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Guazzone VA, Lustig L. Varicocele and testicular cord torsion: immune testicular microenvironment imbalance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1282579. [PMID: 38099296 PMCID: PMC10720440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1282579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main functions of the testis, steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis, depend on the endocrine axis and systemic and local tolerance mechanisms. Infectious or non-infectious diseases may disturb testicular immune regulation causing infertility. Literature has illustrated that bacterial and viral infections lead to autoimmune infertility: either sperm antibodies or autoimmune epidydimo-orchitis. However, little is known about the association between non-infectious testicular pathologic diseases and autoimmunity. Here we review the novel aspect of varicocele and testicular cord torsion pathology linked to inflammation and discuss how immune factors could contribute to or modulate autoimmunity in ipsi- and contralateral testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa A. Guazzone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Livia Lustig
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología/Unidad Académica II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Di Fabrizio D, Arena S, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Comment on "Polydeoxyribonucleotide Exerts Therapeutic Effect by Increasing VEGF and Inhibiting Inflammatory Cytokines in Ischemic Colitis Rats". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9803930. [PMID: 37435392 PMCID: PMC10332923 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9803930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Di Fabrizio
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Lee D, Lee J, Koo KT, Seol YJ, Lee YM. The impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide on early bone formation in lateral-window sinus floor elevation with simultaneous implant placement. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 53:157-169. [PMID: 36468479 PMCID: PMC10133820 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2202760138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) on histologic outcomes when implant placement and lateral sinus floor elevation are performed simultaneously. METHODS Three bimaxillary premolars (P2, P3, and P4) were extracted from 4 beagle dogs 2 months before lateral sinus floor elevation. After lateral elevation of the sinus membrane, each sinus was allocated to either the test or control group. Sinuses underwent either 1) collagenated synthetic bone graft with PDRN following lateral sinus floor elevation (test group) or 2) collagenated synthetic bone graft without PDRN after lateral sinus floor elevation (control group). Eight weeks after the surgical procedure, all animals were euthanised for a histologic and histomorphometric assessment. Augmented height (AH), protruding height (PH), and bone-to-implant contact in pristine (BICp) and augmented (BICa) bone were measured. The composition of the augmented area, which was divided into 3 areas of interest located in coronal, middle and apical areas (AOI_C, AOI_M, and AOI_A), was calculated with 3 parameters: the area percentage of new bone (pNB), residual bone graft particle (pRBP), and fibrovascular connective tissue (pFVT). RESULTS AH, PH, BICp, BICa total, BICa coronal, and BICa middle values were not significantly different between sinuses in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). The BICa apical of sinuses in the test group (76.7%±9.3%) showed statistically higher values than those of sinuses in the control group (55.6%±22.1%) (P=0.038). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in AOI_A (P=0.038, P=0.028, and P=0.007, respectively). pNB, pRBP, and pFVT in AOI_C and AOI_M were not significantly different between samples in the control and test groups (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The histologic findings revealed that lateral sinus floor elevation with PDRN might improve early new bone formation and enable higher bone-to-implant contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongseob Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungwon Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- One-Stop Specialty Center, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ki-Tae Koo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University and Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Adegoke EO, Rahman MS, Amjad S, Pang WK, Ryu DY, Park YJ, Pang MG. Bisphenol A damages testicular junctional proteins transgenerationally in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119067. [PMID: 35231543 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Testicular junctions are pivotal to male fertility and regulated by constituent proteins. Increasing evidence suggests that environmental chemicals, including bisphenol A (BPA), may impact these proteins, but whether the impacts persist for generations is not yet known. Here, we investigate the effect of BPA (a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical) on testis and sperm functions and whether the effects are transferred to subsequent generations. Male mice (F0) were exposed to corn oil (Control) or 5 or 50 mg BPA/kg body weight/day from 6 to 12 weeks of age. The F0 were mated with wild-type females to produce the first filial (F1) generation. F2 and F3 were produced using similar procedures. Our results showed that BPA doses decreased the levels of some junctional proteins partly via binding with estrogen receptors (ERα and Erβ), upregulation of p-ERK1/2, P85, p-JNK and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Consequently, testicular histological abnormalities, disrupted spermatogenesis, decreased sperm count, and inability to fertilize eggs were observed in mice exposed to BPA. These effects were transferred to successive generations (F2), partly through DNA methylation, but mostly alleviated in F3 males. Our findings suggest that paternal exposure to chemicals promoting alteration of testicular junctional proteins and its transgenerational inheritance is a key component of the origin of male reproductive health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Saidur Rahman
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Shereen Amjad
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Yeal Ryu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Park
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Geol Pang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology and BET Research Institute, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Chun S, Ohk SO, Kim S, Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Kim S. Amelioration of alcohol‑induced gastric mucosa damage by oral administration of food‑polydeoxyribonucleotides. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:790. [PMID: 34505634 PMCID: PMC8441963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastritis refers to inflammation caused by injury to the gastric epithelium, which is usually due to excessive alcohol consumption and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from this disease. However, the lack of safe and promising treatments makes it urgent to explore and develop leads from natural resources. Therefore, food as medicine may be the best approach for the treatment of these disorders. The present study described the protective effects of food-polydeoxyribonucleotides (f-PDRNs) in a rat model of gastric mucosal injury induced by HCl-EtOH. Administration of f-PDRN was performed with low-PRF002 (26 mg/kg/day), medium-PRF002 (52 mg/kg/day) and high-PRF002 (78 mg/kg/day) on the day of autopsy. The site of damage to the mucous membrane was also analysed. In addition, an increase in gastric juice pH, total acidity of gastric juice and decrease in gastric juice secretion were confirmed, and gastric juice secretion-related factors corresponding to the administration of f-PDRN were analysed. Administration of f-PDRN reduced the mRNA expression of histamine H2 receptor, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, cholecystokinin 2 receptor and H+/K+ ATPase related to gastric acid secretion and downregulation of histamine, myeloperoxidase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In addition, it was histologically confirmed that the loss of epithelial cells and the distortion of the mucosa were recovered in the group in which f-PDRN was administered compared to the model group with gastric mucosa damage. In summary, the present study suggested that f-PDRN has therapeutic potential and may have beneficial effects if taken regularly as a food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Kim
- Technology Innovation Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Chun
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ong Ohk
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Kim
- Pharmaceutical Formulation Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungoh Lee
- Research Strategy Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyu Kim
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Kim
- Research Strategy Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
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Santi D, Spaggiari G, Greco C, Lazzaretti C, Paradiso E, Casarini L, Potì F, Brigante G, Simoni M. The "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" of Endothelial Dysfunction Markers in Human Fertility. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2584. [PMID: 33806677 PMCID: PMC7961823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and represents the first step in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The evaluation of endothelial health is fundamental in clinical practice and several direct and indirect markers have been suggested so far to identify any alterations in endothelial homeostasis. Alongside the known endothelial role on vascular health, several pieces of evidence have demonstrated that proper endothelial functioning plays a key role in human fertility and reproduction. Therefore, this state-of-the-art review updates the endothelial health markers discriminating between those available for clinical practice or for research purposes and their application in human fertility. Moreover, new molecules potentially helpful to clarify the link between endothelial and reproductive health are evaluated herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Santi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Spaggiari
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Carla Greco
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Clara Lazzaretti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Elia Paradiso
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- International PhD School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Potì
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-Unit of Neurosciences, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy;
| | - Giulia Brigante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy; (C.G.); (C.L.); (E.P.); (L.C.); (G.B.); (M.S.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medical Specialties, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Modena, Italy
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Alawamlh OAH, Flannigan R, Hayden R, Goldstein M, Li PS, Lee RK. Testicular Torsion and Spermatogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:287-306. [PMID: 34453742 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Testicular torsion (TT) is a common urologic emergency that can occur at any age. It is most common in newborns and during puberty. Prompt evaluation and management is required to salvage the testis following an episode of torsion. TT brings about damage to testicular tissue and spermatogenesis through various hypothesized mechanisms; however there is a consensus that the effects of ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress account for the most destructive effects. Numerous studies have examined the effects of various agents and therapies in limiting the effects of TT on the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Hussein Alawamlh
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Flannigan
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russell Hayden
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Goldstein
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip S Li
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard K Lee
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation, Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang D, Wang Y, Lin H, Sun Y, Wang M, Jia Y, Yu X, Jiang H, Xu W, Sun JP, Xu Z. Function and therapeutic potential of G protein-coupled receptors in epididymis. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5489-5508. [PMID: 32901914 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility rates for both females and males have increased continuously in recent years. Currently, effective treatments for male infertility with defined mechanisms or targets are still lacking. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of drug targets, but their functions and the implications for the therapeutic development for male infertility largely remain elusive. Nevertheless, recent studies have shown that several members of the GPCR superfamily play crucial roles in the maintenance of ion-water homeostasis of the epididymis, development of the efferent ductules, formation of the blood-epididymal barrier and maturation of sperm. Knowledge of the functions, genetic variations and working mechanisms of such GPCRs, along with the drugs and ligands relevant to their specific functions, provide future directions and a great arsenal for new developments in the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daolai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujing Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yingli Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, SCU-CUHK, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Shandong Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in infertile men with varicocele. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 140:103131. [PMID: 32361601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An enlargement of the spermatic vein is known as a varicocele. Research studies suggest that immune system mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors including VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 can play a role in angiogenesis and inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis and correspondingly suppress spermatogenesis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure the expression of VEGF and its receptors in infertile men with varicocele. MATERIALS & METHODS To meet the research objectives, a total number of 30 infertile male patients affected with varicocele (Grade 3) and 30 healthy fertile male subjects without any varicocele or urogenital tract disorder were enrolled in the study. The varicose and normal veins were obtained from the patients along with the blood flowing in these spermatic veins during surgery. Also, peripheral blood samples were collected from the mentioned patients and healthy subjects. The serum levels of VEGF were also measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and subsequently mRNA level of VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, B Cell Lymphoma-Associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) genes were measured using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that VEGFR2 gene expression in varicose veins was significantly increased compared with normal veins in varicocele patients (P < 0.001) and Bax/Bcl2 ratio reduced in varicose veins when compared to normal veins of the patients (P < 0.05). Our findings also showed a significant rise in the serum levels of VEGF in the peripheral blood and varicose vein bloodstream compared with those in healthy subjects (P < 0.0001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed in the serum levels of VEGF in the peripheral blood and varicose vein blood of patients suffering from varicocele (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, VEGF/VEGFR2 axis might act in the survival of endothelial cells of varicocele vein through inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of angiogenesis. Additionally, increased VEGF in the testis can probably play a role in suppressing spermatogenesis and varicocele-based infertility.
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Abdel-Aziz AM, Naguib Abdel Hafez SM. Sitagliptin protects male albino rats with testicular ischaemia/reperfusion damage: Modulation of VCAM-1 and VEGF-A. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13472. [PMID: 31773790 DOI: 10.1111/and.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twisting of the spermatic cord is considered a popular problem in the urological field, which may lead to testicular necrosis and male infertility. Sitagliptin, a glucose-lowering agent, proved to have a vindicatory function in myocardial and renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its role in testicular I/R has not yet been studied. The current work investigates its capability to recover the testicular I/R injury with shedding more light on the mechanism of its action. Four groups were used: sham, sham pretreated with sitagliptin, I/R and sitagliptin/I/R-pretreated groups. The outcomes proved that I/R significantly decreased the serum testosterone, with a major increase in oxidative, inflammatory and nitrosative stress, along with a reduction in testicular vascular endothelial growth factor-A level with marked germinal cell apoptosis. However, pretreatment with sitagliptin significantly reversed the profound testicular I/R damaging effects, on the basis of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities with the ability of recuperation of the testicular vascularity.
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11
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Arena S, Romeo C. The intriguing role of VEGF in varicocele. Andrologia 2018; 49. [PMID: 28741722 DOI: 10.1111/and.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Arena
- Unit of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - C Romeo
- Unit of Paediatric Surgery, Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Neuroprotective Effects of Polydeoxyribonucleotide in a Murine Model of Cadmium Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4285694. [PMID: 30228855 PMCID: PMC6136506 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4285694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a harmful heavy metal, which causes severe brain damage and neurotoxic effects. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) stimulates adenosine A2A receptor, thus contrasting several deleterious mechanisms in course of tissue damages. We aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of PDRN in a murine model of Cd-induced brain toxicity. Male C57 BL/6J mice were treated as follows: vehicle (0.9% NaCl, 1 ml/kg/day), PDRN (8 mg/kg/day), CdCl2 (2 mg/kg/day), and CdCl2 + PDRN. Animals were tested with the Morris water maze test to assess spatial memory and learning. After 14 days of treatment, brains were processed to evaluate the presence of edema in the cerebral tissue, the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the morphological behavior of the hippocampal structures. After CdCl2 administration, the escape latency was high, protein expression of BDNF was significantly decreased if compared to controls, mTOR levels were higher than normal controls, and brain edema and neuronal damages were evident. The coadministration of CdCl2 and PDRN significantly diminished the escape latency, increased BDNF levels, and decreased protein expression of mTOR. Furthermore, brain edema was reduced and the structural organization and the number of neurons, particularly in the CA1 and CA3 hippocampal areas, were improved. In conclusion, a functional, biochemical, and morphological protective effect of PDRN against Cd induced toxicity was demonstrated in mouse brain.
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Sodium-DNA for Bone Tissue Regeneration: An Experimental Study in Rat Calvaria. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7320953. [PMID: 29082254 PMCID: PMC5610838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7320953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Surgical techniques in dental and maxillofacial surgery request fast bone tissue regeneration, so there is a significant need to improve therapy for bone regeneration. Several studies have recently underlined the importance of nucleotides and nucleosides to increase cell proliferation and activity; in particular, the ability of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) to induce growth and activity of human osteoblasts was demonstrated. Sodium-DNA is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from the gonadic tissue of male sturgeon and then purified, depolymerized, and neutralized with sodium hydroxide. To date, there are no evidences about the use of Sodium-DNA for bone tissue regeneration. Consequently, our question is about the efficacy of Sodium-DNA in bone healing. For testing the role of Sodium-DNA in bone healing we used a rat calvarial defect model. Sodium-DNA at different concentrations used alone or in association with Fibrin and/or Bio-Oss was used for healing treatments and the bone healing process was evaluated by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Our results suggested a positive effect of Sodium-DNA in bone regeneration, providing a useful protocol and a model for the future clinical evaluation of its osteogenic properties.
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Yapanoglu T, Ozkaya F, Yilmaz AH, Mammadov R, Cimen FK, Hirik E, Altuner D. Effect of etoricoxib on experimental oxidative testicular ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats induced with torsion-detorsion. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:457-464. [PMID: 28883750 PMCID: PMC5587596 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Etoricoxib features antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties concomitantly, suggesting that it may be beneficial in testicular ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. Our aim is to investigate the effects of etoricoxib on testicular I/R damage induced with torsion-detorsion (TD). The etoricoxib + torsion-detorsion (ETD) groups of animals were given etoricoxib in 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight (ETD-50 and ETD-100), while the testes torsion-detorsion (TTD) and sham operation rat group (SOG) animals were given single oral doses of distilled water as a solvent. TTD, ETD-50 and ETD-100 groups were subjected to 720° degrees torsion for four hours, and detorsion for four hours. The SOG group was not subjected to this procedure. Biochemical, gene expression and histopathological analyses were carried out on the testicular tissues. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly higher, and the levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione reductase (GSHRd) were significantly lower in the TTD group, compared to the ETD-50, ETD-100 and SOG groups. Etoricoxib at a dose of 100 mg/kg better prevented I/R damage than the 50 mg/kg dose. Etoricoxib may be useful in clinical practice in the reduction of I/R damage on testes caused by torsion-detorsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Yapanoglu
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozkaya
- Department of Urology, Bayburt State Hospital, Bayburt 69010, Turkey
| | - Ali Haydar Yilmaz
- Department of Urology, Bilecik State Hospital, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Ferda Keskin Cimen
- Department of Pathology, Mengucek Gazi Education and Research Hospital, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Erkan Hirik
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Durdu Altuner
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
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15
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Bellezza I, Minelli A. Adenosine in sperm physiology. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Squadrito F, Bitto A, Irrera N, Pizzino G, Pallio G, Minutoli L, Altavilla D. Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Use of PDRN. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:224. [PMID: 28491036 PMCID: PMC5405115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PDRN is a proprietary and registered drug that possesses several activities: tissue repairing, anti-ischemic, and anti-inflammatory. These therapeutic properties suggest its use in regenerative medicine and in diabetic foot ulcers. PDRN holds a mixture of deoxyribonucleotides with molecular weights ranging between 50 and 1,500 KDa, it is derived from a controlled purification and sterilization process of Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmon Trout) or Oncorhynchus keta (Chum Salmon) sperm DNA. The procedure guarantees the absence of active protein and peptides that may cause immune reactions. In vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that PDRN most relevant mechanism of action is the engagement of adenosine A2A receptors. Besides engaging the A2A receptor, PDRN offers nucleosides and nucleotides for the so called “salvage pathway.” The binding to adenosine A2A receptors is a unique property of PDRN and seems to be linked to DNA origin, molecular weight and manufacturing process. In this context, PDRN represents a new advancement in the pharmacotherapy. In fact adenosine and dipyridamole are non-selective activators of adenosine receptors and they may cause unwanted side effects; while regadenoson, the only other A2A receptor agonist available, has been approved by the FDA as a pharmacological stress agent in myocardial perfusion imaging. Finally, defibrotide, another drug composed by a mixture of oligonucleotides, has different molecular weight, a DNA of different origin and does not share the same wound healing stimulating effects of PDRN. The present review analyses the more relevant experimental and clinical evidences carried out to characterize PDRN therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of MessinaMessina, Italy
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17
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Ali BH, Al Balushi KA, Ashique M, Shalaby A, Al Kindi MA, Adham SA, Karaca T, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Nemmar A. Chronic Water-Pipe Smoke Exposure Induces Injurious Effects to Reproductive System in Male Mice. Front Physiol 2017; 8:158. [PMID: 28420996 PMCID: PMC5378788 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a global increase in the popularity of water-pipe tobacco smoking including in Europe and North America. Nevertheless, little is known about the male reproductive effects of water-pipe smoke (WPS), especially after long-term exposure. Here, we assessed effects of WPS exposure (30 min/day) in male mice for 6 months. Control mice were exposed to air-only for the same period of time. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, testicular histopathology, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the tyrosine-protein kinase vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) were assessed in testicular homogenates. Moreover, plasma testosterone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were also measured. Chronic WPS exposure induced a significant decrease of testosterone and estradiol, and a slight but significant increase of LH. Glutathione reductase, catalase, and ascorbic acid were significantly decreased following WPS exposure. Plasma concentration of leptin was significantly decreased by WPS exposure, whereas that of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6 was significantly increased. Histopathological analysis of the testes revealed the presence of a marked reduction in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules with reduced spermatogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy examination showed irregular thickening and wrinkling of the basement membranes with abnormal shapes and structures of the spermatozoa. VEGFR1 was overexpressed in the testis of the mice exposed to WPS and was not detected in the control. The urine concentration of cotinine, the predominant metabolite of nicotine, was significantly increased in the WPS-exposed group compared with the control group. We conclude that chronic exposure to WPS induces damaging effects to the reproductive system in male mice. If this can be confirmed in humans, it would be an additional concern to an already serious public health problem, especially with the increased use of WPS use all over the world, especially in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Khalid A Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Mohammed Ashique
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Asem Shalaby
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Mohammed A Al Kindi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Sirin A Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl Khod, Oman
| | - Turan Karaca
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TrakyaEdirne, Turkey
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Arena S, Iacona R, Antonuccio P, Russo T, Salvo V, Gitto E, Impellizzeri P, Romeo C. Medical perspective in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2115-2122. [PMID: 28565817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is one of the most serious urological conditions. It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to male subfertility. The turning of the spermatic cord and spermatic structures around themselves results in biochemical and histological changes; however, following testicular detorsion, tissues undergo reperfusion that causes more severe damage than that induced by ischemia. Since the primary causes of testicular damage are reactive oxygen species production, an increase in intra-mitochondrial calcium concentration and an increased rate of cellular apoptosis, different medications may potentially be effective. It seems that several medications, experimentally and sometimes clinically, serve an adjuvant role in the cellular damage that occurs following ischemia-reperfusion. Antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, phytotherapeutical medicinals, anaesthetics, hormones and platelet inhibitors may potentially create a solid basis for an adjuvant restoring therapy and ameliorate testicular function following torsion. The current study aimed to review the relevant literature and discuss the actions of a number of molecules that may protect the testes during ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Arena
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacona
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Tiziana Russo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salvo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eloisa Gitto
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Neonatal and Intensive Care Unit, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Pietro Impellizzeri
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age 'Gaetano Barresi', Unit of Paediatric Surgery, University of Messina, I-98125 Messina, Italy
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Squadrito F, Micali A, Rinaldi M, Irrera N, Marini H, Puzzolo D, Pisani A, Lorenzini C, Valenti A, Laurà R, Germanà A, Bitto A, Pizzino G, Pallio G, Altavilla D, Minutoli L. Polydeoxyribonucleotide, an Adenosine-A2 A Receptor Agonist, Preserves Blood Testis Barrier from Cadmium-Induced Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 7:537. [PMID: 28119612 PMCID: PMC5222826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) impairs blood-testis barrier (BTB). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an adenosine A2A agonist, has positive effects on male reproductive system. We investigated the effects of PDRN on the morphological and functional changes induced by Cd in mice testes. Adult Swiss mice were divided into four groups: controls administered with 0.9% NaCl (1 ml/kg, i.p., daily) or with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p. daily), animals challenged with Cd chloride (CdCl2; 2 mg/kg, i.p, daily) and animals challenged with CdCl2 (2 mg/kg, i.p., daily) and treated with PDRN (8 mg/kg, i.p., daily). Experiments lasted 14 days. Testes were processed for biochemical, structural, and ultrastructural evaluation and hormones were assayed in serum. CdCl2 increased pERK 1/2 expression and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) levels; it decreased testosterone (TE) and inhibin-B levels and induced structural damages in extratubular compartment and in seminiferous epithelium, with ultrastructural features of BTB disruption. Many TUNEL-positive germ cells were present. CdCl2 increased tubular TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and reduced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. PDRN administration reduced pERK 1/2 expression, FSH, and LH levels; it increased TE and inhibin-B levels, ameliorated germinal epithelium changes and protected BTB ultrastructure. Few TUNEL-positive germ cells were present and the extratubular compartment was preserved. Furthermore, PDRN decreased TGF-β3 immunoreactivity and enhanced claudin-11, occludin, and N-cadherin immunoreactivity. We demonstrate a protective effect of PDRN on Cd-induced damages of BTB and suggest that PDRN may play an important role against Cd, particularly against its harmful effects on gametogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Rinaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Herbert Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Pisani
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Cesare Lorenzini
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Valenti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Laurà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina Messina, Italy
| | - Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina Messina, Italy
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20
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ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2183026. [PMID: 27127546 PMCID: PMC4835650 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2183026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) causes a reduction in arterial blood supply to tissues, followed by the restoration of perfusion and consequent reoxygenation. The reestablishment of blood flow triggers further damage to the ischemic tissue through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, interference with cellular ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses to cell death. In normal conditions, ROS mediate important beneficial responses. When their production is prolonged or elevated, harmful events are observed with peculiar cellular changes. In particular, during I/R, ROS stimulate tissue inflammation and induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanisms underlying the activation of NLRP3 are several and not completely elucidated. It was recently shown that NLRP3 might sense directly the presence of ROS produced by normal or malfunctioning mitochondria or indirectly by other activators of NLRP3. Aim of the present review is to describe the current knowledge on the role of NLRP3 in some organs (brain, heart, kidney, and testis) after I/R injury, with particular regard to the role played by ROS in its activation. Furthermore, as no specific therapy for the prevention or treatment of the high mortality and morbidity associated with I/R is available, the state of the art of the development of novel therapeutic approaches is illustrated.
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Liu G, Chen XI, Zhou WU, Yang S, Ye S, Cao F, Liu YI, Xiong Y. Preparation of a novel composite nanofiber gel-encapsulated human placental extract through layer-by-layer self-assembly. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1447-1452. [PMID: 27073463 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous human placenta extract (HPE) has been previously used to treat chronic soft tissue ulcer; however, the optimal dosage of HPE has yet to be elucidated. The present study investigated a novel nanofiber gel composed through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly, in which HPE was encapsulated. IKVAV, RGD, RAD16 and FGL-PA were screened and combined to produce an optimal vehicle nanofiber gel through LbL assembly. Subsequently, the aqueous HPE was encapsulated into this nanofiber at the appropriate concentration, and the morphology, particle size, drug loading efficacy, encapsulation rate, release efficiency and structure validation were detected. The encapsulation efficiency of all three HPE samples was >90%, the nanofiber gel exhibited a slow releasing profile, and the structure of HPE encapsulated in the nanofiber gel was unvaried. In conclusion, this type of novel composite nanocapsules may offer a promising delivery system for HPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - X I Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - W U Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shunan Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Faqi Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Y I Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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22
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Minutoli L, Antonuccio P, Irrera N, Rinaldi M, Bitto A, Marini H, Pizzino G, Romeo C, Pisani A, Santoro G, Puzzolo D, Magno C, Squadrito F, Micali A, Altavilla D. NLRP3 Inflammasome Involvement in the Organ Damage and Impaired Spermatogenesis Induced by Testicular Ischemia and Reperfusion in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:370-80. [PMID: 26407722 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome during testis ischemia and reperfusion injury (TI/R) in wild-type (WT) and NLRP3 knock-out (KO) mice. WT and KO mice underwent 1 hour testicular ischemia followed by 4 hours and 1 and 7 days of reperfusion or a sham TI/R. Furthermore, two groups of WT mice were treated at the beginning of reperfusion and up to 7 days with two inflammasome inhibitors, BAY 11-7082 (20 mg/kg i.p.) or Brilliant Blue G (45.5 mg/kg i.p.), or vehicle. Animals were killed with a pentobarbital sodium overdose at 4 hours and 1 and 7 days, and bilateral orchidectomies were performed. Biochemical and morphologic studies were carried out in all groups. TI/R in WT mice significantly increased caspase-1 and interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA after 4 hours and IL-18 mRNA at 1 day of reperfusion (P ≤ 0.05). There was also a significant increase in caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-deoxyuridine nick-end labeling-positive cells, marked histologic damage, and altered spermatogenesis in WT mice in both testes after 1 and 7 days of reperfusion. KO TI/R mice, WT TI/R BAY 11-7082, and Brilliant Blue G treated mice showed a significant reduced IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA expression, blunted caspase-1 and -3 expression, minor histologic damages, low terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-deoxyuridine nick-end labeling activity, and preserved spermatogenesis. These data suggest that the activation of NLRP3 plays a key role in TI/R, and its inhibition might represent a therapeutic target for the management of patients with unilateral testicular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letteria Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Pietro Antonuccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Mariagrazia Rinaldi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Herbert Marini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Carmelo Romeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Antonina Pisani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Santoro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Domenico Puzzolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Carlo Magno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Antonio Micali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (L.M., N.I., M.R., A.B., H.M., G.P., F.S.); Department of Paediatric, Gynaecological, Microbiological, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (P.A., C.R., D.A.); Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (A.P., G.S., D.P., A.M.); and Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", Messina, Italy (C.M.)
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Abstract
Testicular torsion is a urological emergency most commonly seen in adolescence, involving a decrease in blood flow in the testis resulting from torsion of the spermatic cord that can result in gonad injury or even loss if not treated in time. Testicular ischaemia-reperfusion injury represents the principle pathophysiology of testicular torsion, with ischaemia caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, and reperfusion on its subsequent release. Many cellular and molecular mechanisms are involved in ischaemia-reperfusion injury following testicular torsion. Studies have investigated the use of pharmacological agents as supportive therapy to surgical repair in order to prevent the adverse effects of testicular torsion. Numerous substances have been proposed as important in the prevention of post-ischaemia-reperfusion testicular injury. A range of chemicals and drugs has been successfully tested in animal models for the purpose of mitigating the dangerous effects of ischaemia-reperfusion in testis torsion.
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Minutoli L, Irrera N, Squadrito F, Marini H, Nicotina PA, Arena S, Romeo C, Antonuccio P, Altavilla D. Effects of ischaemic post-conditioning on the early and late testicular damage after experimental testis ischaemia-reperfusion. Andrology 2013; 2:76-82. [PMID: 24282156 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemic post-conditioning (IPostC) might represent an innovative surgical approach to protect organs from ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the contrasting effects of IPostC on the early and late damage induced by testicular I/R injury. Testis I/R was induced by occluding the right testicular vessels using a clip. Male rats were divided into the following groups: sham, I/R and I/R + IPostC. In the I/R group, the clip was removed after 60 min of ischaemia, and reperfusion was allowed for 30 min, 1 and 30 days. In the I/R + IPostC group, three cycles of 30-sec reperfusion and 30-sec ischaemia were performed after 60 min of ischaemia and then reperfusion followed up for 30 min, 1 and 30 days. Following 30-min reperfusion, there was an increase in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in I/R rats; after 1 day of reperfusion, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were significantly increased; IκB-α expression reduced; and a marked damage in both testes was observed. IPostC inhibited MAPKs, cytokines and NF-κB expression, augmented IκB-α expression and decreased histological damage in testes subjected to I/R. After 30 days of reperfusion, I/R injury activated the apoptosis machinery, caused severe histological damage and reduced spermatogenic activity. By contrast, IPostC did not modify the apoptotic markers, the histological alterations as well as spermatogenic activity following 30 days of reperfusion. Our data demonstrate that IPostC protects the testis from the early damage induced by I/R injury, but it does not protect against the late damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Minutoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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25
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Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and TATA Box-binding Protein-related Factor 2 in Testicular Torsion/Detorsion-induced Injury. Urology 2013; 81:466.e9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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