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Ajuogu PK, Al-Aqbi MA, Hart RA, Wolden M, Smart NA, McFarlane JR. The effect of dietary protein intake on factors associated with male infertility: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of animal clinical trials in rats. Nutr Health 2020; 26:53-64. [PMID: 31992124 DOI: 10.1177/0260106019900731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that the amount of protein in the diet affects the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis and sub-optimal quantity reduces male fertility potential in both animals and humans. However, individual research reports on the factors associated with male infertility are collectively uncharacterized. AIM We systematically reviewed, and meta-analysed animal (rats) studies on the effect of low protein diet on factors associated with male infertility. METHODS PubMed Central, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched from inception to 30 March 2019 for the study concepts and related keywords in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Data on the outcome measures were extracted and pooled across trials using random-effects model and expressed as mean differences (MD) at a 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve trials identified from 3327 studies, met our inclusion criteria in the comparison of a low protein diet (2-10% protein) vs control protein diet (17-23% protein). The results showed that a low protein diet caused a significant reduction in the body weight (P = 0.0001) testis weight (P = 0.0001), seminal vesicle weight (P = 0.0003), epididymis weight P = 0.02), serum testosterone (P = 0.001) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations (P = 0.04) compared with the control treatments. No effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) plasma concentration (P = 0.13) was observed. CONCLUSION This study revealed that low protein diet caused significant reductions in body weight, testis, epididymis and seminal vesicle weights, serum testosterone and FSH concentration in rats. We infer that sub-optimal protein consumption reduces the gonadal and endocrine function, and consequently male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Ak Al-Aqbi
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia.,College of Agriculture, Wasit University, Iraq
| | - Robert A Hart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia
| | | | - Neil A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia
| | - James R McFarlane
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia
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Yokota S, Shirahata T, Yusa J, Sakurai Y, Ito H, Oshio S. Long-term dietary intake of excessive vitamin A impairs spermatogenesis in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2019; 44:257-271. [PMID: 30944279 DOI: 10.2131/jts.44.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivatives contribute to many physiological processes, including vision, neural differentiation, and reproduction. Vitamin A deficiency causes early cessation of spermatogenesis, characterized by a marked depletion of germ cells. However, there has been no clear understanding about the role of chronic intake of vitamin A excess (VAE) in spermatogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether chronic intake of VAE diet causes arrest of spermatogenesis. To examine the effects of VAE on spermatogenesis, we used ICR male mice fed with control (AIN-93G purified diet: 4 IU/g) diet or VAE (modified AIN-93G diet with VAE: 1,000 IU/g) diet for 7 weeks (from 3 to 10 weeks of age). At 10 weeks of age, the retinol concentration in the testes of VAE mice was significantly higher than that of control mice. Testicular cross sections from control mice contained a normal array of germ cells, while the seminiferous tubules from VAE mice exhibited varying degrees of testicular degeneration. Daily sperm production in VAE testes was dramatically decreased compared to that in control testes. Sperm viability, motility, and morphology were also impaired in VAE mice. Furthermore, we examined the effects of VAE on the expression of genes involved in retinoid signaling and spermatogenesis to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms. Therefore, we are the first to present results describing the long-term dietary intake of VAE impairs spermatogenesis using a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokota
- Department of Hygiene Chemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Takuya Shirahata
- Department of Hygiene Chemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Junko Yusa
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medical Sciences, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Yuko Sakurai
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medical Sciences, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Oral Medical Sciences, Ohu University School of Dentistry
| | - Shigeru Oshio
- Department of Hygiene Chemistry, Ohu University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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Melo MC, Almeida FRCL, Caldeira-Brant AL, Parreira GG, Chiarini-Garcia H. Spermatogenesis recovery in protein-restricted rats subjected to a normal protein diet after weaning. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:787-96. [DOI: 10.1071/rd13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pre- and postnatal effects of protein restriction (8% vs 20% crude protein) on different parameters of spermatogenesis in adult rat offspring. Body and testis weights as well as the seminiferous tubular diameter were reduced in those animals that received the protein-restricted diet after weaning, although these parameters recovered when a 20% protein diet was offered subsequently. The numbers of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells were reduced in undernourished animals, whilst the Sertoli cell number did not change. Prenatal programming effect was observed only in the spermatogonial or proliferative phase of spermatogenesis. However, the intake of the normal protein diet after weaning brought many of the testicular parameters evaluated back to normal in 70-day-old rats. A significant reduction of the meiotic index, Sertoli cell supporting capacity and spermatogenic efficiency was observed in animals subjected to protein undernutrition throughout their lives. The data presented show that protein restriction impairs the normal development of the testis in different ways, depending on the period during which the restriction was imposed, and the negative effects on spermatogenesis are more severe when undernutrition occurs from conception to adulthood; however, the return to a normal protein diet after weaning recovers the spermatogenic process.
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Limited lactational transfer of acrylamide to rat offspring on maternal oral administration during the gestation and lactation periods. Arch Toxicol 2009; 83:785-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-009-0418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ramos CDF, da Silva AM, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB. Stereological Evaluation of the Seminiferous Tubules of Rats after Maternal Undernutrition during the Lactation Period. Urol Int 2006; 76:63-6. [PMID: 16401923 DOI: 10.1159/000089737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to evaluate, through stereological methods, some structural aspects of offspring testes whose dams were submitted to protein and energy-restricted diets during the lactation period. At birth, dams were separated into 3 groups: control group (C), receiving a diet with 23% protein; protein-restricted group (PR), receiving a diet with 8% protein; energy-restricted group (ER), receiving a diet with 23% protein in restricted quantities. At weaning, the offspring was anesthetized and perfused with formalin solution. Then, the testes were excised and processed using routine histological methods. Compared to the C group, both PR and ER groups had a significant reduction in the testis weight (PR = 65%, ER = 60%, p < 0.01), in the total area (PR = 23%, ER = 32%, p < 0.01), in the luminal area (PR = 30%, ER = 36%, p < 0.01), in the epithelial area (PR = 21%, ER = 27%, p < 0.01), and in the epithelial height (PR = 17%, ER = 23%, p < 0.01) of the seminiferous tubule. We conclude that maternal malnutrition during lactation leads to structural changes in the testis that could be responsible for future alterations in this organ physiology.
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The Assessment of Mutagenicity. Health Protection Branch Mutagenicity Guidelines. Health Protection Branch Genotoxicity Committee, Department of National Health and Welfare, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 1993; 21:15-57. [PMID: 8419151 DOI: 10.1002/em.2850210105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Peterson RE, Theobald HM, Kimmel GL. Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compounds: cross-species comparisons. Crit Rev Toxicol 1993; 23:283-335. [PMID: 8260069 DOI: 10.3109/10408449309105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity to TCDD-like congeners in fish, birds, and mammals, and reproductive toxicity in mammals are reviewed. In fish and bird species, the developmental lesions observed are species dependent, but any given species responds similarly to different TCDD-like congeners. Developmental toxicity in fish resembles "blue sac disease," whereas structural malformations can occur in at least one bird species. In mammals, developmental toxicity includes decreased growth, structural malformations, functional alterations, and prenatal mortality. At relatively low exposure levels, structural malformations are not common in mammalian species. In contrast, functional alterations are the most sensitive signs of developmental toxicity. These include effects on the male reproductive system and male reproductive behavior in rats, and neurobehavioral effects in monkeys. Human infants exposed during the Yusho and Yu-Cheng episodes, and monkeys and mice exposed perinatally to TCDD developed an ectodermal dysplasia syndrome that includes toxicity to the skin and teeth. Toxicity to the central nervous system in monkey and human infants is a potential part of the ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Decreases in spermatogenesis and the ability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to term are the most sensitive signs of reproductive toxicity in male and female mammals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Peterson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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8
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Mably TA, Bjerke DL, Moore RW, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Peterson RE. In utero and lactational exposure of male rats to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 3. Effects on spermatogenesis and reproductive capability. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1992; 114:118-26. [PMID: 1585364 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(92)90103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
When administered in overtly toxic doses to postweanling male rats, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) produces adverse effects on the reproductive system including a decrease in spermatogenesis. Because the male reproductive system may be particularly susceptible to toxic insult during the perinatal period, the effects of in utero and lactational TCDD exposure on its development were examined. Male rats born to dams given TCDD (0.064, 0.16, 0.40, or 1.0 micrograms/kg, po) or vehicle on Day 15 of gestation were evaluated at various stages of development; effects on spermatogenesis and male reproductive capability are reported herein. Testis, epididymis, and cauda epididymis weights were decreased in a dose-related fashion at 32, 49, 63, and 120 days of age, that is, when males were at the juvenile, pubertal, postpubertal, and mature stages of sexual development, respectively. When measured on Days 49, 63, and 120, daily sperm production by the testis was reduced at the highest maternal TCDD dose to 57-74% of the control rate. Cauda epididymal sperm reserves in 63- and 120-day-old males were decreased to as low as 25 and 44%, respectively, of control values, although the motility and morphology of these sperm appeared to be unaffected. The magnitude of the effects described above tended to lessen with time; nevertheless, the decreases in epididymis and cauda epididymis weights, daily sperm production, and cauda epididymal sperm number were statistically significant at the lowest maternal dose tested (0.064 micrograms TCDD/kg) on Day 120 and at most earlier times. To determine if in utero and lactational TCDD exposure also affects male reproductive capability, rats were mated at approximately 70 and 120 days of age with control females. Little if any effect on fertility was seen, and the survival and growth of offspring was unaffected. These results are not inconsistent with the pronounced reductions in daily sperm production and cauda epididymal sperm reserves caused by perinatal TCDD exposure since rats produce and ejaculate far more sperm than are required for normal fertility. The TCDD-induced reduction in spermatogenesis cannot be accounted for by concurrent effects on plasma follicle-stimulating hormone or androgen concentrations or by undernutrition. To investigate the nature of the spermatogenic lesion, leptotene spermatocyte to Sertoli cell ratios were determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Mably
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Henderson BE, Bernstein L, Ross RK, Depue RH, Judd HL. The early in utero oestrogen and testosterone environment of blacks and whites: potential effects on male offspring. Br J Cancer 1988; 57:216-8. [PMID: 3358915 PMCID: PMC2246431 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1988.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles
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Bansal-Rajbanshi M, Mathur M. Testicular morphology and cell proliferation kinetics of immature germ cells and Sertoli cells in suckling undernourished rats. CELL AND TISSUE KINETICS 1985; 18:183-91. [PMID: 4038628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1985.tb00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Undernutrition during suckling was induced in newborn rats by increasing the litter size to sixteen pups to be fed by one mother. Animals reared in litters of eight served as controls. Undernourished animals showed retarded body and testicular growth during a suckling period of 22 days. Sequential morphogenesis of the testis was not altered up to 15 days of age. However, certain morphological alterations in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were observed from 15 days onwards. Cell generation cycle of spermatogonial germ cells and supporting cells (future Sertoli cells) on day 9 showed marked prolongation of DNA synthetic phase (S), unaltered post-DNA synthetic phase (G2) and total cycle (Tc) and shortening of the pre-DNA synthetic phase (G1) indicating a depression in DNA synthesis in undernutrition.
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Herbert DC. Testicular testosterone concentrations in protein-calorie malnourished rats. ARCHIVES OF ANDROLOGY 1985; 14:45-9. [PMID: 3931599 DOI: 10.3109/01485018508987277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of protein-calorie malnutrition on testicular testosterone were studied at 5-day intervals in rats from 20 to 80 days of age. A significant increase in steroid hormone production did not occur in the malnourished rats before 60 days of age, whereas in well-fed controls, a marked rise was recorded between days 35 and 40. These changes correspond to a 5- to 10-day period which preceded the first appearance of mature sperm in both animal groups.
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12
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Jean-Faucher C, Berger M, De Turckheim M, Veyssière G, Jean C. Effects of accelerating growth on the onset of puberty in male mice. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHYSIOLOGIE ET DE BIOCHIMIE 1984; 92:283-9. [PMID: 6085246 DOI: 10.3109/13813458409071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Sexual maturation was evaluated in male mice subjected to prenatal and preweaning overnutrition induced by reduction of litter size in embryonic and post-natal life. From birth to adulthood body weight was higher in overfed males than in controls. Plasma and testicular testosterone levels followed a similar pattern in normally fed and overfed males. Adult gonadotrophin levels were attained at 30 (FSH) and 40 (LH) days in controls and as soon as 20 days in overfed males. First fertile matings occurred at the same age in both groups. Overnourished males attained puberty when weighing considerably more than controls (34.7 +/- 0.4 vs. 29.4 +/- 0.3 g). The 30-day-old overfed males, which have attained the critical pubertal body weight of controls, were sexually immature. The data showed that in male mice puberty does not seem to be triggered by the attainment of a critical body weight.
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