1
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Breininger DR, Carter GM, Legare SA, Payne WV, Stolen ED, Breininger DJ, Lyon JE. Multistate modeling of Florida scrub‐jay adult survival and breeding transitions. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Breininger
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC NASA Environmental and Medical Contract Kennedy Space Center Florida USA
| | - Geoffrey M. Carter
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC NASA Environmental and Medical Contract Kennedy Space Center Florida USA
| | - Stephanie A. Legare
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC NASA Environmental and Medical Contract Kennedy Space Center Florida USA
| | - William V. Payne
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC NASA Environmental and Medical Contract Kennedy Space Center Florida USA
| | - Eric D. Stolen
- Herndon Solutions Group, LLC NASA Environmental and Medical Contract Kennedy Space Center Florida USA
| | | | - James E. Lyon
- Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge Titusville Florida USA
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2
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Implications of Non-ideal Occupancy for the Measurement of Territory Quality. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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3
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Bradter U, Ozgul A, Griesser M, Layton‐Matthews K, Eggers J, Singer A, Sandercock BK, Haverkamp PJ, Snäll T. Habitat suitability models based on opportunistic citizen science data: Evaluating forecasts from alternative methods versus an individual‐based model. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Bradter
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Biology University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Kate Layton‐Matthews
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Tromsø Norway
| | - Jeannette Eggers
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Forest Resource Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Alexander Singer
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Brett K. Sandercock
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway
| | - Paul J. Haverkamp
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Tord Snäll
- SLU Swedish Species Information Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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4
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Tong X, Ding YY, Deng JY, Wang R, Chen XY. Source-sink dynamics assists the maintenance of a pollinating wasp. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4695-4707. [PMID: 34347898 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal that unites spatially subdivided populations into a metapopulation with source-sink dynamics is crucial for species persistence in fragmented landscapes. Understanding such dynamics for pollinators is particularly urgent owing to the ongoing global pollination crisis. Here, we investigated the population structure and source-sink dynamics of a pollinating wasp (Wiebesia sp. 3) of Ficus pumila in the Zhoushan Archipelago of China. We found significant asymmetry in the pairwise migrant numbers for 22 of 28 cases on the historical timescale, but only two on the contemporary timescale. Despite a small population size, the sole island not colonized by a superior competitor wasp (Wiebesia sp. 1) consistently behaved as a net exporter of migrants, supplying large sinks. Comparable levels of genetic diversity, with few private alleles and low genetic differentiation (total Fst : 0.03; pairwise Fst : 0.0005-0.0791), were revealed among all the islands. There was a significant isolation-by-distance pattern caused mainly by migration between the competition-free island and other islands, otherwise the pattern was negligible. The clustering analysis failed to detect multiple gene pools for the whole region. Thus, the sinks were most probably organized into a patchy population. Moreover, the estimates of effective population sizes were comparable between the two timescales. Thus the source-sink dynamics embedded within a well-connected population network may allow Wiebesia sp. 3 to persist at a competitive disadvantage. This study provides evidence that metapopulations in the real world may be complicated and changeable over time, highlighting the necessity to study such metapopulations in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ding
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Yin Deng
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chen
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China
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5
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Layton-Matthews K, Griesser M, Coste CFD, Ozgul A. Forest management affects seasonal source-sink dynamics in a territorial, group-living bird. Oecologia 2021; 196:399-412. [PMID: 34061249 PMCID: PMC8241677 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of wildlife populations is under threat as a consequence of human activities, which are degrading natural ecosystems. Commercial forestry is the greatest threat to biodiversity in boreal forests. Forestry practices have degraded most available habitat, threatening the persistence of natural populations. Understanding population responses is, therefore, critical for their conservation. Population viability analyses are effective tools to predict population persistence under forestry management. However, quantifying the mechanisms driving population responses is complex as population dynamics vary temporally and spatially. Metapopulation dynamics are governed by local dynamics and spatial factors, potentially mediating the impacts of forestry e.g., through dispersal. Here, we performed a seasonal, spatially explicit population viability analysis, using long-term data from a group-living territorial bird (Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus). We quantified the effects of forest management on metapopulation dynamics, via forest type-specific demography and spatially explicit dispersal, and how forestry impacted the stability of metapopulation dynamics. Forestry reduced metapopulation growth and stability, through negative effects on reproduction and survival. Territories in higher quality natural forest contributed more to metapopulation dynamics than managed forests, largely through demographic processes rather than dispersal. Metapopulation dynamics in managed forest were also less resilient to disturbances and consequently, may be more vulnerable to environmental change. Seasonal differences in source-sink dynamics observed in managed forest, but not natural forests, were caused by associated seasonal differences in dispersal. As shown here, capturing seasonal source-sink dynamics allows us to predict population persistence under human disturbance and to provide targeted conservation recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Layton-Matthews
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christophe F D Coste
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Klein J, Haverkamp PJ, Lindberg E, Griesser M, Eggers S. Remotely sensed forest understory density and nest predator occurrence interact to predict suitable breeding habitat and the occurrence of a resident boreal bird species. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:2238-2252. [PMID: 32128152 PMCID: PMC7042737 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat suitability models (HSM) based on remotely sensed data are useful tools in conservation work. However, they typically use species occurrence data rather than robust demographic variables, and their predictive power is rarely evaluated. These shortcomings can result in misleading guidance for conservation. Here, we develop and evaluate a HSM based on correlates of long-term breeding success of an open nest building boreal forest bird, the Siberian jay. In our study site in northern Sweden, nest failure of this permanent resident species is driven mainly by visually hunting corvids that are associated with human settlements. Parents rely on understory nesting cover as protection against these predators. Accordingly, our HSM includes a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) based metric of understory density around the nest and the distance of the nest to the closest human settlement to predict breeding success. It reveals that a high understory density 15-80 m around nests is associated with increased breeding success in territories close to settlements (<1.5 km). Farther away from human settlements breeding success is highest at nest sites with a more open understory providing a favorable warmer microclimate. We validated this HSM by comparing the predicted breeding success with landscape-wide census data on Siberian jay occurrence. The correlation between breeding success and occurrence was strong up to 40 km around the study site. However, the HSM appears to overestimate breeding success in regions with a milder climate and therefore higher corvid numbers. Our findings suggest that maintaining patches of small diameter trees may provide a cost-effective way to restore the breeding habitat for Siberian jays up to 1.5 km from human settlements. This distance is expected to increase in the warmer, southern, and coastal range of the Siberian jay where the presence of other corvids is to a lesser extent restricted to settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Klein
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Paul J. Haverkamp
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Forest Resource ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sönke Eggers
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
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7
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Bradter U, Mair L, Jönsson M, Knape J, Singer A, Snäll T. Can opportunistically collected Citizen Science data fill a data gap for habitat suitability models of less common species? Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Bradter
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Louise Mair
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Mari Jönsson
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jonas Knape
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Alexander Singer
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tord Snäll
- Swedish Species Information CentreSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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8
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Layton-Matthews K, Ozgul A, Griesser M. The interacting effects of forestry and climate change on the demography of a group-living bird population. Oecologia 2018; 186:907-918. [PMID: 29492692 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic degradation of natural habitats is a global driver of wildlife population declines. Local population responses to such environmental perturbations are generally well understood, but in socially structured populations, interactions between environmental and social factors may influence population responses. Thus, understanding how habitat degradation affects the dynamics of these populations requires simultaneous consideration of social and environmental mechanisms underlying demographic responses. Here we investigated the effect of habitat degradation through commercial forestry on spatiotemporal dynamics of a group-living bird, the Siberian jay, Perisoreus infaustus, in boreal forests of northern Sweden. We assessed the interacting effects of forestry, climate and population density on stage-specific, seasonal life-history rates and population dynamics, using long-term, individual-based demographic data from 70 territories in natural and managed forests. Stage-specific survival and reproductive rates, and consequently population growth, were lower in managed forests than in natural forests. Population growth was most sensitive to breeder survival and was more sensitive to early dispersing juveniles than those delaying dispersal. Forestry decreased population growth in managed forests by reducing reproductive success and breeder survival. Increased snow depth improved winter survival, and warmer spring temperatures enhanced reproductive success, particularly in natural forests. Population growth was stable in natural forests but it was declining in managed forests, and this difference accelerated under forecasted climate scenarios. Thus, climatic change could exacerbate the rate of forestry-induced population decline through reduced snow cover in our study species, and in other species with similar life-history characteristics and habitat requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Layton-Matthews
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Griesser
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Carvajal MA, Alaniz AJ, Smith-Ramírez C, Sieving KE. Assessing habitat loss and fragmentation and their effects on population viability of forest specialist birds: Linking biogeographical and population approaches. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Carvajal
- Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente - Ecogeografía; Santiago Chile
| | - Alberto J. Alaniz
- Centro de Estudios en Ecología Espacial y Medio Ambiente - Ecogeografía; Santiago Chile
- Departamento de Recursos Naturales Renovables; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Cecilia Smith-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad; Universidad de Los Lagos; Osorno Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad - Chile (IEB); Santiago Chile
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - Kathryn E. Sieving
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
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10
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Griesser M, Mourocq E, Barnaby J, Bowgen KM, Eggers S, Fletcher K, Kozma R, Kurz F, Laurila A, Nystrand M, Sorato E, Ekman J. Experience buffers extrinsic mortality in a group-living bird species. OIKOS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Griesser
- Dept of Anthropology; Univ. of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Emeline Mourocq
- Dept of Anthropology; Univ. of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Inst. of Ecology and Evolution, Univ. of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Barnaby
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Katharine M. Bowgen
- Dept of Life and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth Univ., Dorset, UK. - F. Kurz; Freiburg Germany
| | - Sönke Eggers
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash Univ.; VIC Australia
| | - Kevin Fletcher
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Radoslav Kozma
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Franziska Kurz
- Dept of Life and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth Univ., Dorset, UK. - F. Kurz; Freiburg Germany
| | - Anssi Laurila
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Magdalena Nystrand
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
- Dept of Ecology; Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | | | - Jan Ekman
- Dept of Ecology and Genetics; Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala Univ.; Uppsala Sweden
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11
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Griesser M, Wagner GF, Drobniak SM, Ekman J. Reproductive trade-offs in a long-lived bird species: condition-dependent reproductive allocation maintains female survival and offspring quality. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:782-795. [PMID: 28135017 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Life history theory is an essential framework to understand the evolution of reproductive allocation. It predicts that individuals of long-lived species favour their own survival over current reproduction, leading individuals to refrain from reproducing under harsh conditions. Here we test this prediction in a long-lived bird species, the Siberian jay Perisoreus infaustus. Long-term data revealed that females rarely refrain from breeding, but lay smaller clutches in unfavourable years. Neither offspring body size, female survival nor offspring survival until the next year was influenced by annual condition, habitat quality, clutch size, female age or female phenotype. Given that many nests failed due to nest predation, the variance in the number of fledglings was higher than the variance in the number of eggs and female survival. An experimental challenge with a novel pathogen before egg laying largely replicated these patterns in two consecutive years with contrasting conditions. Challenged females refrained from breeding only in the unfavourable year, but no downstream effects were found in either year. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that condition-dependent reproductive allocation may serve to maintain female survival and offspring quality, supporting patterns found in long-lived mammals. We discuss avenues to develop life history theory concerning strategies to offset reproductive costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Griesser
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - G F Wagner
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S M Drobniak
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - J Ekman
- Department of Ecology and Genetic/Population Biology and Conservation Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Dale S, Bøhn K. Trends in the Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus, Populations in Southern Norway in Relation to Forestry, Climate Change and other Corvid Species. ANN ZOOL FENN 2016. [DOI: 10.5735/086.053.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svein Dale
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Kristoffer Bøhn
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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13
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Brickhill D, Evans PG, Reid JM. Spatio-temporal variation in European starling reproductive success at multiple small spatial scales. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:3364-77. [PMID: 26380670 PMCID: PMC4569032 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics requires spatio-temporal variation in demography to be measured across appropriate spatial and temporal scales. However, the most appropriate spatial scale(s) may not be obvious, few datasets cover sufficient time periods, and key demographic rates are often incompletely measured. Consequently, it is often assumed that demography will be spatially homogeneous within populations that lack obvious subdivision. Here, we quantify small-scale spatial and temporal variation in a key demographic rate, reproductive success (RS), within an apparently contiguous population of European starlings. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to define spatial clusters of nest sites at multiple small spatial scales and long-term data to test the hypothesis that small-scale spatio-temporal variation in RS occurred. RS was measured as the number of chicks alive ca. 12 days posthatch either per first brood or per nest site per breeding season (thereby incorporating multiple breeding attempts). First brood RS varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. Furthermore, the pattern of spatial variation was stable across years; some nest clusters consistently produced more chicks than others. Total seasonal RS also varied substantially among spatial clusters and years. However, the magnitude of variation was much larger and the pattern of spatial variation was no longer temporally consistent. Furthermore, the estimated magnitude of spatial variation in RS was greater at smaller spatial scales. We thereby demonstrate substantial spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal variation in RS occurring at very small spatial scales. We show that the estimated magnitude of this variation depended on spatial scale and that spatio-temporal variation would not have been detected if season-long RS had not been measured. Such small-scale spatio-temporal variation should be incorporated into empirical and theoretical treatments of population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Brickhill
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Peter Gh Evans
- School of Ocean Sciences, University of Bangor Menai Bridge, Anglesey, Wales, LL59 5AB, U.K
| | - Jane M Reid
- Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, U.K
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14
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Connette GM, Semlitsch RD. A multistate mark-recapture approach to estimating survival of PIT-tagged salamanders following timber harvest. J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Connette
- Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Sciences; University of Missouri; 233 ABNR Building Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Raymond D. Semlitsch
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri; 212 Tucker Hall Columbia MO 65211 USA
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15
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Zhang Y, Lutscher F, Guichard F. The effect of predator avoidance and travel time delay on the stability of predator-prey metacommunities. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-015-0269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Furrer RD, Pasinelli G. Empirical evidence for source-sink populations: a review on occurrence, assessments and implications. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 91:782-95. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman D. Furrer
- Swiss Ornithological Institute; Seerose 1 CH-6204 Sempach Switzerland
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17
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Beasley JC, Dharmarajan G, Rhodes OE. Melding kin structure and demography to elucidate source and sink habitats in fragmented landscapes. Ecosphere 2015. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00274.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Beasley
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
| | - G. Dharmarajan
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
| | - O. E. Rhodes
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, 195 Marsteller Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA
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18
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Vernouillet A, Villard MA, Haché S. ENSO, nest predation risk, food abundance, and male status fail to explain annual variations in the apparent survival rate of a migratory songbird. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113844. [PMID: 25419839 PMCID: PMC4242669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mortality can be a major driver of population decline in species whose productivity is relatively low. Yet, little is known about the factors influencing adult survival rates in migratory bird species, nor do we know much about the longer-term effects of habitat disturbance on the fitness of individuals. The Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) is one of the vertebrate species most sensitive to forest management, yet it is still common and widespread. We monitored the fate of 330 colour-banded Ovenbird males in four pairs of 25-ha plots during 9 successive breeding seasons. One plot of each pair was treated through selection harvesting (30-40% basal area removed) during the first winter. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) higher physiological costs in harvested plots as a result of lower food abundance will reduce apparent survival rate (ASR) relative to controls; (2) lower ASR following years with low nest survival and higher probability of renesting; (3) fluctuations in ASR reflecting El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO); and (4) higher ASR in returning males than in recruits (unbanded immigrants) owing to greater site familiarity in the former. We tested the relative importance of these hypotheses, or combinations thereof, by generating 23 models explaining variation in ASR. The year-dependent model received the most support, showing a 41% decrease in ASR from 2007 to 2014. The important year-to-year variation we observed in ASR (Σw(i) = 0.99) was not explained by variation in nest predation risk nor by ENSO. There was also little evidence for an effect of selection harvesting on ASR of Ovenbird males, despite a slight reduction in lifespan relative to males from control plots (2.7 vs 2.9 years). An avenue worth exploring to explain this intriguing pattern would be to determine whether conditions at migratory stopover sites or in the wintering area of our focal population have gradually worsened over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc-André Villard
- Département de biologie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Haché
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Griesser M, Halvarsson P, Sahlman T, Ekman J. What are the strengths and limitations of direct and indirect assessment of dispersal? Insights from a long-term field study in a group-living bird species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1663-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Breininger DR, Stolen ED, Carter GM, Oddy DM, Legare SA. Quantifying how territory quality and sociobiology affect recruitment to inform fire management. Anim Conserv 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Breininger
- NASA Ecological Programs; InoMedic Health Applications; Kennedy Space Center FL USA
| | - E. D. Stolen
- NASA Ecological Programs; InoMedic Health Applications; Kennedy Space Center FL USA
| | - G. M. Carter
- NASA Ecological Programs; InoMedic Health Applications; Kennedy Space Center FL USA
| | - D. M. Oddy
- NASA Ecological Programs; InoMedic Health Applications; Kennedy Space Center FL USA
| | - S. A. Legare
- NASA Ecological Programs; InoMedic Health Applications; Kennedy Space Center FL USA
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21
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Griesser M, Schneider NA, Collis MA, Overs A, Guppy M, Guppy S, Takeuchi N, Collins P, Peters A, Hall ML. Causes of ring-related leg injuries in birds - evidence and recommendations from four field studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51891. [PMID: 23300574 PMCID: PMC3530577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main techniques for recognizing individuals in avian field research is marking birds with plastic and metal leg rings. However, in some species individuals may react negatively to rings, causing leg injuries and, in extreme cases, the loss of a foot or limb. Here, we report problems that arise from ringing and illustrate solutions based on field data from Brown Thornbills (Acanthiza pusilla) (2 populations), Siberian Jays (Perisoreus infaustus) and Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens (Malurus coronatus). We encountered three problems caused by plastic rings: inflammations triggered by material accumulating under the ring (Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens), contact inflammations as a consequence of plastic rings touching the foot or tibio-tarsal joint (Brown Thornbills), and toes or the foot getting trapped in partly unwrapped flat-band colour rings (Siberian Jays). Metal rings caused two problems: the edges of aluminium rings bent inwards if mounted on top of each other (Brown Thornbills), and too small a ring size led to inflammation (Purple-crowned Fairy-wrens). We overcame these problems by changing the ringing technique (using different ring types or larger rings), or using different adhesive. Additionally, we developed and tested a novel, simple technique of gluing plastic rings onto metal rings in Brown Thornbills. A review of studies reporting ring injuries (N = 23) showed that small birds (<55 g body weight) are more prone to leg infections while larger birds (>35 g) tend to get rings stuck over their feet. We give methodological advice on how these problems can be avoided, and suggest a ringing hazard index to compare the impact of ringing in terms of injury on different bird species. Finally, to facilitate improvements in ringing techniques, we encourage online deposition of information regarding ringing injuries of birds at a website hosted by the European Union for Bird Ringing (EURING).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Griesser
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Bern, Bern,
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Harris LN, Taylor EB, Tallman RF, Reist JD. Gene flow and effective population size in two life-history types of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus from the Canadian Arctic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2012; 81:288-307. [PMID: 22747819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2012.03339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the magnitude and direction of gene flow and estimates of effective population sizes (N(e) ) were quantified among two life-history types (lacustrine and anadromous) of broad whitefish Coregonus nasus in the lower Mackenzie River system. The data suggest that dispersal and subsequent gene flow occurs between these groups, with the former appearing to be asymmetrical. Gene flow may potentially be directionally biased as well, a result attributed to source-sink population dynamics and the ongoing process of post-glacial colonization and contemporary range expansion. Additionally, average N(e) estimates were consistently lower for lacustrine populations of C. nasus although confidence intervals for both contemporary and historical estimates broadly overlapped. The lower average estimates of N(e) for lacustrine populations was suggested to be the result of more recent founding events following post-glacial dispersal. This study provides one of the first assessments of gene flow and N(e) in an Arctic coregonine, results that may be relevant to other freshwater and anadromous Arctic species persisting in systems near the periphery of their range.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Harris
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Arctic Aquatic Research Division, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6 Canada.
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