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Rajkumar DS, Padmanaban R. Impact of bisphenol A and analogues eluted from resin-based dental materials on cellular and molecular processes: An insight on underlying toxicity mechanisms. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38711185 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Dental resin systems, used for artificial replacement of teeth and their surrounding structures, have gained popularity due to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) recommendation to reduce dental amalgam use in high-risk populations and medical circumstances. Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is an essential monomer within dental resin in the form of various analogues and derivatives. Leaching of monomers from resins results in toxicity, affecting hormone metabolism and causing long-term health risks. Understanding cellular-level toxicity profiles of bisphenol derivatives is crucial for conducting toxicity studies in in vivo models. This review provides insights into the unique expression patterns of BPA and its analogues among different cell types and their underlying toxicity mechanisms. Lack of a consistent cell line for toxic effects necessitates exploring various cell lines. Among the individual monomers, BisGMA was found to be the most toxic; however, BisDMA and BADGE generates BPA endogenously and found to elicit severe adverse reactions. In correlating in vitro data with in vivo findings, further research is necessary to classify the elutes as human carcinogens or xenoestrogens. Though the basic mechanisms underlying toxicity were believed to be the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and a corresponding decline in glutathione levels, several underlying mechanisms were identified to stimulate cellular responses at low concentrations. The review calls for further research to assess the synergistic interactions of co-monomers and other components in dental resins. The review emphasizes the clinical relevance of these findings, highlighting the necessity for safer dental materials and underscoring the potential health risks associated with current dental resin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sangeetha Rajkumar
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rajashree Padmanaban
- Immunodynamics & Interface Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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2
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Wu HM, Chiang CY, Chen WY, Chen CJ, Tseng CC, Chang YC, Cheng WM, Kuan YH. Cyclizine-induced proinflammatory responses through Akt-NFκB pathway in macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2819-2825. [PMID: 37551787 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Cyclizine exhibits sedation and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness due to antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. Cyclizine has the potential for abuse due to the hallucinogenic and euphoric effect. The response of overdose and illegal abuse of cyclizine includes confusion, tremors, chest pain, ataxia, seizures, and lead to suicide. Macrophage plays the important role in the innate immunity. However, over activation of macrophages results in pro-inflammatory responses in peripheral tissues. In the present study, cyclizine was found to enhanced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. We further found that secretion of nitrogen oxide (NO) induced by cyclizine via expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Cyclizine exhibited parallel stimulation of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) p65, and its up-stream factor Akt. These results indicated that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-inflammatory mediators, and adhesion molecules would be induced by cyclizine via activation of Akt-NFκB pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chi Tseng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Chi Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Min Cheng
- College of Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Medical Devices R&D Service Development, Metal Industries Research & Development Centre, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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3
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Lee MW, Su NY, Yang LC, Kuan YH. Rutin alleviates bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate-induced generation of proinflammatory mediators through the MAPK and NF-κB pathways in macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:628-634. [PMID: 36413001 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) is a methacrylate monomer that is mainly used in three-dimensional structures to reconstruct dental and bony defects. BisGMA has toxic and proinflammatory effects on macrophages. Rutin is a natural flavonol glycoside that is present in various plants and has useful biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammation of rutin in macrophages after exposure to BisGMA. Pretreatment of the RAW264.7 macrophage with rutin at 0, 10, 30, and 100 μM for 30 min before being incubated with BisGMA at 0 or 3 μM. Proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (PG) E2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess assay. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were measured by Western blot assay. Pretreatment with rutin inhibited the BisGMA-induced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and PGE2, in macrophages. Rutin also suppressed the BisGMA-induced secretion of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, rutin suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, rutin suppressed the BisGMA-induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and degradation of inhibitor of κB (IκB). These results indicate that the concentration of rutin has an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory mediator generation, MAPK phosphorylation, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and IκB degradation. In conclusion, rutin is a potential anti-inflammatory agent for BisGMA-stimulated macrophages through NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and IκB degradation resulting from MAPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Lee
- A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Yu Su
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chiu Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Yang LC, Chang YC, Chiang CY, Huang FM, Su NY, Kuan YH. Protective effect of wogonin on inflammatory responses in BisGMA-treated macrophages through the inhibition of MAPK and NFκB pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:3007-3012. [PMID: 36178853 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Composites, resins, and sealants that are commonly used in orthopedics and dentistry are based on 2,2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenylene]propane (BisGMA), which induces proinflammatory responses in macrophages. The present study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory responses of wogonin, which is a natural dihydroxyl flavonoid compound, in BisGMA-treated macrophages. According to the findings, wogonin exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticancer, and antioxidative properties. The generation of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were noted to be inhibited by wogonin in BisGMA-treated macrophages. Furthermore, the production of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 was reduced. In addition, BisGMA-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 phosphorylation and inhibitor of κB (IκB) degradation were inhibited. Finally, the BisGMA-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was inhibited. All these effects were induced by wogonin in the macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar inhibitory effects of wogonin were observed on the production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines, expression of iNOS, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and MAPK, and degradation of IκB. These results indicated that rutin is a potential anti-inflammatory agent for BisGMA-treated macrophages that undergo NFκB p65 phosphorylation and IκB degradation through upstream MAPK phosphorylation. Therefore, wogonin inhibits BisGMA-induced proinflammatory responses in macrophages through the regulation of the NFκB pathway and its upstream factor, MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chiu Yang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Yu Su
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Role of microRNA in Endocrine Disruptor-Induced Immunomodulation of Metabolic Health. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12111034. [DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of poor metabolic health is growing exponentially worldwide. This condition is associated with complex comorbidities that lead to a compromised quality of life. One of the contributing factors recently gaining attention is exposure to environmental chemicals, such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Considerable evidence suggests that EDCs can alter the endocrine system through immunomodulation. More concerning, EDC exposure during the fetal development stage has prominent adverse effects later in life, which may pass on to subsequent generations. Although the mechanism of action for this phenomenon is mostly unexplored, recent reports implicate that non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRs), may play a vital role in this scenario. MiRs are significant contributors in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Studies demonstrating the immunomodulation of EDCs via miRs in metabolic health or towards the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Hypothesis are still deficient. The aim of the current review was to focus on studies that demonstrate the impact of EDCs primarily on innate immunity and the potential role of miRs in metabolic health.
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Biodegradation of Dental Resin-Based Composite—A Potential Factor Affecting the Bonding Effect: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092313. [PMID: 36140414 PMCID: PMC9496159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, although resin composite has played an important role in the restoration of tooth defects, it still has several disadvantages, including being biodegraded by saliva, bacteria and other enzymes in the oral cavity, which may result in repair failure. This factor is not conducive to the long-term survival of the prosthesis in the mouth. In this article, we review the causes, influencing factors and prevention methods of resin biodegradation. Biodegradation is mainly caused by esterase in saliva and bacteria, which breaks the ester bond in resin and causes the release of monomers. The mechanical properties of the prosthesis can then be affected. Meanwhile, cathepsin and MMPs are activated on the bonding surface, which may decompose the dentin collagen. In addition, neutrophils and residual water on the bonding surface can also aggravate biodegradation. Currently, the primary methods to prevent biodegradation involve adding antibacterial agents to resin, inhibiting the activity of MMPs and enhancing the crosslinking of collagen fibers. All of the above indicates that in the preparation and adhesion of resin materials, attention should be paid to the influence of biodegradation to improve the prosthesis’s service life in the complex environment of the oral cavity.
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Hampe T, Wiessner A, Frauendorf H, Alhussein M, Karlovsky P, Bürgers R, Krohn S. Monomer Release from Dental Resins: The Current Status on Study Setup, Detection and Quantification for In Vitro Testing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091790. [PMID: 35566958 PMCID: PMC9100225 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in mechanical properties and a shift of focus towards esthetic dentistry led to the application of dental resins in various areas of dentistry. However, dental resins are not inert in the oral environment and may release monomers and other substances such as Bisphenol-A (BPA) due to incomplete polymerization and intraoral degradation. Current research shows that various monomers present cytotoxic, genotoxic, proinflammatory, and even mutagenic effects. Of these eluting substances, the elution of BPA in the oral environment is of particular interest due to its role as an endocrine disruptor. For this reason, the release of residual monomers and especially BPA from dental resins has been a cause for public concern. The assessment of patient exposure and potential health risks of dental monomers require a reliable experimental and analytical setup. However, the heterogeneous study design applied in current research hinders biocompatibility testing by impeding comparative analysis of different studies and transfer to the clinical situation. Therefore, this review aims to provide information on each step of a robust experimental and analytical in vitro setup that allows the collection of clinically relevant data and future meta-analytical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Mohammad Alhussein
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (M.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Sebastian Krohn
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.B.); (S.K.)
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8
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Wu M, Cong Y, Wang K, Yu H, Zhang X, Ma M, Duan Z, Pei X. Bisphenol A impairs macrophages through inhibiting autophagy via AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113395. [PMID: 35298966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread endocrine disruptor that induces the impairment of immune cells, but the mechanism remains unknown. Macrophages are one of the most important immune cells in innate and adaptive immunity. In this study, we aimed to probe the effects of BPA on the damage of RAW264.7 cells and its mechanisms of action, especially focusing on the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis. Cells were pretreated with 10 mg/L LPS, or added autophagy activator RAPA, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737, then treated with BPA (0, 10, 100 and 200 μmol/L) for 12 h. Results have shown that BPA decreased the cell viability and disrupted secretory function by promoting pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and reducing anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 TGF-β, as well as phagocytic ability. Moreover, autophagy was inhibited by BPA through decreasing p-AMPK/AMPK and increasing p-mTOR/mTOR, and further down-regulating autophagy proteins ATG6, LC3II/I ratio, and up-regulating autophagy flux protein p62. Additionally, BPA significantly increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis rate. We found that RAPA ameliorated the cell viability, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and macrophage function damage induced by BPA. Intriguingly, ABT-737 might promote ATG6 expression. In summary, our study demonstrated that the effects of BPA on macrophages seemed to be mediated by inhibiting AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagy and inducing apoptosis via endogenous mitochondrial pathway. Both Bcl-2 and ATG6 were involved in the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy by BPA. These findings provide a broader perspective for understanding the interaction between autophagy and apoptosis in BPA-induced immune cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Wu
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Yan Cong
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Kailu Wang
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Mingyue Ma
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Zhiwen Duan
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Xiucong Pei
- Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
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9
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Edanami N, Ibn Belal RS, Yoshiba K, Yoshiba N, Ohkura N, Takenaka S, Noiri Y. Effect of a resin-modified calcium silicate cement on inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation after pulpotomy in rat molars. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 48:297-304. [PMID: 34599767 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Resin monomers and polymerisation initiators have been shown to be cytotoxic for pulp cells and to disturb odontoblast differentiation. This study aimed to compare the effect of a resin-modified calcium silicate cement (TheraCal LC; TC) and a resin-free calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA; PR) on pulpal healing after pulpotomy. Pulpotomy was performed on the maxillary first molars of 8-week-old rats using either PR or TC. After 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days, pulpal responses were assessed by micro-computed tomography, haematoxylin-eosin staining and immunostaining against CD68, which is a pan-macrophage marker. The results showed that pulpotomy with TC induced persistent infiltration of inflammatory cells, including CD68-positive macrophages, and delayed the formation of reparative dentin as compared with that with PR, although both materials allowed pulpal healing over the long term. Therefore, resin-modified TC was not as biocompatible nor bioinductive as resin-free PR when applied on the healthy pulp of rat molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Edanami
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Razi Saifullah Ibn Belal
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Yoshiba
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Ohkura
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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10
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Su CH, Wu SW, Lee SS, Lee MW, Yeh KL, Chiang CY, Tu DG, Lu YC, Kuan YH. Rutin-protected BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in macrophages through the reduction of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and induction of antioxidant enzymes. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:45-54. [PMID: 32830914 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a resin monomer frequently used in dentin restorative treatments. The leakage of BisGMA monomer from BisGMA-based polymeric resins can lead to cytotoxicity in macrophages. Rutin has various beneficial bioeffects, including antioxidation and antiinflammation. In this study, we found that pretreatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with rutin-inhibited cytotoxicity induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA-induced apoptosis, which was detected by levels of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and formation of sub-G1, and genotoxicity, which was detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by rutin in a concentration-dependent manner. Rutin suppressed the BisGMA-induced activation of caspase-3 and -9 rather than caspase-8. Rutin inhibited the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, including cytochrome C release and mitochondria disruption, after macrophages were treated with BisGMA. Finally, BisGMA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant enzyme (AOE) deactivation could be reversed by rutin. Parallel trends were observed in the elevation of AOE activation and inhibition of ROS generation, caspase-3 activity, mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation, and genotoxicity. These results suggested that rutin suppressed BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity through genotoxicity, the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and relatively upstream factors, including reduction of ROS generation and induction of AOE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wen Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Lee
- A Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Yeh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dom-Gene Tu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Segovia-Mendoza M, Nava-Castro KE, Palacios-Arreola MI, Garay-Canales C, Morales-Montor J. How microplastic components influence the immune system and impact on children health: Focus on cancer. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:1341-1361. [PMID: 32767490 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of human socioeconomic activity, industrial wastes have increased distressingly. Plastic pollution is globally distributed across the world due to its properties of buoyancy and durability. A big health hazard is the sorption of toxicants to plastic while traveling through the environment. Two broad classes of plastic-related chemicals are of critical concern for human health-bisphenols and phthalates. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disruptor compound (EDC) with estrogenic activity. It is used in the production of materials that are used daily. The endocrine modulating activity of BPA and its effects on reproductive health has been widely studied. BPA also has effects on the immune system; however, they are poorly investigated and the available data are inconclusive. Phthalates are also EDCs used as plasticizers in a wide array of daily-use products. Since these compounds are not covalently bound to the plastic matrix, they easily leach out from it, leading to high human exposure. These compounds exert several cell effects through modulating different endocrine pathways, such as estrogen, androgen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and arylhydrocarbon receptor pathways. The exposure to both classes of plastic derivatives during critical periods has detrimental effects on human health. METHODS In this review, we have compiled the most important of their perinatal effects on the function of the immune system and their relationship to the development of different types of cancer. RESULTS/CONCLUSION The administration of bisphenols and phthalates during critical stages of development affects important immune system components, and the immune function; which might be related to the development of different diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen E Nava-Castro
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita I Palacios-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia Garay-Canales
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Jang JW, Lee JW, Yoon YD, Kang JS, Moon EY. Bisphenol A and its substitutes regulate human B cell survival via Nrf2 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113907. [PMID: 32023790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
B cells contribute to produce inflammatory cytokines and antibodies, to present autoantigens, and to interact with T cells, which lead to body defense and disease control. Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2(Nrf2) is responsible for gene expression of antioxidant enzymes to protect cells from oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species(ROS) production. Bisphenol A(BPA) may not be safe due to the effect on body's physiological functions. The chemicals that substitute for BPA may still have similar effects in the body. Tritan™ copolyester is a novel plastic form using BPA substitutes, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol(CHDM), dimethyl terephthalate(DMT), and 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol(TMCD). Isosorbide(ISO) was also used as a substitute for TMCD and DMT. Here, we investigated whether B cell viability is influenced by BPA and its substitutes via Nrf2 induction using WiL2-NS human B lymphoblast cells. When cytotoxicity was measured by using assays with MTT, CellTiter-Glo, trypan blue and propidium iodide, cytotoxicity by BPA was higher than that by substitutes. BPA and its substitutes showed significant cytotoxicity and ROS production, which were attenuated by the treatment with N-acetylcysteine(NAC), a ROS scavenger. In addition, BPA treatment enhanced gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase(HO)-1, catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD) 1 and 2. As H2O2 treatment induced cell death and Nrf2 amount in WiL2-NS cells, BPA treatment increased Nrf2. Cell death by H2O2 was increased in doxycycline-inducible Nrf2-knockdown(KD) cells. In Cytotoxicity by the treatment with BPA or its substitutes was also enhanced in Nrf2-KD cells but that was reduced by Nrf2 overexpression compared to control cells. Taken together, these results implicate that B cell cytotoxicity by substitutes should be lower than BPA and Nrf2 can prevent B cells from BPA- or BPA substitutes-induced cytotoxicity via ROS production. Data suggest that the comprehensive studies or evaluation could be necessary to replace BPA in manufacture by other substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Won Jang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Dae Yoon
- Bio-evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Kang
- Bio-evaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yi Moon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Li J, Bach A, Crawford RB, Phadnis-Moghe AS, Chen W, D'Ingillo S, Kovalova N, Suarez-Martinez JE, Zhou J, Kaplan BLF, Kaminski NE. CLARITY-BPA: Effects of chronic bisphenol A exposure on the immune system: Part 2 - Characterization of lymphoproliferative and immune effector responses by splenic leukocytes. Toxicology 2018; 396-397:54-67. [PMID: 29427786 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used in the manufacturing of a wide range of consumer products, including polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resin that lines beverage and food cans, and some dental sealants. Consumption of food and beverages containing BPA represents the primary route of human BPA exposure, which is virtually ubiquitous. An increasing number of studies have evaluated the effects of BPA on immune responses in laboratory animals that have reported a variety of effects some of which have been contradictory. To address the divergent findings surrounding BPA exposure, a comprehensive chronic treatment study of BPA was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats, termed the Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Toxicity of BPA (CLARITY-BPA). As a participant in the CLARITY-BPA project, our studies evaluated the effects of BPA on a broad range of immune function endpoints using spleen cells isolated from BPA or vehicle treated rats. This comprehensive assessment included measurements of lymphoproliferation in response to mitogenic stimuli, immunoglobulin production by B cells, and cellular activation of T cells, NK cells, monocytes, granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. In total, 630 different measurements in BPA treated rats were performed of which 35 measurements were statistically different from vehicle controls. The most substantive alteration associated with BPA treatment was the augmentation of lymphoproliferation in response to pokeweed mitogen stimulations in 1 year old male rats, which was also observed in the reference estrogen ethinyl estradiol treated groups. With the exception of the aforementioned, the statistically significant changes associated with BPA treatment were mostly sporadic and not dose-dependent with only one out of five BPA dose groups showing a statistical difference. In addition, the observed BPA-associated alterations were mostly moderate in magnitude and showed no persistent trend over the one-year time period. Based on these findings, we conclude that the observed BPA-mediated changes observed in this study are unlikely to alter immune competence in adult rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Anthony Bach
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Robert B Crawford
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Ashwini S Phadnis-Moghe
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Weimin Chen
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Shawna D'Ingillo
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Natalia Kovalova
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Jose E Suarez-Martinez
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Jiajun Zhou
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Barbara L F Kaplan
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, United States.
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Walters NJ, Xia W, Salih V, Ashley PF, Young AM. Poly(propylene glycol) and urethane dimethacrylates improve conversion of dental composites and reveal complexity of cytocompatibility testing. Dent Mater 2016; 32:264-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Huang FM, Chang YC, Lee SS, Yeh CH, Lee KG, Huang YC, Chen CJ, Chen WY, Pan PH, Kuan YH. BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in macrophages are attenuated by wogonin via reduction of intrinsic caspase pathway activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:176-184. [PMID: 26756871 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA) is a frequently used monomer in dental restorative resins. However, BisGMA could leach from dental restorative resins after polymerization leading to inflammation in the peripheral environment. Wogonin, a natural flavone derivative, has several benefits, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. Pretreatment of macrophage RAW264.7 cells with wogonin inhibited cytotoxicity which is induced by BisGMA in a concentration-dependent manner. BisGMA induced apoptotic responses, such as redistribution of phosphatidylserine from the internal to the external membrane and DNA fragmentation, were decreased by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, BisGMA-induced genotoxicity, which detected by cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus and single-cell gel electrophoresis assays, were inhibited by wogonin in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, wogonin suppressed BisGMA-induced activation of intrinsic caspase pathways, such as caspases-3 and -8. Parallel trends were observed in inhibition of caspase-3 and -8 activities, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. These results indicate wogonin suppressed the BisGMA-induced apoptosis and genotoxicity mainly via intrinsic caspase pathway in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Nursing, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Gee Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- School of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jochmanová I, Lazúrová Z, Rudnay M, Bačová I, Mareková M, Lazúrová I. Environmental estrogen bisphenol A and autoimmunity. Lupus 2015; 24:392-9. [PMID: 25801882 DOI: 10.1177/0961203314560205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been evidence of the increasing prevalence of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases consist of many complex disorders of unknown etiology resulting in immune responses to self-antigens. The immune system, and its function, is under complex and integrated control and its disruption can be triggered by multiple factors. Autoimmunity development is influenced by multiple factors and is thought to be a result of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Here, we review the role of a specific environmental factor, bisphenol A (BPA), in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. BPA belongs to the group of environmental estrogens that have been identified as risk factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jochmanová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Z Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Rudnay
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Bačová
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - M Mareková
- Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry and LABMED, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Lazúrová
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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17
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Couleau N, Falla J, Beillerot A, Battaglia E, D’Innocenzo M, Plançon S, Laval-Gilly P, Bennasroune A. Effects of Endocrine Disruptor Compounds, Alone or in Combination, on Human Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cell Response. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131428. [PMID: 26133781 PMCID: PMC4489735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effects on human macrophages of four endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) using the differentiated human THP-1 cell line as a model. We studied first the effects of these EDCs, including Bisphenol A (BPA), di-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-OP), either alone or in combination, on cytokine secretion, and phagocytosis. We then determined whether or not these effects were mediated by estrogen receptors via MAPK pathways. It was found that all four EDCs studied reduced strongly the phagocytosis of the differentiated THP-1 cells and that several of these EDCs disturbed also TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-8 cytokine secretions. Furthermore, relative to control treatment, decreased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was always associated with EDCs treatments-either alone or in certain combinations (at 0.1 μM for each condition). Lastly, as treatments by an estrogen receptor antagonist suppressed the negative effects on ERK 1/2 phosphorylation observed in cells treated either alone with BPA, DEHP, 4-OP or with the combined treatment of BPA and DEHP, we suggested that estrogen receptor-dependent pathway is involved in mediating the effects of EDCs on human immune system. Altogether, these results advocate that EDCs can disturb human immune response at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Couleau
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), IUT Thionville-Yutz, Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
| | - J. Falla
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), IUT Thionville-Yutz, Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
| | - A. Beillerot
- IUT Thionville-Yutz, Impasse Alfred Kastler Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
| | - E. Battaglia
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Campus Bridoux—8, Metz, France
| | - M. D’Innocenzo
- IUT Thionville-Yutz, Impasse Alfred Kastler Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
| | - S. Plançon
- Calcium Signaling and Inflammation Group, Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - P. Laval-Gilly
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), IUT Thionville-Yutz, Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
| | - A. Bennasroune
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), IUT Thionville-Yutz, Espace Cormontaigne, Yutz, France
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18
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Huang FM, Kuan YH, Lee SS, Chang YC. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate in macrophages involved in DNA damage and caspases activation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:581-588. [PMID: 24307521 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Triethyleneglycol-dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is a monomer and widely used in dental composite resins. TEGDMA has been found to exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on many cells. However, little is known about the potential toxicological implications of TEGDMA on murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. In this study, TEGDMA demonstrated a cytotoxic effect to RAW264.7 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). TEGDMA was found to induce two modes of cell death in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). TEGDMA-induced cell apoptosis was demonstrated by the increase in the portion of sub-G0/G1 phase and DNA ladder formation. In addition, TEGDMA exhibited genotoxicity via a dose-related increase in the numbers of micronucleus and DNA strand breaks (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were generated by TEGDMA in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These results indicated that cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by TEGDMA in macrophages may be via DNA damage and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Mei Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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19
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Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Liu Y, Mei C, Liu H, Wang H, Zeng G, Lin J, Xu M. Modulation of cytokine expression in human macrophages by endocrine-disrupting chemical Bisphenol-A. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:592-8. [PMID: 25128825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical Bisphenol-A (BPA) is often associated with dysregulated immune homeostasis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, the effects of BPA on the cytokines responses of human macrophages were investigated. Treatment with BPA increased pro-inflammation cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, but decreased anti-inflammation cytokines interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) production in THP1 macrophages, as well as in primary human macrophages. BPA effected cytokines expression through estrogen receptor α/β (ERα/β)-dependent mechanism with the evidence of ERα/β antagonist reversed the expression of cytokines. We also identified that activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signal cascade marked the effects of BPA on cytokines expression. Our results indicated that BPA effected inflammatory responses of macrophages via modulating of cytokines expression, and provided a new insight into the link between exposure to BPA and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Chenfang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Guoqu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Jianhui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China
| | - Meiying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, PR China.
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Xiong GM, Yuan S, Tan CK, Wang JK, Liu Y, Yang Tan TT, Tan NS, Choong C. Endothelial cell thrombogenicity is reduced by ATRP-mediated grafting of gelatin onto PCL surfaces. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:485-493. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Kuan YH, Huang FM, Lee SS, Li YC, Chang YC. Bisgma stimulates prostaglandin E2 production in macrophages via cyclooxygenase-2, cytosolic phospholipase A2, and mitogen-activated protein kinases family. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82942. [PMID: 24376609 PMCID: PMC3871582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate (BisGMA) employs as a monomer in dental resins. The leakage of BisGMA from composite resins into the peripheral environment can result in inflammation via macrophage activation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key regulator of immunopathology in inflammatory reactions. Little is known about the mechanisms of BisGMA-induced PGE2 expression in macrophage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the signal transduction pathways of BisGMA-induced PGE2 production in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Herein, we demonstrate that BisGMA can exhibit cytotoxicity to RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, PGE2 production, COX-2 expression, and cPLA2 phosphorylation were induced by BisGMA on RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). Moreover, BisGMA could induce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 pathway (MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and Elk), p38 pathway (MEK3/6, p38, and MAPKAPK2), and JNK pathway (MEK4, JNK, and c-Jun) in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p<0.05). Pretreatment with AACOCF3, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 significantly diminished the phosphorylation of cPLA2, ERK1/2, p38, and JNK stimulated by BisGMA, respectively (p<0.05). BisGMA-induced cytotoxicity, cPLA2 phosphorylation, PGE2 generation, and caspases activation were reduced by AACOCF3, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that BisGMA induced-PGE2 production may be via COX-2 expression, cPLA2 phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation of MAPK family. Cytotoxicity mediated by BisGMA may be due to caspases activation through the phosphorylation of cPLA2 and MAPKs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Mei Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Water extract of deer bones activates macrophages and alleviates neutropenia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:617302. [PMID: 23840259 PMCID: PMC3690741 DOI: 10.1155/2013/617302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from deer bones, called nok-gol in Korean, have long been used to invigorate Qi. While neutropenia is not well detected in normal physiological condition, it could be a cause of severe problems to develop diseases such as infectious and cancerous diseases. Thus, a prevention of neutropenia in normal physiology and pathophysiological states is important for maintaining Qi and preventing disease progress. In cell biological aspects, activated macrophages are known to prevent neutropenia. In this study, we demonstrate that water extract of deer bone (herein, NG) prevents neutropenia by activating macrophages. In mouse neutropenia model system in vivo where ICR mice were treated with cyclophosphamide to immunosuppress, an oral administration of NG altered the number of blood cells including lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils. This in vivo effect of NG was relevant to that of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) that was known to improve neutropenia. Our in vitro studies further showed that NG treatment increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promoted macrophagic differentiation of mouse monocytic Raw264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, NG enhanced nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and secretions of cytokines including IL-6 and TNF- α . Consistently, NG treatment induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, IKK, I κ B α , and NF- κ B in Raw264.7 cells. Thus, our data suggest that NG is helpful for alleviating neutropenia.
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Yeh CH, Shih HC, Hong HM, Lee SS, Yang ML, Chen CJ, Kuan YH. Protective effect of wogonin on proinflammatory cytokine generation via Jak1/3-STAT1/3 pathway in lipopolysaccharide stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:960-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713485886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wogonin is a flavonoid compound which exhibits antioxidation, anti-inflammation, neuroprotection, and antitumorgenesis functions. However, the mechanism of how wogonin reduces proinflammatory cytokine generation in activated microglia is unclear. At present, we found wogonin inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-/interferon-γ (INF-γ)-induced generation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Wogonin exhibited parallel inhibition on LPS-/INF-γ-induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α messenger RNA at the same concentration range. LPS-/INF-γ-induced phosphorylation of signal transduction and transcription 1 and 3 (STAT1/3) were also inhibited by wogonin. Although wogonin expressed only weak inhibitory effect on LPS-/INF-γ-induced phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2 (Jak-2) and tyrosine kinase (Tyk)-2, it significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of Jak-1 and Jak-3. These results indicated that the blockade of IL-6 and TNF-α production by wogonin in LPS-/INF-γ-stimulated BV2 microglial cells was attributed mainly to the interference in Jak-1/-3-STAT1/3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Neurology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Che Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Hong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiuan-Shinn Lee
- School of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for General Education, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Rogers JA, Metz L, Yong VW. Review: Endocrine disrupting chemicals and immune responses: A focus on bisphenol-A and its potential mechanisms. Mol Immunol 2013; 53:421-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Kuan YH, Huang FM, Li YC, Chang YC. Proinflammatory activation of macrophages by bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate involved NFκB activation via PI3K/Akt pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4003-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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