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Sen CK. Standardized Wound Care: Patchwork Practices? Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2024. [PMID: 38940743 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2024.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Standardized care is crucial in health care for ensuring consistent, safe, high-quality, efficient, and evidence-based practices. Care pathways that standardize procedures promote adherence to best practices, reduce variability in treatment, and encourage collaboration among health care teams. This approach ultimately improves patient outcomes, enhances safety, and boosts the overall effectiveness of health care services. However, despite these benefits being widespread across most of the U.S. health care system, wound care stands out as an area where standards can vary significantly. The inconsistency in wound care standards in the United States can be traced to several factors. These include limited structured clinical wound care education, the discretion of health care providers in different business environments, differences in wound care settings, varying access to advanced treatments and technology, patient demographics and socioeconomic status, as well as differences in state laws and regional or institutional practices. Addressing these disparities requires a comprehensive approach that considers the complex interplay of the abovementioned factors. Active measures are needed to improve access, equity, and the quality of wound care services for all patients, regardless of where they live, their socioeconomic status, their health care coverage, or the business interests of providers and their institutions as well as of vendors marketing wound care products inconsistent with evidence-based practice. By understanding and actively addressing these factors, we can work toward achieving more standardized, evidence-based, and patient-centered practices in wound care across the nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandan K Sen
- PittMcGowan Wound Research Consortium, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lian Y, Anderson I, Atkin L, Gohel M. Compression therapy for NHS inpatients with leg ulcers: a literature review. J Wound Care 2023; 32:649-656. [PMID: 37830833 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2023.32.10.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leg ulcers are common, distressing and painful for patients, and are a significant financial burden to healthcare providers. Compression therapy is the mainstay of treatment for venous leg ulceration. Several studies have evaluated leg ulcer management and compression therapy in the community. However, little is known about the prevalence of leg ulceration and use of compression therapy in acute hospitals. The aim of this study was to explore the published literature on the use of compression therapy for inpatients with leg ulcers in UK National Health Service hospital settings. METHOD A literature search was undertaken to identify published papers reporting on inpatient leg ulcer populations and the use of compression therapy in hospitals using the following databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE Complete, Embase and PubMed. RESULTS The literature review identified 364 articles, of which three met the eligibility criteria. These studies reported on the prevalence of leg ulceration, the number of Doppler assessments conducted for patients and the use of compression therapy. CONCLUSION This review confirmed a lack of information on the prevalence of hospital inpatients with leg ulcers, and identified the need to conduct prevalence audits, establish leg ulcer services to streamline inpatient leg ulcer care and provide staff and patient education programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Lian
- Tissue Viability Team, Box 243 Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene Anderson
- University of Hertfordshire, School of Health and Social Work, Department of Nursing, Health and Wellbeing, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Leanne Atkin
- Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust, UK
- University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Manj Gohel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
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Janssen AHJ, Wegdam JA, de Vries Reilingh TS, Vermeulen H, Eskes AM. Which determinants are considered to be important for adherence to Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A multimethods study. J Tissue Viability 2021; 30:250-255. [PMID: 33581961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the extent of patients that choose to cease Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) prematurely in a clinical setting, and to explore the determinants of nonadherence. METHOD This study exists out of: (1) a retrospective study to assess the number of patients who ceased NPWT prematurely; (2) a narrative review (NR) to identify determinants of nonadherence; and (3) a survey among wound care specialists to explore specific determinants of nonadherence to NPWT. RESULTS (1) Based on the retrospective study, 20% ceased NPWT prematurely because of experienced limitations in daily activities. (2) Based on 22 studies, 23 determinants that might influence nonadherence were identified and added as questions in the survey. (3) Twenty-two percent (n = 136) wound care specialists completed the survey. Confidence with the healthcare team, consistency in therapy advices, coping with pain, former negative experiences with NPWT, a normal activity pattern, social support from family or friends, and support from the healthcare team were identified as highly relevant determinants of nonadherence to NPWT. Only religion scored distinctively lower. CONCLUSION This study is a first step in exploring the determinants of nonadherence to NPWT. In 20% NPWT was prematurely ceased at the request of the patient, this means that this therapy may have not been the best choice of therapy for this particular patient. The identification of potential determinants of nonadherence may help healthcare professionals in their dialogue with patients. The next step should be a prognostic study to assess which determinants best predict adherence to NPWT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hester Vermeulen
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare (IQ Healthcare) Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne M Eskes
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Klonizakis M, Gumber A, McIntosh E, King B, Middleton G, Michaels JA, Tew GA. Exercise fidelity and progression in a supervised exercise programme for adults with venous leg ulcers. Int Wound J 2018; 15:822-828. [PMID: 29877047 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite exercise being included in the recommended advice for patients with venous leg ulcers, there is a fear shared by clinicians and patients that exercise may be either inappropriate or harmful and actually delay rather than promote healing. Therefore, before implementing a larger-scale study exploring the effects of a supervised exercise programme in patients with venous ulcers being treated with compression therapy, it is important to assess exercise safety as well as fidelity and progression in a feasibility study. Eighteen participants randomised in the exercise group were asked to undertake 36 (3 times/week for 12 weeks) 60-min exercise sessions, each comprising moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercise components. For the purposes of this paper, we analysed the data collected during the exercise sessions. The overall session attendance rate was 79%, with 13 of 18 participants completing all sessions. No in-session adverse events were reported; 100% aerobic components and 91% of resistance components were completed within the desired moderate-intensity target. Similarly, 81% of aerobic components and 93% of flexibility components were completed within the prescribed duration targets. Our data showed that patients with venous ulcers could safely follow a supervised exercise programme incorporating moderate-intensity aerobic, resistance, and flexibility components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Klonizakis
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anil Gumber
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma McIntosh
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Brenda King
- Manor Clinic, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Geoff Middleton
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Jonathan A Michaels
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Garry A Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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The effect of a nurse-directed intervention to reduce pain and improve behavioral and physical outcomes in patients with critically colonized/infected chronic leg ulcers. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2015; 41:111-21. [PMID: 24413659 DOI: 10.1097/won.0000000000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared a WOC nurse-directed, patient-centered intervention called MECALF (motivational enhancement and conditioning activity for leg function) compared to conditioning activities for lower leg function (CALF) alone. Outcomes were study feasibility, pain, motivation, self-efficacy, physical activity, leg strength, and range of motion. DESIGN Comparative study. SUBJECTS AND SETTING The sample was drawn from 2 wound centers in the Southeastern United States. Twenty-one patients (n = 12 MECALF site A and n = 9 CALF site B) with painful lower legs and critically colonized/infected wounds participated in the study. METHODS All patients received usual wound care per center protocol. The MECALF intervention was delivered by WOC nurses for 6 weeks at site A and a handout of CALF depicting the conditioning activities was provided by site staff (not WOC nurses) to patients at site B. We assessed study feasibility with postsurvey questionnaires given to WOC nurses (training usefulness, ease of use of ME with patients) and subjects (able to perform activities, use logs). Pre- and postintervention outcome data were collected by study staff using pain, motivation, and self-efficacy scales, functional measures of physical activity, and physical measures of strength and range of motion. RESULTS The study was found to be somewhat feasible by the WOC nurses and patients. WOC nurses had time management problems using MECALF during usual patient care. Patients reported that they were able to perform CALF. Overall pain was statistically significantly reduced (P = .046) in both groups of patients with painful critically colonized/infected leg ulcers measured at week 8, 2 weeks after the study period. The CALF group experienced a slightly greater reduction in pain intensity than did the MECALF group. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed in behavioral outcomes for motivation (P = .641) and self-efficacy (P = .643), or for physical outcomes including overall ankle strength (P = .609) and ankle range of motion (P = .498). Functional and physical activity scores revealed no statistically significant differences in 3 measures, including Timed Up and Go test (P = .624), Timed Chair Standing Test (P = .686), or the Community Health Activities Model for Seniors (P = .803). CONCLUSION While somewhat feasible to implement in the wound care setting, no improvement in outcomes was observed with the addition of the WOC nurse-directed intervention. However, pain in the lower legs of patients with critically colonized/infected wounds in both groups improved after a 6-week behavioral/physical activity intervention. A larger trial is needed to further elucidate these findings.
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O'Donnell TF, Passman MA, Marston WA, Ennis WJ, Dalsing M, Kistner RL, Lurie F, Henke PK, Gloviczki ML, Eklöf BG, Stoughton J, Raju S, Shortell CK, Raffetto JD, Partsch H, Pounds LC, Cummings ME, Gillespie DL, McLafferty RB, Murad MH, Wakefield TW, Gloviczki P. Management of venous leg ulcers: clinical practice guidelines of the Society for Vascular Surgery ® and the American Venous Forum. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60:3S-59S. [PMID: 24974070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Brown A. Evaluating the reasons underlying treatment nonadherence in VLU patients: introducing the VeLUSET Part 1 of 2. J Wound Care 2014; 23:37, 40, 42-4, passim. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2014.23.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Brown
- East of England Strategic Health Authority, UK
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Knowledge Deficits and Information-Seeking Behavior in Leg Ulcer Patients. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2013; 40:381-7. [DOI: 10.1097/won.0b013e31829a2f4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Brown A. Life-style advice and self-care strategies for venous leg ulcer patients: what is the evidence? J Wound Care 2012; 21:342-4, 346, 348-50. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2012.21.7.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Brown
- East of England Strategic Health Authority, UK
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Fonseca C, Franco T, Ramos A, Silva C. A pessoa com úlcera de perna, intervenção estruturada dos cuidados de enfermagem: revisão sistemática da literatura. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2012; 46:480-6. [DOI: 10.1590/s0080-62342012000200029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identificar as intervenções de enfermagem à pessoa com úlcera de perna de origem venosa, arterial ou mista. Pesquisa efetuada no motor de busca EBSCO: CINAHL, MEDLINE, com base em artigos em texto integral, publicados entre 2000 e 2010, com os seguintes descritores: Leg* Ulcer* AND Nurs* AND Intervention*, filtrados mediante questão de partida em formato PICO. Simultaneamente, realizada pesquisa na National Guideline Clearinghouse, com a mesma orientação. Uma intervenção centrada na pessoa aumentou os resultados em saúde, variando os cuidados diretos à ferida consoante a etiologia. Como intervenções associadas à cicatrização da úlcera de perna de qualquer etiologia, destacou-se: relação terapêutica enfermeiro/cliente, individualização de cuidados e monitoramento da dor.
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Heinen M, Borm G, van der Vleuten C, Evers A, Oostendorp R, van Achterberg T. The Lively Legs self-management programme increased physical activity and reduced wound days in leg ulcer patients: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2012; 49:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hemodynamic effects of habituation to a week-long program of neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Med Eng Phys 2011; 34:459-65. [PMID: 21917497 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the calf muscles has been shown to cause instantaneous increases in venous outflow from the lower leg and could be used as an adjunct to current gold-standard compression therapies for the prevention of venous stasis and its related pathologies. However, little is known about the effects of NMES in combination with compression therapies on subject comfort, compliance and popliteal venous blood flow over the course of a week-long NMES protocol. This study aimed to assess the effects of a NMES and compression protocol for the prevention of venous stasis on the compliance, comfort and venous blood flow of healthy volunteers over the course of seven days. DESIGN Twenty-four healthy subjects were assigned to either a stimulation or control group. The stimulation group received 1.5 h of NMES daily while the control group received none. Daily measures of popliteal venous blood flow, subject compliance and comfort were recorded over 7 days. RESULTS Ejected blood flow volumes and peak velocities in the popliteal vein during NMES were sustained over a 30-min stimulation session and increased by approximately 100% over the course of seven days. Mean stimulation intensities increased progressively throughout the week, while perceived pain during NMES decreased significantly. Mean compliance to the 7-day protocol was 100%. CONCLUSION User habituation to a combined NMES and compression protocol resulted in significant increases in ejected venous volume and peak velocity over the course of 7 days. This resulted in the highest ejected venous volume reported from a single NMES induced contraction of the calf muscles to date which was twice the magnitude of values previously reported in the literature. These findings suggest that NMES based protocols applied over an extended period of days, weeks or months may provide greater hemodynamic effect for the prevention of venous stasis than previously observed during NMES sessions lasting less than a few hours.
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Van Hecke A, Goeman C, Beeckman D, Heinen M, Defloor T. Development and psychometric evaluation of an instrument to assess venous leg ulcer lifestyle knowledge among nurses. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67:2574-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Finlayson K, Edwards H, Courtney M. Relationships between preventive activities, psychosocial factors and recurrence of venous leg ulcers: a prospective study. J Adv Nurs 2011; 67:2180-90. [PMID: 21517938 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05653.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify relationships between preventive activities, psychosocial factors and leg ulcer recurrence in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. BACKGROUND Chronic venous leg ulcers are slow to heal and frequently recur, resulting in years of suffering and intensive use of healthcare resources. METHODS A prospective longitudinal study was undertaken with a sample of 80 patients with a venous leg ulcer recruited when their ulcer healed. Data were collected from 2006 to 2009 from medical records on demographics, medical history and ulcer history; and from self-report questionnaires on physical activity, nutrition, preventive activities and psychosocial measures. Follow-up data were collected via questionnaires every 3 months for 12 months after healing. Median time to recurrence was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to adjust for potential confounders and determine effects of preventive strategies and psychosocial factors on recurrence. RESULTS There were 35 recurrences in a sample of 80 participants. Median time to recurrence was 27 weeks. After adjustment for potential confounders, a Cox proportional hazards regression model found that at least an hour/day of leg elevation, 6 or more days/week in Class 2 (20-25 mmHg) or 3 (30-40 mmHg) compression hosiery, higher social support scale scores and higher General Self-Efficacy scores remained significantly associated (P < 0·05) with a lower risk of recurrence, while male gender and a history of deep vein thrombosis remained statistically significant risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION Results indicate that leg elevation, compression hosiery, high levels of self-efficacy and strong social support will help prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Finlayson
- Research Fellow Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
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Pieper B, Templin TN, Kirsner RS, Birk TJ. Injection-related venous disease and walking mobility. J Addict Dis 2011; 29:481-92. [PMID: 20924885 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2010.509275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Injection users are at risk for vascular injuries resulting in chronic venous disease (CVD). The authors examined walking mobility in relation to CVD for 713 individuals in methadone treatment. The authors used a cross-sectional, comparative design that was stratified on age, sex, ethnicity, and drug use. CVD was present in 92.3% of participants. The structural equation model supported the causal link between leg injection and CVD (.40, P<.001). The worse the mobility, the greater was the CVD classification (-.21, P<.001). CVD had an indirect effect on mobility through pain. CVD and pain need to be considered when assessing mobility in illicit drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pieper
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Processes underlying adherence to leg ulcer treatment: A qualitative field study. Int J Nurs Stud 2011; 48:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Van Hecke A, Grypdonck M, Beele H, Vanderwee K, Defloor T. Adherence to leg ulcer lifestyle advice: qualitative and quantitative outcomes associated with a nurse-led intervention. J Clin Nurs 2011; 20:429-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03546.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pieper B, Templin TN, Kirsner RS, Birk TJ. The impact of vascular leg disorders on physical activity in methadone-maintained adults. Res Nurs Health 2010; 33:426-40. [PMID: 20672307 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous disorders (CVD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may affect diverse physical activity domains. How CVD and PAD and other relevant variables affect physical activity was examined in 569 opioid-addicted adults. Both CVD and PAD were significantly inversely related to daily walking, sports, and active living. Effects remained significant in the latent variable regression after controlling covariates. Overall activity was very low; most participants walked less than a half mile daily and rarely engaged in sports. Motivation for physical activity was the strongest predictor (β = .55) of daily physical activity. Health-care professionals promoting physical activity for injection users should consider the vascular health of their legs and motivational variables in addition to general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pieper
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Finlayson K, Edwards H, Courtney M. The impact of psychosocial factors on adherence to compression therapy to prevent recurrence of venous leg ulcers. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:1289-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Hecke A, Grypdonck M, Defloor T. A review of why patients with leg ulcers do not adhere to treatment. J Clin Nurs 2009; 18:337-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Woo K, Sibbald G, Fogh K, Glynn C, Krasner D, Leaper D, Osterbrink J, Price P, Teot L. Assessment and management of persistent (chronic) and total wound pain. Int Wound J 2008; 5:205-15. [PMID: 18494626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2008.00483.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent (chronic) wound-related pain is a common experience that requires appropriate assessment and treatment. It is no longer adequate for health care professionals to concentrate on the acute (temporary) pain during dressing change alone. The study provides useful recommendations and statements for assessing and managing total wound-related pain for patients, health care professionals and other policymakers. The recommendations have been developed with the involvement of an interprofessional panel of health care professionals from around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Woo
- Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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