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Liu S, Jaouannet M, Dempsey DA, Imani J, Coustau C, Kogel KH. RNA-based technologies for insect control in plant production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 39:107463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Tetreau G, Dhinaut J, Gourbal B, Moret Y. Trans-generational Immune Priming in Invertebrates: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1938. [PMID: 31475001 PMCID: PMC6703094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-generational immune priming (TGIP) refers to the transfer of the parental immunological experience to its progeny. This may result in offspring protection from repeated encounters with pathogens that persist across generations. Although extensively studied in vertebrates for over a century, this phenomenon has only been identified 20 years ago in invertebrates. Since then, invertebrate TGIP has been the focus of an increasing interest, with half of studies published during the last few years. TGIP has now been tested in several invertebrate systems using various experimental approaches and measures to study it at both functional and evolutionary levels. However, drawing an overall picture of TGIP from available studies still appears to be a difficult task. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of TGIP in invertebrates with the objective of confronting all the data generated to date to highlight the main features and mechanisms identified in the context of its ecology and evolution. To this purpose, we describe all the articles reporting experimental investigation of TGIP in invertebrates and propose a critical analysis of the experimental procedures performed to study this phenomenon. We then investigate the outcome of TGIP in the offspring and its ecological and evolutionary relevance before reviewing the potential molecular mechanisms identified to date. In the light of this review, we build hypothetical scenarios of the mechanisms through which TGIP might be achieved and propose guidelines for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Tetreau
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Dhinaut
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Univ. Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Yannick Moret
- UMR CNRS 6282 BioGéoSciences, Équipe Écologie Évolutive, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
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Baena-Díaz F, Martínez-M I, Gil-Pérez Y, González-Tokman D. Trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure in dung beetles. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:637-643. [PMID: 29597181 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ivermectin is a powerful antiparasitic drug commonly used in cattle. Ivermectin residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target coprophagous fauna such as dung beetles. This can have severe ecological and economic consequences for dung degradation and soil fertility. Even though the negative effects of direct ivermectin exposure on dung-degrading organisms are well known, effects could extend across generations. Here, we tested the effects of paternal or maternal exposure to ivermectin on offspring in the dung beetle Euoniticellus intermedius. This species is a classic study subject in ecotoxicology and sexual selection because males have a cephalic horn that is under intense selection via male-male competition. After confirming a negative effect of ivermectin on the number of emerged beetles, we found trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure on the horn size of male offspring. Surprisingly however, this trans-generational effect only occurred when only the father was exposed. We detected no trans-generational effects of ivermectin exposure on offspring number, sex ratio or body size. Our results confirm that ivermectin not only has a strong effect on exposed individuals but also in their progeny. Our study opens new questions about the mechanisms responsible for parental effects and their long-term fitness consequences in contaminated habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Baena-Díaz
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Imelda Martínez-M
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Yorleny Gil-Pérez
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico
| | - Daniel González-Tokman
- Instituto de Ecología A. C. Antigua carretera a Coatepec 351. El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, Mexico; CONACYT, Mexico.
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Castro-Vargas C, Linares-López C, López-Torres A, Wrobel K, Torres-Guzmán JC, Hernández GAG, Wrobel K, Lanz-Mendoza H, Contreras-Garduño J. Methylation on RNA: A Potential Mechanism Related to Immune Priming within But Not across Generations. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:473. [PMID: 28400750 PMCID: PMC5368179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Invertebrate immune priming is a growing field in immunology. This phenomenon refers to the ability of invertebrates to generate a more vigorous immune response to a second encounter with a specific pathogen and can occur within and across generations. Although the precise mechanism has not been elucidated, it has been suggested that methylation of DNA is a cornerstone for this phenomenon. Here, using a novel method of analytical chemistry (a reversed-phase liquid chromatography procedure) and the beetle Tenebrio molitor as a model system, we did not find evidence to support this hypothesis taking into account the percentage of methylated cytosine entities in DNA (5mdC) within or across generations. However, we found a lower percentage of methylated cytosine entities in RNA (5mC) within but not across generations in immune priming experiments with adults against the bacteria Micrococcus lysodeikticus and larvae against the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. To our knowledge, this is the first report suggesting a role of differential methylation on RNA during immune priming within generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Kazimierz Wrobel
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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Córdoba-Aguilar A, Nava-Sánchez A, González-Tokman DM, Munguía-Steyer R, Gutiérrez-Cabrera AE. Immune Priming, Fat Reserves, Muscle Mass and Body Weight of the House Cricket is Affected by Diet Composition. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:404-410. [PMID: 27037705 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some insect species are capable of producing an enhanced immune response after a first pathogenic encounter, a process called immune priming. However, whether and how such ability is driven by particular diet components (protein/carbohydrate) have not been explored. Such questions are sound given that, in general, immune response is dietary dependent. We have used adults of the house cricket Acheta domesticus L. (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) and exposed them to the bacteria Serratia marcescens. We first addressed whether survival rate after priming and nonpriming treatments is dietary dependent based on access/no access to proteins and carbohydrates. Second, we investigated how these dietary components affected fat reserves, muscle mass, and body weight, three key traits in insect fitness. Thus, we exposed adult house crickets to either a protein or a carbohydrate diet and measured the three traits. After being provided with protein, primed animals survived longer compared to the other diet treatments. Interestingly, this effect was also sex dependent with primed males having a higher survival than primed females when protein was supplemented. For the second experiment, protein-fed animals had more fat, muscle mass, and body weight than carbohydrate-fed animals. Although we are not aware of the immune component underlying immune priming, our results suggest that its energetic demand for its functioning and/or consequent survival requires a higher demand of protein with respect to carbohydrate. Thus, protein shortage can impair key survival-related traits related to immune and energetic condition. Further studies varying nutrient ratios should verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Córdoba-Aguilar
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
| | - A Nava-Sánchez
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - D M González-Tokman
- Depto de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Instituto de Ecología, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - R Munguía-Steyer
- Unidad de Morfología y Función, Fac de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Univ Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - A E Gutiérrez-Cabrera
- CONACyT Research Fellow, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Beemelmanns A, Roth O. Biparental immune priming in the pipefish Syngnathus typhle. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:262-72. [PMID: 27477613 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of immunity from parents to offspring (trans-generational immune priming (TGIP)) boosts offspring immune defence and parasite resistance. TGIP is usually a maternal trait. However, if fathers have a physical connection to their offspring, and if offspring are born in the paternal parasitic environment, evolution of paternal TGIP can become adaptive. In Syngnathus typhle, a sex-role reversed pipefish with male pregnancy, both parents invest into offspring immune defence. To connect TGIP with parental investment, we need to know how parents share the task of TGIP, whether TGIP is asymmetrically distributed between the parents, and how the maternal and paternal effects interact in case of biparental TGIP. We experimentally investigated the strength and differences but also the costs of maternal and paternal contribution, and their interactive biparental influence on offspring immune defence throughout offspring maturation. To disentangle maternal and paternal influences, two different bacteria were used in a fully reciprocal design for parental and offspring exposure. In offspring, we measured gene expression of 29 immune genes, 15 genes associated with epigenetic regulation, immune cell activity and life-history traits. We identified asymmetric maternal and paternal immune priming with a dominating, long-lasting paternal effect. We could not detect an additive adaptive biparental TGIP impact. However, biparental TGIP harbours additive costs as shown in delayed sexual maturity. Epigenetic regulation may play a role both in maternal and paternal TGIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beemelmanns
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olivia Roth
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Landis SH, Sundin J, Rosenqvist G, Poirier M, Jørgensen GØ, Roth O. Female pipefish can detect the immune status of their mates. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-015-2004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Eggert H, Kurtz J, Diddens-de Buhr MF. Different effects of paternal trans-generational immune priming on survival and immunity in step and genetic offspring. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.2089. [PMID: 25355479 PMCID: PMC4240996 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Paternal trans-generational immune priming, whereby fathers provide immune protection to offspring, has been demonstrated in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum exposed to the insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis. It is currently unclear how such protection is transferred, as in contrast to mothers, fathers do not directly provide offspring with a large amount of substances. In addition to sperm, male flour beetles transfer seminal fluids in a spermatophore to females during copulation. Depending on whether paternal trans-generational immune priming is mediated by sperm or seminal fluids, it is expected to either affect only the genetic offspring of a male, or also their step offspring that are sired by another male. We therefore conducted a double-mating experiment and found that only the genetic offspring of an immune primed male show enhanced survival upon bacterial challenge, while phenoloxidase activity, an important insect immune trait, and the expression of the immune receptor PGRP were increased in all offspring. This indicates that information leading to enhanced survival upon pathogen exposure is transferred via sperm, and thus potentially constitutes an epigenetic effect, whereas substances transferred with the seminal fluid could have an additional influence on offspring immune traits and immunological alertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Eggert
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Maike F Diddens-de Buhr
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Hüfferstraße 1, Münster 48149, Germany
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Sternberg ED, de Roode JC, Hunter MD. Trans-generational parasite protection associated with paternal diet. J Anim Ecol 2014; 84:310-21. [PMID: 25251734 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple generations of hosts are often exposed to the same pathogens, favouring the evolution of trans-generational defences. Because females have more opportunities to transfer protective molecules to offspring, many studies have focused on maternally derived protection. However, males of many species can transfer compounds along with sperm, including chemicals that could provide protection. Here, we assess maternally and paternally derived protection in a monarch butterfly-protozoan parasite system where parasite resistance is heavily influenced by secondary plant chemicals, known as cardenolides, present in the larval diet of milkweed plants. We reared monarch butterflies on medicinal and non-medicinal milkweed species and then measured resistance of their offspring to infection. We also measured cardenolide content in adult monarchs reared on the two species, and in the eggs that they produced. We found that offspring were more resistant to infection when their fathers were reared on medicinal milkweed, while maternal diet had less of an effect. We also found that eggs contained the highest levels of cardenolides when both parents were reared on the medicinal species. Moreover, females reared on non-medicinal milkweed produced eggs with significantly higher levels of cardenolides if they mated with males reared on the medicinal milkweed species. However, we found an equivocal relationship between the cardenolides present in eggs and parasite resistance in the offspring. Our results demonstrate that males reared on medicinal plants can transfer protection to their offspring, but the exact mechanism remains unresolved. This suggests that paternal protection from parasitism might be important, particularly when there are environmental sources of parasite resistance and when males transfer spermatophores during mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore D Sternberg
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, 111 Merkle Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jacobus C de Roode
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark D Hunter
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, 2053 Natural Sciences Building, 830 North University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1048, USA
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Rethinking vector immunology: the role of environmental temperature in shaping resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol 2012; 10:869-76. [PMID: 23147703 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent ecological research has revealed that environmental factors can strongly affect insect immunity and influence the outcome of host-parasite interactions. To date, however, most studies examining immune function in mosquitoes have ignored environmental variability. We argue that one such environmental variable, temperature, influences both vector immunity and the parasite itself. As temperatures in the field can vary greatly from the ambient temperature in the laboratory, it will be essential to take temperature into account when studying vector immunology.
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Moreau J, Martinaud G, Troussard JP, Zanchi C, Moret Y. Trans-generational immune priming is constrained by the maternal immune response in an insect. OIKOS 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19933.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zanchi C, Troussard JP, Martinaud G, Moreau J, Moret Y. Differential expression and costs between maternally and paternally derived immune priming for offspring in an insect. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:1174-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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