as the excellent filling characters of AH Plus, which adapts to irregular root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Lei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jinzheng Zhang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Zhao
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jiajing Tang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Fang
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China.
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The single cone obturation technique with a modified warm filler. J Dent 2019; 89:103181. [PMID: 31430509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a new method of obturation by warm sealer in conjunction to single cone gutta-percha and evaluate the suitability of this technique to obturate complex root canal systems. METHODOLOGY Three root canal sealers namely, AH Plus, BioRoot RCS, GuttaFlow and a prototype sealer composed of tricalcium silicate and 30% zirconium oxide mixed with water and water-soluble polymer were investigated. The sealers were tested for flow, film thickness, setting time and radiopacity following ISO 6876 (2012) recommendations at room temperature and following heat application at 100°C to change the sealer properties. All the test sealers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The volume of voids when used with a single cone obturation technique both unmodified and modified by heat was evaluated using microcomputed tomography. RESULTS Although the prototype sealer was designed to be similar to the BioRoot, its physical properties were found to be different. All sealers tested were affected by the heat and exhibited a change in the physical properties mainly the setting time, flow, film thickness and void volume. CONCLUSIONS The application of heat affected the sealer properties and void volume. The single cone obturation technique may not be suitable for complex canal anatomy and furthermore, AH Plus should not be subjected to high temperatures as its properties deteriorate and void volume increases.
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Huang Y, Li X, Mandal P, Wu Y, Liu L, Gui H, Liu J. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of four endodontic sealers. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 31215426 PMCID: PMC6582474 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activities of four endodontic sealers (GuttaFlow2, AH Plus, ProRoot MTA and RealSeal) against E. feacalis, E.coli and C.albicans. Methods The antimicrobial activities of four endodontic sealers were assessed by both agar diffusion test (ADT) and direct contact test (DCT) in this study. In ADT, the results were reported as the diameter of the growth inhibition zone. Both fresh and 1-day-setting sealers were measured. In DCT, microorganisms in suspension were exposed to the sealers for 10, 30 and 60 min and the survival of microorganisms were determined after exposure at different time points(after mixing, 1 and 7 days). The number of colony-forming unit (CFU) was counted. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results Both ADT and DCT results showed that Guttaflow2 presented no effect against any tested microorganisms. In ADT, fresh RealSeal had the largest inhibition zone against all tested microbes, followed by AH Plus and ProRoot MTA. ProRoot MTA demonstrated inhibition zones against all the three test microbes after setting for 1 day, while the other three sealers showed no inhibition activity. In DCT, fresh AH Plus had the strongest antimicrobial effects against all the three tested microorganisms for every contact times, while its antimicrobial activity diminished significantly with time. Fresh RealSeal and ProRoot MTA also showed strong antimicrobial effect and still showed antimicrobial effect after 1-day-setting. The antibacterial effects of RealSeal against E. faecalis and antifungal effect of ProRoot MTA were observed after 7 days of setting. Conclusions GuttaFlow2 had no antimicrobial activity. Freshly mixed RealSeal and AH Plus demonstrated strong antimicrobial effects. RealSeal showed antimicrobial effects after setting in DCT. ProRoot MTA showed high antimicrobial activity and exhibited anti-inflammation potentials after setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# JieFang avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# JieFang avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Preeti Mandal
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# JieFang avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# JieFang avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Gui
- Department of Cadre health care section, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277# JieFang avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Shin JH, Lee DY, Lee SH. Comparison of antimicrobial activity of traditional and new developed root sealers against pathogens related root canal. J Dent Sci 2018; 13:54-59. [PMID: 30895095 PMCID: PMC6388800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Bacterial infection is closely associated with the failure of endodontic treatment, and use of endodontic sealer with antimicrobial activity and biological compatibility is necessary for the success of root canal treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate and to compare the antibacterial effect of two calcium silicate-based root canal sealers (Endoseal and EndoSequence BC sealer) as recent development sealers and with three conventional root canal sealers (AH Plus, Sealapex, and Tubli-Seal), before or after setting, on Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods The sealers were soaked in phosphate buffered saline to elute its compositions after and before setting, and the elutes were performed the antimicrobial assay. Also, X-ray fluorescence analysis was carried out to compare compositions of two calcium silicate-based sealers. Results The conventional root canal sealers have strong antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, P. endodontalis and P. gingivalis. Endoseal sealer showed antibacterial activity against not only the Gram-negative bacteria, but also against the Gram-positive bacteria, E. faecalis. However, Endosequence BC sealer exhibited a weak antibacterial effect on all bacteria in this study. X-ray fluorescence analysis exhibited that Endoseal contained more types and more amount of the oxide compound known to have strong antimicrobial activity such as Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, NiO, and SO2 than Endoseqeunce BC. Conclusion Endoseal, which contains various types of oxide compounds, seems to be a suitable sealer for preventing bacterial infection in both treated and untreated root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hee Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Korea University Medical Center Guro Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yul Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Medical Center Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Shakya VK, Gupta P, Tikku AP, Pathak AK, Chandra A, Yadav RK, Bharti R, Singh RK. An Invitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Flow Characteristics for AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, CRCS and Gutta Flow 2 Root Canal Sealer. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC104-8. [PMID: 27656550 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/20885.8351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cleaning and shaping of root canal does not guarantee complete disinfection of the canal, regardless of the systems and techniques used for this purpose. Therefore, it becomes mandatory for the endodontic filling materials to have a good antimicrobial potential especially against E. faecalis. This research was aimed therefore to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and flow properties of different root canal sealers. AIM To study invitro antimicrobial activity and flow characteristics for Resin based (AH Plus), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate based (MTA Fillapex), Calcium hydroxide based (CRCS) and Flowable Gutta-Percha (Gutta Flow 2) endodontic sealers on Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 was used to test antibacterial potential of sealers by Agar diffusion test (ADT) and Direct Contact Test (DCT). ADT was performed by punching the sealers on a well of 4×6mm diameter on Muller Hinton agar plates. These plates were inoculated with standard suspension of E. faecalis and the zone of inhibition was measured at 24 hours and after 7 days. All the sealers were prepared in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Flow of sealers was measured according to ADA specification no. 57. RESULTS All sealers showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis except Gutta Flow 2. At 24 hours, zone of inhibition was highest in Calcibiotic Root Canal Sealer (CRCS) and lowest in AH Plus. After 7 days the zone of inhibition decreased in AH plus, CRCS and MTA Fillapex. DCT showed a significant lower number of organisms in AH Plus, CRCS and MTA than controls at both the time intervals. Gutta Flow 2 did not show any significant antimicrobial action. Maximum and minimum flow was shown by AH Plus and CRCS respectively. CONCLUSION Highest microbial inhibition was shown by (CRCS), followed by MTA Fillapex and AH Plus. Gutta Flow 2 did not show any inhibition of E. faecalis by ADT. Maximum reduction in antibacterial property with time against E. faecalis was seen with AH Plus. Maximum flow was shown by AH Plus and minimum by CRCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Shakya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aseem P Tikku
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Pathak
- Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Chandra
- Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Yadav
- Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Bharti
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- Associate Professor, Department of Paediatric & Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Seelan RG, Kumar AA, Emil Sam RJ, Maheswari SU. Antimicrobial efficacy of different root canal sealers by using real-time polymerase chain reaction: An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2016; 18:474-8. [PMID: 26752843 PMCID: PMC4693322 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.168814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Root canal sealers help to minimize leakage, provides antimicrobial activity to reduce the possibility of residual bacteria, and to resolve periapical lesion. Aim: To compare five different root canal sealers against Enterococcus faecalis in an infected root canal model by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Settings and Design: Sixty human mandibular premolars were sectioned to standardize a uniform length of 14 mm. Fifty microliters of the inoculum containing E. faecalis were transferred into each microcentrifuge tube (n = 60). The samples were divided into six groups Tubli-Seal, Apexit Plus, Fillapex, AH Plus, RoekoSeal, and Positive control, respectively. Materials and Methods: Five groups after the incubation with the microorganism E. faecalis were coated with different root canal sealers and obturated using F3 ProTaper Gutta-percha point. The dentinal shavings were collected and analyzed for RT-PCR. Statistical Analysis: The mean difference between six groups was calculated using analysis of variance and post-hoc test. Results: The highest antibacterial activity was achieved with Tubli-Seal (1938.13 DNA in pictogram [pg]) and least by RoekoSeal (3034.54 DNA in pg). Conclusion: The maximum antimicrobial activity was achieved AH Plus and Tubli-Seal. RT-PCR can be used as a valuable and accurate tool for testing antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gnana Seelan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Arvind Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Jonathan Emil Sam
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Uma Maheswari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Hwang JH, Chung J, Na HS, Park E, Kwak S, Kim HC. Comparison of bacterial leakage resistance of various root canal filling materials and methods: Confocal laser-scanning microscope study. SCANNING 2015; 37:422-428. [PMID: 26114421 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the bacterial leakage resistance and root canal lining efficacy of various root canal filling materials and methods by using confocal laser-scanning microscope (CLSM). Sixty extracted human premolars with mature apex and single root canal were randomly divided into 2 control groups and 4 experimental groups. Group CW was filled with continuous wave technique using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Group GC was coated with AH-Plus sealer and then obturated with soften GuttaCore. Group GF was obturated using GuttaFlow and gutta-percha. Group EM was filled with EndoSeal MTA and gutta-percha using ultrasonic vibration. The AH-Plus, GuttaFlow, and EndoSeal were labeled with Hoechst 33342 to facilitate fluorescence. The obturated root tip was incubated with Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-stained E. faecalis for 14 days. CLSM was performed to evaluate the sealer distribution and bacterial leakage for the apical 1-, 2-, 3-mm specimens. Statistically significant differences were determined by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Group EM showed the better sealer distribution score than the other groups (p < 0.05). Group CW and group GC exhibited the less bacterial leakage than the group GF, while group EM showed the similar bacterial leakage score with the groups CW and GC. There was no significant correlation between the sealer distribution and bacterial leakage (p > 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, different root canal filling materials and methods showed different efficacy for canal distribution and bacterial leakage resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hee Hwang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hee-Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Eunjoo Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sangwon Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Dental Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
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Prestegaard H, Portenier I, Ørstavik D, Kayaoglu G, Haapasalo M, Endal U. Antibacterial activity of various root canal sealers and root-end filling materials in dentin blocks infected ex vivo with Enterococcus faecalis. Acta Odontol Scand 2014; 72:970-6. [PMID: 25005627 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2014.931462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate the antibacterial activity of the root-end filling materials MTA and IRM, different endodontic sealers and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)₂] in experimentally infected dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-four human root segments were prepared and the root canals were enlarged to ISO size 90. After smear removal, the specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 3 weeks. The roots were divided into eight groups and filled either with MTA, IRM, Ca(OH)₂, gutta-percha and EndoRez (ER)/GuttaFlow (GF)/AH Plus (AH+) or with Resilon and Epiphany (EpRe). One group of specimens was left unfilled for control. Half of the specimens were treated for 1 day and the other half for 7 days in humid conditions at 37°C. Dentin samples from each canal were collected by enlarging the canals to ISO size 150; thus a dentinal depth of 300 µm was sampled. The number of cultivable bacteria was determined for each specimen. Statistical significance was set to 5%. RESULTS After 1-day or 7-days of treatment, compared to control, all materials (except ER and GF at day 7) significantly reduced the number of bacteria. At day 1 and day 7, no significant difference was found between ER and GF and between Ca(OH)₂, AH+, EpRe, IRM and MTA. However, a significant difference was found between these two groups of materials (except between GF and EpRe at day 7). Significantly more bacteria were cultured in the ER, GF, EpRe and IRM groups at day 7 compared to day 1. CONCLUSIONS All materials exerted varying degrees of antibacterial activity which generally tended to decrease with time. The most stable antibacterial effect throughout the 7-day period was for Ca(OH)₂, AH+ and MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Prestegaard
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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14
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Ozcan E, Yula E, Arslanoğlu Z, Inci M. Antifungal activity of several root canal sealers against Candida albicans. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:1481-5. [PMID: 24180589 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2013.771405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of several root canal sealers (iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex and GuttaFlow) against Candida albicans and compare them to that of AH Plus Jet. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 10 μL fungi in suspension was allowed to directly contact the sealers, which were freshly mixed or allowed to set for 1 or 7 days. Fresh media was then added and survival of fungi was determined by using 10-fold serial dilution and inoculated onto agar plates. After incubation for 48 h, colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated and their log10 values converted. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Freshly mixed AH Plus Jet totally inhibited the growth of fungi and showed the highest antifungal activity. GuttaFlow did not show any significant antifungal activity at all times. Freshly mixed iRoot SP and MTA Fillapex were found to be antifungal. Statistical differences were found between freshly mixed and set samples (p < 0.05) in favor of the former, except GuttaFlow. No statistically significant differences were found among the tested sealers at the 1 and 7-day samples (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fresh AH Plus Jet had very potent antifungal activity. All sealers, except GuttaFlow, exhibited antifungal activity when freshly mixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Ozcan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
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15
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Atila-Pektaş B, Yurdakul P, Gülmez D, Görduysus O. Antimicrobial effects of root canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. Int Endod J 2012; 46:413-8. [PMID: 23095092 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the antimicrobial activities of Activ Point (Roeko, Langenau, Germany), Calcium Hydroxide Plus Point (Roeko, Langenau, Germany), calcium hydroxide, 1% chlorhexidine gel and bioactive glass (S53P4) against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty extracted single-rooted human teeth were used. After removing the crowns, root canals were prepared by using the Protaper rotary system. Following autoclave sterilization, root canals were incubated at 37 °C with E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. mutans RSHM 676 for 1 week. The specimens, which were divided into five treatment groups for each microorganism according to the intracanal medicament used, were tested in 10 experimental runs. In each experimental run, 10 roots were included as treatment, one root as positive control and one root as sterility control. Sterile paper points were utilized to take samples from root canals after the incubation of teeth in thioglycollate medium at 37 °C for 1 week. Samples taken from teeth by sterile paper points were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, and following an overnight incubation, the colonies grown on sheep blood agar were counted and interpreted as colony-forming units. Results were tested statistically by using Kruskal-Wallis and Conover's nonparametric multiple comparison tests. RESULTS CHX gel (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001), Activ Point (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002) and Ca(OH)₂ (P = 0.010 and P = 0.005) were significantly more effective against E. faecalis than that of Ca(OH)₂ Plus Point and bioactive glass, respectively. On the other hand, compared with Ca(OH)₂ , CHX gel (P < 0.001), and Activ Point (P < 0.001), bioactive glass (P = 0.014) produced significantly lower colony counts of S. mutans. When compared with the positive control, treatment with Ca(OH)₂ Plus Point (P = 0.085 and P = 0.066) did not produce significantly lower colony counts of E. faecalis and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Compared with the medicaments having an antimicrobial effect because of their alkaline pH, the medicaments containing chlorhexidine were effective against both E. faecalis and S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Atila-Pektaş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Influence of eugenol on the push-out bond strengths of fiber posts cemented with different types of resin luting agents. Odontology 2012; 101:204-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-012-0082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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