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Guiton R, Drevet JR. Viruses, bacteria and parasites: infection of the male genital tract and fertility. Basic Clin Androl 2023; 33:19. [PMID: 37468865 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-023-00193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects one couple out of six worldwide. Male infertilty can result from congenital or acquired factors, of which pathogens that reach the genital tract through sexual contact or blood dissemination. The impact of major viral, bacterial and parasitic infections on the male genital tract and fertility has been summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A systematic review of articles published in the Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted. It turns out that viruses, as well as bacteria and parasites are major inducers of male genital tract infections and ensuing infertility through damage to the organs and subsequent loss of function and/or through direct damage to the sperm cells. Moreover, not only male infertility results from such infections but these can also be transmitted to women and even to the offspring, thus highlighting the need to efficiently detect, treat and prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Guiton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, GReD Institute, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR6293, GReD Institute, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Effect of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on Human Semen: No Evidence of Coronavirus in Semen of Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6204880. [PMID: 36132075 PMCID: PMC9484874 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6204880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV-2) was found in China. The coronavirus can impact different organs, as shown by the virus having been detected in urine, blood, oropharyngeal, and feces. This study was done to assess the impact of COVID-19 on semen analysis and to evaluate the existence of the virus in the semen of infected men. Methodology. Forty fertile men with COVID-19 were confirmed by an oropharyngeal sample. The men were divided into two groups. The semen of twenty men in the acute stage of COVID-19 and twenty men in the clinical recovery stage was analyzed, and the parameters of semen were compared between two groups. In addition, a PCR test of patients' semen was done. Result The analysis showed that all patients' semen specimens tested negative. Semen analysis revealed no significant difference in sperm count, concentration, or motility, and the sperm of both groups was found to be normal. However, viability and morphology parameters were significantly lower in men with the acute disease. Conclusion Coronavirus (COVID-19) was not secreted in the semen of infected men but had a negative effect on the morphology and viability of the sperm of men in the acute stage.
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Penman BS, Gandon S. Adaptive immunity selects against malaria infection blocking mutations. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008181. [PMID: 33031369 PMCID: PMC7544067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation responsible for Duffy negativity, which impedes Plasmodium vivax infection, has reached high frequencies in certain human populations. Conversely, mutations capable of blocking the more lethal P. falciparum have not succeeded in malarious zones. Here we present an evolutionary-epidemiological model of malaria which demonstrates that if adaptive immunity against the most virulent effects of malaria is gained rapidly by the host, mutations which prevent infection per se are unlikely to succeed. Our results (i) explain the rarity of strain-transcending P. falciparum infection blocking adaptations in humans; (ii) make the surprising prediction that mutations which block P. falciparum infection are most likely to be found in populations experiencing low or infrequent malaria transmission, and (iii) predict that immunity against some of the virulent effects of P. vivax malaria may be built up over the course of many infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget S. Penman
- Zeeman Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Gandon
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Paul Valéry University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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Breschi M, Fornasin A, Gonano G, Mazzoni S, Manfredini M. Male fertility between biology and the socioeconomic context news from the past (Alghero, 1866-1935). ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 37:100833. [PMID: 31911379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the process of fertility decline, the role and participation of men have hardly been considered in the demographic literature. It has grown only as fertility was dropping dramatically in most Western countries, but very little has been done to analyze such an issue in historical populations. Based on individual-level data, the present paper aims at investigating, by means of hazard models, the role of males in the reproductive pattern of the pre-transitional population of Alghero, Sardinia (1866-1935). The results show a slower decrease of male fertility (-23% at 40-49 years; around -50% at 50+) compared to female fertility (about -40% already at 35-49 years), with significant differentials by socioeconomic status (SES). Wealthier men present, in fact, lower fertility than poorest ones, with a gap that, however, reduces with age and even reverses at 50+ years. The reason for such a change is likely to be partly associated with the better health conditions of the wealthy group, developed especially in adulthood, given the absence of a significant relationship between height and fertility SES differentials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S Mazzoni
- Institute of Economics, Geography and Demography (IEGD-CCHS-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
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Safety of anti-rheumatic drugs in men trying to conceive: A systematic review and analysis of published evidence. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 48:911-920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shiadeh MN, Niyyati M, Fallahi S, Rostami A. Human parasitic protozoan infection to infertility: a systematic review. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:469-77. [PMID: 26573517 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4827-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protozoan parasitic diseases are endemic in many countries worldwide, especially in developing countries, where infertility is a major burden. It has been reported that such infections may cause infertility through impairment in male and female reproductive systems. We searched Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases and Google scholar to identify the potentially relevant studies on protozoan parasitic infections and their implications in human and animal model infertility. Literature described that some of the protozoan parasites such as Trichomonas vaginalis may cause deformities of the genital tract, cervical neoplasia, and tubal and atypical pelvic inflammations in women and also non-gonoccocal urethritis, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia in men. Toxopalasma gondii could cause endometritis, impaired folliculogenesis, ovarian and uterine atrophy, adrenal hypertrophy, vasculitis, and cessation of estrus cycling in female and also decrease in semen quality, concentration, and motility in male. Trypanosoma cruzi inhibits cell division in embryos and impairs normal implantation and development of placenta. Decrease in gestation rate, infection of hormone-producing glands, parasite invasion of the placenta, and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines in the oviducts and uterine horns are other possible mechanisms induced by Trypanosoma cruzi to infertility. Plasmodium spp. and Trypanosoma brucei spp. cause damage in pituitary gland, hormonal disorders, and decreased semen quality. Entamoeba histolytica infection leads to pelvic pain, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and genital ulcers. Cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis can induce genital lesion, testicular amyloidosis, inflammation of epididymis, prostatitis, and sperm abnormality in human and animals. In addition, some epidemiological studies have reported that rates of protozoan infections in infertile patients are higher than healthy controls. The current review indicates that protozoan parasitic infections may be an important cause of infertility. Given the widespread prevalence of parasitic protozoa diseases worldwide, we suggest further studies to better understanding of relationship between such infections and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Niyyati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Fallahi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Campagna M, Satta G, Fadda D, Pili S, Cocco P. Male fertility following occupational exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 77:42-47. [PMID: 25645380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inconsistent epidemiological results of the endocrine disrupting effects of DDT fuel a harsh debate on its global ban. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that occupational exposure to dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) causes impairment in male fertility in a cohort of DDT exposed workers, in Sardinia, Italy. METHODS We accessed official records on date of marriage and date of birth of the first child to estimate time to pregnancy (TTP) in the spouses of 1223 workers employed in a 1946-1950 anti-malarial campaign. The TTP calculation was censored at the 13th month after date of marriage. We used a modified Cox's proportional hazard model to calculate the fecundability ratio (FR) by job, by cumulative exposure to DDT, and by time window in relation to the anti-malarial operations, adjusting by paternal age at marriage. RESULTS Among the spouses of DDT applicators, fecundability did not vary during DDT use (FR=1.22, 95% CI 0.84-1.77) nor in the following decade (FR=1.01, 95% CI 0.67-1.50) with reference to the prior years. A significant increase occurred among the unexposed and the less exposed sub-cohorts, which generated a non-significantly reduced FR among the DDT applicator sub-cohort with reference to the unexposed following exposure. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence of an impairment in male fertility following heavy occupational exposure to DDT. However, although fecundability was highest among the spouses of the DDT applicators in the years prior to the anti-malarial campaign, we cannot exclude that DDT exposure prevented an increase parallel to that observed among the unexposed and the less exposed sub-cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Campagna
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E ss 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giannina Satta
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E ss 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Domenica Fadda
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E ss 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Sergio Pili
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E ss 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Cocco
- Department of Public Health, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Occupational Health Section, University of Cagliari, Asse Didattico E ss 554, km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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Wiwanitkit V. Malaria and semen quality: An issue in reproductive health? J Hum Reprod Sci 2011; 4:58. [PMID: 21772745 PMCID: PMC3136075 DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.82366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Wiwanitkit House, Bangkhae, Bangkok, Thailand; and Visiting Professor, Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed the literature on protozoan infections in the male genital tract, with special reference to histopathological findings and their repercussions on different andrological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE data base from 1966 to May 1995 was done and related articles were identified. The considered terms were parasitology and the male genital organs. Additional searches on infertility, semen and sexually transmitted diseases were performed. RESULTS Protozoan infections of the male genital tract are rare and only a few species of parasites are involved. Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma species, Leishmania donovani, Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba species, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum have been described in the male genital tract as producing testicular damage or secondary hypogonadism via hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis alterations. CONCLUSIONS Topics of interest were the role of sexual transmission by some parasites, principally T. vaginalis, relationship with subfertility or infertility in the male subject, clinical significance in differential diagnosis with other inflammatory processes, and for some parasites the relationship with opportunistic behavior and immunodeficiency syndromes, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-García
- Department of Morphology and Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
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