Self-efficacy with application to adolescent smoking cessation: a concept analysis

Effect of Additional Motivational Interviewing on Smoking Abstinence for 1-Year among Korean Adolescents: Results from A Comparative Retrospective Study in Quitline

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional motivational enhancement through telephone-based counseling on short- and long-term smoking abstinence among Korean adolescents.

METHODS

A comparative retrospective study was conducted based on the longitudinal follow up in Quitline from 2010 to 2017. A total of 533 and 178 adolescent smokers voluntarily participated in the 1-year quitting counseling only (group A, who were ready to quit) and the additional 4-week motivational interviewing before 1-year quitting counseling (group B, who were ambivalent about quitting), respectively. The outcomes were self-reported continuous abstinence at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect of potential factors, including motivational enhancement, on cessation outcome.

RESULTS

At baseline, adolescents in group B had a lower motivation to quit than those in group A (p < 0.001). The successful quit rates at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up were 37.2%, 12.8%, and 11.4% in group A and 33.7%, 15.2%, and 11.2% in group B, respectively. After adjusting factors as appropriate, successful quit rates in group B were not significantly different from the rates in group A. Higher self-efficacy increased the successful quit rate at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year follow up, similar in subgroup analysis by gender. Never-drinking showed significant association with 30-day successful quit in the whole population and among boys. The lower number of smoking triggers was associated with an increased 30-day successful quit rate among boys only.

CONCLUSIONS

Counseling for motivational enhancement could be a promising approach for better quitting outcomes. Improving self-efficacy and eliminating smoking triggers should be continuously strengthened during the quitting process.

Determining the Effect of Two Different Approaches to Orientation on Self-Efficacy in Inexperienced Nurses

Self-efficacy is an extensively studied, yet underutilized, indicator of the effectiveness of current education, the measurement of which could contribute to planning the direction of future education. An efficacy expectation is the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcomes (Bandura, 1977). This article presents the results of a study that compared the self-reported self-efficacy of newly hired nurses before and after a nurse residency program.

The Effect of a "Class Smoke Free Pledge" on Breath Carbon Monoxide in Arabic Male Adolescents

Introduction

Arabic male adolescents have a high smoking prevalence. Introduction of "Class smoke-free" pledges have been successful amongst European adolescents but have not been evaluated using objective valid measures. We tested the impact of adding a smoke free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma and smoking prevention program on breath carbon monoxide level (BCO) in male high-school students in Jordan.

Methods

We enrolled male students from four high-schools in Irbid, Jordan. Schools were randomly assigned to receive either TAJ (Triple A in Jordan, n = 218) or TAJ-Plus (with added class smoke-free pledge, n = 215). We hypothesized that students receiving TAJ-Plus would have greater reduction in BCO levels than those only receiving the TAJ intervention. Asthma and smoking status were assessed by self-administered questionnaires. Smoking outcomes were collected using a BCO Monitor.

Results

Both groups had significant reductions in BCO levels post-intervention (p < .0001), however, decreases were greater in TAJ-Plus group (3.9 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.2, p < .0001). Intervention effects on BCO over time did not vary by smoking status (p = .085), asthma status (p = .602), or a combination of the two (p = .702).

Conclusions

An added smoke-free pledge strategy to a proven peer-led asthma education program appears to be a promising approach to motivate adolescents to abstain from smoking in Jordan. Future research is required to determine if these results can be extended to Jordanian adolescent females.

Implications

A commitment by students via a "class smoke-free" pledge can be an added incentive to motivate adolescents in Arabic-speaking countries to abstain from smoking. Social influence approaches in schools can be useful in countering the aggressive tobacco marketing campaigns targeting Jordanian and other Arabic-speaking youth. The combination of "class smoke-free" pledges and an evidence-based peer-led asthma and smoking education can be implemented in schools to influence adolescents with asthma to abstain from smoking.

Experiences of adult smokers from the concepts of smoking: A content analysis

BACKGROUND

Smoking cigarettes is a risk factor for many physical and mental diseases. About five million people die of smoking every year. Understanding the concept of cigarette smoking can help people develop their knowledge with regard to smoking. A qualitative research seems essential to detect these concepts. Therefore, the present study aims to take into account the experience of adult smokers with regard to the concept of smoking.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This is a qualitative content analysis study conducted on 12 smokers in four selected cities in Iran. Data were collected by in-depth, semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and simultaneously coded. Subsequently, they were analyzed using the content analysis method.

RESULTS

In the present study, eight concepts (themes), 22 subcategories, and 81 codes have emerged. The obtained concepts are physics of a cigarette, addiction and dependency, habit, feel the need, pleasure, seeking peace, mental involvement, and self-induction.

CONCLUSIONS

The participants' experiences with regard to cigarette smoking can affect their understanding of the concepts of smoking. The understanding of these concepts by nurses and smokers can enhance their knowledge about the existing facts of smoking, which can act as a foundation for designing preventive methods and smoking cessation programs.

Self-efficacy with application to nursing education: a concept analysis

TOPIC

Concept analysis and self-efficacy.

PURPOSE

This article analyzes the concept self-efficacy and its relationship to nursing education using Walker and Avant's methodology.

SOURCES

Published literature.

CONCLUSION

Nursing literature suggests increasing students' perceived self-efficacy will help to narrow the theory-practice gap. Self-efficacy is a cognitive variable that affects performance behaviors and affective processes. Perceived self-efficacy can be influenced by a direct experience, vicarious experience, or verbal persuasion. Individuals with high levels of self-efficacy demonstrate the defining attributes of confidence, perceived capability, and perseverance.

Role of quit supporters and other factors associated with smoking abstinence in adolescent smokers: a prospective study on Quitline users in the Republic of Korea

The aim of this study elucidated the effectiveness of Quitline among adolescent smokers, as well as other factors associated with adolescent smoking cessation in the Republic of Korea. For 642 adolescent Quitline users aged 13-19 years, the information on demographic characteristics, smoking and cessation related factors, and cessation outcome was collected. Cox proportional hazard models were applied. 13.4% of boys and 6.6% of girls maintained smoking cessation for 1 year. Having a high level of self-efficacy had a preventive effect on relapse in both genders. Boys with parents or other family members as quit supporters, and boys with a higher number of past cessation attempts, were more likely to relapse. It was even more pronounced among boys who reported low self-efficacy. Relapse was increased with marginal significance among girls with parents or other family members as quit supporters. It is evident that Quitline is an effective way to encourage adolescent smoking cessation in Korea. Reinforcing self-efficacy and enhancing the cooperative behaviors of parents or other family member quit supporters could be additional contributors for maintaining cessation among adolescent smokers who want to quit.

Professional excellence and career advancement in nursing: a conceptual framework for clinical leadership development

Increasingly, stakeholders in the health care community are recognizing nursing as key to solving the nation's health care issues. This acknowledgment provides a unique opportunity for nursing to demonstrate leadership by developing clinical nurse leaders to collaborate with the multidisciplinary care team in driving evidence-based, safe quality, cost-effective health care services. One approach for nursing success is standardizing the entry-level education for nurses and developing a uniform professional development and career advancement trajectory with appropriate incentives to encourage participation. A framework to guide and provide scientific evidence of how frontline nurses can be engaged will be paramount. The model for professional excellence and career advancement provides a framework that offers a clear path for researchers to examine variables influencing nurses' professional development and career advancement in a systematic manner. Professional Excellence and Career Advancement in Nursing underscores professional preparedness of a registered nurse as central to leadership development. It also describes the elements that influence nurses' participation in professional development and career advancement under 4 main categories emphasizing mentorship and self-efficacy as essential variables.

Peer-led education for adolescents with asthma in Jordan: a cluster-randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVES

To determine the impact of a peer-led education program, developed in Australia, on health-related outcomes in high school students with asthma in Jordan.

METHODS

In this cluster-randomized controlled trial, 4 high schools in Irbid, Jordan, were randomly assigned to receive the Adolescent Asthma Action program or standard practice. Bilingual health workers trained 24 peer leaders from Year 11 to deliver asthma education to younger peers from Year 10 (n = 92), who in turn presented brief asthma skits to students in Years 8 and 9 (n = 148) and to other members of the school community in the intervention schools. Students with asthma (N = 261) in Years 8, 9, and 10 completed baseline surveys in December 2006 and 3 months after the intervention.

RESULTS

Students from the intervention group reported clinically significant improvements in health-related quality of life (mean difference: 1.35 [95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.76]), self-efficacy to resist smoking (mean difference: 4.63 [95% confidence interval: 2.93-6.35]), and knowledge of asthma self- management (mean difference: 1.62 [95% confidence interval: 1.15-2.19]) compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This trial demonstrated that the Adolescent Asthma Action program can be readily adapted to suit different cultures and contexts. Adolescents in Jordan were successful in teaching their peers about asthma self-management and motivating them to avoid smoking. The findings revealed that peer education can be a useful strategy for health promotion programs in Jordanian schools when students are given the opportunity and training.