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Cherif M, Brose U, Hirt MR, Ryser R, Silve V, Albert G, Arnott R, Berti E, Cirtwill A, Dyer A, Gauzens B, Gupta A, Ho HC, Portalier SMJ, Wain D, Wootton K. The environment to the rescue: can physics help predict predator-prey interactions? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38855988 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that determine the occurrence and strength of ecological interactions under specific abiotic and biotic conditions is fundamental since many aspects of ecological community stability and ecosystem functioning depend on patterns of interactions among species. Current approaches to mapping food webs are mostly based on traits, expert knowledge, experiments, and/or statistical inference. However, they do not offer clear mechanisms explaining how trophic interactions are affected by the interplay between organism characteristics and aspects of the physical environment, such as temperature, light intensity or viscosity. Hence, they cannot yet predict accurately how local food webs will respond to anthropogenic pressures, notably to climate change and species invasions. Herein, we propose a framework that synthesises recent developments in food-web theory, integrating body size and metabolism with the physical properties of ecosystems. We advocate for combination of the movement paradigm with a modular definition of the predation sequence, because movement is central to predator-prey interactions, and a generic, modular model is needed to describe all the possible variation in predator-prey interactions. Pending sufficient empirical and theoretical knowledge, our framework will help predict the food-web impacts of well-studied physical factors, such as temperature and oxygen availability, as well as less commonly considered variables such as wind, turbidity or electrical conductivity. An improved predictive capability will facilitate a better understanding of ecosystem responses to a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Cherif
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Change Research Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and the Environment, 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas Cedex, 33612, France
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Violette Silve
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Change Research Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and the Environment, 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas Cedex, 33612, France
| | - Georg Albert
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-Universität, Büsgenweg 3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Russell Arnott
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Emilio Berti
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Alyssa Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change (REC), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexander Dyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Anhubav Gupta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hsi-Cheng Ho
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sébastien M J Portalier
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, STEM Complex, room 342, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Danielle Wain
- 7 Lakes Alliance, Belgrade Lakes, 137 Main St, Belgrade Lakes, ME, 04918, USA
| | - Kate Wootton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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2
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Koepper S, Clark KF, McClure JT, Revie CW, Stryhn H, Thakur KK. Differences in diversity and community composition of the shell microbiome of apparently healthy lobsters Homarus americanus across Atlantic Canada. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1320812. [PMID: 38567078 PMCID: PMC10986177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1320812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Host-microbe dynamics are of increasing interest in marine research due to their role in host health and productivity. Changes in the shell microbiome of American lobsters have been associated with epizootic shell disease, a syndrome that is spreading northwards across the eastern U.S. and Canadian Atlantic coast. This study analyzed differences in alpha and beta diversity, as well as differentially abundant taxa, in the shell-associated bacterial community of apparently healthy lobsters from four lobster fishing areas (LFAs) in Atlantic Canada. Over 180 lobsters from New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (PEI) were sampled during seven sampling events over four sampling months. The bacterial community was identified using novel PacBio long-read sequencing, while alpha and beta diversity parameters were analyzed using linear regression models and weighted UniFrac distances. The bacterial richness, diversity and evenness differed by sampling location, sampling month, and molt stage, but not by lobster sex or size, nor sampling depth. Similarly, based on LFA, sampling month, year and lobster molt stage, the shell microbiome differed in microbial community composition with up to 34 out of 162 taxa differing significantly in abundance between sampling groups. This large-scale microbial survey suggests that the shell microbial diversity of apparently healthy lobsters is influenced by spatial and temporal factors such as geographic location, as well as the length of time the carapace is exposed to the surrounding seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Koepper
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - K. Fraser Clark
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - J. T. McClure
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Crawford W. Revie
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Stryhn
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Krishna K. Thakur
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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Hu R, Liu S, Saleem M, Xiong Z, Zhou Z, Luo Z, Shu L, He Z, Wang C. Environmentally‐induced reconstruction of microbial communities alters particulate carbon flux of deep chlorophyll maxima in the South China sea. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Hu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Songfeng Liu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Biological Sciences Alabama State University Montgomery AL USA
| | - Zhiyao Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences Sun Yat‐sen University Zhuhai
| | - Zhengyuan Zhou
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
- College of Agronomy Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
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4
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Portalier SMJ, Fussmann GF, Loreau M, Cherif M. Inferring Size-Based Functional Responses From the Physical Properties of the Medium. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.761984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
First derivations of the functional response were mechanistic, but subsequent uses of these functions tended to be phenomenological. Further understanding of the mechanisms underpinning predator-prey relationships might lead to novel insights into functional response in natural systems. Because recent consideration of the physical properties of the environment has improved our understanding of predator-prey interactions, we advocate the use of physics-based approaches for the derivation of the functional response from first principles. These physical factors affect the functional response by constraining the ability of both predators and prey to move according to their size. A physics-based derivation of the functional response should thus consider the movement of organisms in relation to their physical environment. One recent article presents a model along these criteria. As an initial validation of our claim, we use a slightly modified version of this model to derive the classical parameters of the functional response (i.e., attack rate and handling time) of aquatic organisms, as affected by body size, buoyancy, water density and viscosity. We compared the predictions to relevant data. Our model provided good fit for most parameters, but failed to predict handling time. Remarkably, this is the only parameter whose derivation did not rely on physical principles. Parameters in the model were not estimated from observational data. Hence, systematic discrepancies between predictions and real data point immediately to errors in the model. An added benefit to functional response derivation from physical principles is thus to provide easy ways to validate or falsify hypotheses about predator-prey relationships.
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Maynard DS, Miller ZR, Allesina S. Predicting coexistence in experimental ecological communities. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 4:91-100. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gómez‐Gras D, Linares C, de Caralt S, Cebrian E, Frleta‐Valić M, Montero‐Serra I, Pagès‐Escolà M, López‐Sendino P, Garrabou J. Response diversity in Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages facing climate change: Insights from a multispecific thermotolerance experiment. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:4168-4180. [PMID: 31015996 PMCID: PMC6468064 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change threatens coastal benthic communities on a global scale. However, the potential effects of ongoing warming on mesophotic temperate reefs at the community level remain poorly understood. Investigating how different members of these communities will respond to the future expected environmental conditions is, therefore, key to anticipating their future trajectories and developing specific management and conservation strategies. Here, we examined the responses of some of the main components of the highly diverse Mediterranean coralligenous assemblages to thermal stress. We performed thermotolerance experiments with different temperature treatments (from 26 to 29°C) with 10 species from different phyla (three anthozoans, six sponges and one ascidian) and different structural roles. Overall, we observed species-specific contrasting responses to warming regardless of phyla or growth form. Moreover, the responses ranged from highly resistant species to sensitive species and were mostly in agreement with previous field observations from mass mortality events (MMEs) linked to Mediterranean marine heat waves. Our results unravel the diversity of responses to warming in coralligenous outcrops and suggest the presence of potential winners and losers in the face of climate change. Finally, this study highlights the importance of accounting for species-specific vulnerabilities and response diversity when forecasting the future trajectories of temperate benthic communities in a warming ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gómez‐Gras
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Cristina Linares
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sonia de Caralt
- Centre d' Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC)BlanesSpain
- GR MAR, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Facultat de CiènciesUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - Emma Cebrian
- Centre d' Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CSIC)BlanesSpain
- GR MAR, Institut d'Ecologia Aquàtica, Facultat de CiènciesUniversitat de GironaGironaSpain
| | - Maša Frleta‐Valić
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Ignasi Montero‐Serra
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marta Pagès‐Escolà
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBIO)Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paula López‐Sendino
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Joaquim Garrabou
- Departament de Biologia MarinaInstitut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
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Hicks N, Liu X, Gregory R, Kenny J, Lucaci A, Lenzi L, Paterson DM, Duncan KR. Temperature Driven Changes in Benthic Bacterial Diversity Influences Biogeochemical Cycling in Coastal Sediments. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1730. [PMID: 30190707 PMCID: PMC6115492 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sediments are important sites for global biogeochemical cycling, mediated by macrofauna and microalgae. However, it is the microorganisms that drive these key processes. There is strong evidence that coastal benthic habitats will be affected by changing environmental variables (rising temperature, elevated CO2), and research has generally focused on the impact on macrofaunal biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is less understanding of how microbial community assemblages will respond to environmental changes. In this study, a manipulative mesocosm experiment was employed, using next-generation sequencing to assess changes in microbial communities under future environmental change scenarios. Illumina sequencing generated over 11 million 16S rRNA gene sequences (using a primer set biased toward bacteria) and revealed Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria dominated the total bacterial community of sediment samples. In this study, the sequencing coverage and depth revealed clear changes in species abundance within some phyla. Bacterial community composition was correlated with simulated environmental conditions, and species level community composition was significantly influenced by the mean temperature of the environmental regime (p = 0.002), but not by variation in CO2 or diurnal temperature variation. Species level changes with increasing mean temperature corresponded with changes in NH4 concentration, suggesting there is no functional redundancy in microbial communities for nitrogen cycling. Marine coastal biogeochemical cycling under future environmental conditions is likely to be driven by changes in nutrient availability as a direct result of microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hicks
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
| | - Xuan Liu
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Gregory
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Kenny
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Lucaci
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Paterson
- Sediment Ecology Research Group, School of Biology, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine R. Duncan
- The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, United Kingdom
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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8
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Medvinsky AB, Adamovich BV, Aliev RR, Chakraborty A, Lukyanova EV, Mikheyeva TM, Nikitina LV, Nurieva NI, Rusakov AV, Zhukova TV. Temperature as a factor affecting fluctuations and predictability of the abundance of lake bacterioplankton. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Griffiths JI, Petchey OL, Pennekamp F, Childs DZ. Linking intraspecific trait variation to community abundance dynamics improves ecological predictability by revealing a growth–defence trade‐off. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. Griffiths
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Owen L. Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Frank Pennekamp
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dylan Z. Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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10
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Voyles J, Johnson LR, Rohr J, Kelly R, Barron C, Miller D, Minster J, Rosenblum EB. Diversity in growth patterns among strains of the lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis across extended thermal optima. Oecologia 2017; 184:363-373. [PMID: 28424893 PMCID: PMC5487841 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The thermal sensitivities of organisms regulate a wide range of ecological interactions, including host–parasite dynamics. The effect of temperature on disease ecology can be remarkably complex in disease systems where the hosts are ectothermic and where thermal conditions constrain pathogen reproductive rates. Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a lethal fungal disease that is influenced by temperature. However, recent temperature studies have produced contradictory findings, suggesting that our current understanding of thermal effects on Bd may be incomplete. We investigated how temperature affects three different Bd strains to evaluate diversity in thermal responses. We quantified growth across the entire thermal range of Bd, and beyond the known thermal limits (Tmax and Tmin). Our results show that all Bd strains remained viable and grew following 24 h freeze (−12 °C) and heat shock (28 °C) treatments. Additionally, we found that two Bd strains had higher logistic growth rates (r) and carrying capacities (K) at the upper and lower extremities of the temperature range, and especially in low temperature conditions (2–3 °C). In contrast, a third strain exhibited relatively lower growth rates and carrying capacities at these same thermal extremes. Overall, our results suggest that there is considerable variation among Bd strains in thermal tolerance, and they establish a new thermal sensitivity profile for Bd. More generally, our findings point toward important questions concerning the mechanisms that dictate fungal thermal tolerances and temperature-dependent pathogenesis in other fungal disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Voyles
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, 87801, USA.
| | - Leah R Johnson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jason Rohr
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Rochelle Kelly
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Carley Barron
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Delaney Miller
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Josh Minster
- Department of Biology, New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM, 87801, USA
| | - Erica Bree Rosenblum
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California- Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3144, USA
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11
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Altermatt F, Fronhofer EA, Garnier A, Giometto A, Hammes F, Klecka J, Legrand D, Mächler E, Massie TM, Pennekamp F, Plebani M, Pontarp M, Schtickzelle N, Thuillier V, Petchey OL. Big answers from small worlds: a user's guide for protist microcosms as a model system in ecology and evolution. Methods Ecol Evol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Garnier
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andrea Giometto
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology School of Architecture Civil and Environmental Engineering École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH‐1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Frederik Hammes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Jan Klecka
- Laboratory of Theoretical Ecology Institute of Entomology Biology Centre ASCR Branišovská 31 České Budějovice 37005 Czech Republic
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Seestrasse 79 CH‐6047 Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4 L7.07.04 B‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Elvira Mächler
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Thomas M. Massie
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Frank Pennekamp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marco Plebani
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Mikael Pontarp
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4 L7.07.04 B‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Virginie Thuillier
- Earth and Life Institute Biodiversity Research Centre Université catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud 4 L7.07.04 B‐1348 Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Owen L. Petchey
- Department of Aquatic Ecology Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Überlandstrasse 133 CH‐8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 CH‐8057 Zürich Switzerland
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12
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Palamara GM, Childs DZ, Clements CF, Petchey OL, Plebani M, Smith MJ. Inferring the temperature dependence of population parameters: the effects of experimental design and inference algorithm. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4736-50. [PMID: 25558365 PMCID: PMC4278823 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding and quantifying the temperature dependence of population parameters, such as intrinsic growth rate and carrying capacity, is critical for predicting the ecological responses to environmental change. Many studies provide empirical estimates of such temperature dependencies, but a thorough investigation of the methods used to infer them has not been performed yet. We created artificial population time series using a stochastic logistic model parameterized with the Arrhenius equation, so that activation energy drives the temperature dependence of population parameters. We simulated different experimental designs and used different inference methods, varying the likelihood functions and other aspects of the parameter estimation methods. Finally, we applied the best performing inference methods to real data for the species Paramecium caudatum. The relative error of the estimates of activation energy varied between 5% and 30%. The fraction of habitat sampled played the most important role in determining the relative error; sampling at least 1% of the habitat kept it below 50%. We found that methods that simultaneously use all time series data (direct methods) and methods that estimate population parameters separately for each temperature (indirect methods) are complementary. Indirect methods provide a clearer insight into the shape of the functional form describing the temperature dependence of population parameters; direct methods enable a more accurate estimation of the parameters of such functional forms. Using both methods, we found that growth rate and carrying capacity of Paramecium caudatum scale with temperature according to different activation energies. Our study shows how careful choice of experimental design and inference methods can increase the accuracy of the inferred relationships between temperature and population parameters. The comparison of estimation methods provided here can increase the accuracy of model predictions, with important implications in understanding and predicting the effects of temperature on the dynamics of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Marco Palamara
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Wintherthurerstrase 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland ; Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Christopher F Clements
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Wintherthurerstrase 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Wintherthurerstrase 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Plebani
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich Wintherthurerstrase 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Computational Science Laboratory, Microsoft Research Cambridge, CB1 2FB, UK
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Griffiths JI, Warren PH, Childs DZ. Multiple environmental changes interact to modify species dynamics and invasion rates. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason I. Griffiths
- Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences; Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Philip H. Warren
- Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences; Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
| | - Dylan Z. Childs
- Dept of Animal and Plant Sciences; Univ. of Sheffield, Western Bank; Sheffield S10 2TN UK
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14
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Iles AC. Toward predicting community-level effects of climate: relative temperature scaling of metabolic and ingestion rates. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1342.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Meisner MH, Harmon JP, Ives AR. Temperature effects on long-term population dynamics in a parasitoid–host system. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-1933.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Pennekamp F, Schtickzelle N. Implementing image analysis in laboratory-based experimental systems for ecology and evolution: a hands-on guide. Methods Ecol Evol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pennekamp
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre; Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 4; Louvain-la-Neuve; 1348; Belgium
| | - Nicolas Schtickzelle
- Earth and Life Institute & Biodiversity Research Centre; Université catholique de Louvain; Croix du Sud 4; Louvain-la-Neuve; 1348; Belgium
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17
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Langenheder S, Bulling MT, Prosser JI, Solan M. Role of functionally dominant species in varying environmental regimes: evidence for the performance-enhancing effect of biodiversity. BMC Ecol 2012; 12:14. [PMID: 22846071 PMCID: PMC3480835 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Theory suggests that biodiversity can act as a buffer against disturbances and environmental variability via two major mechanisms: Firstly, a stabilising effect by decreasing the temporal variance in ecosystem functioning due to compensatory processes; and secondly, a performance enhancing effect by raising the level of community response through the selection of better performing species. Empirical evidence for the stabilizing effect of biodiversity is readily available, whereas experimental confirmation of the performance-enhancing effect of biodiversity is sparse. Results Here, we test the effect of different environmental regimes (constant versus fluctuating temperature) on bacterial biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relations. We show that positive effects of species richness on ecosystem functioning are enhanced by stronger temperature fluctuations due to the increased performance of individual species. Conclusions Our results provide evidence for the performance enhancing effect and suggest that selection towards functionally dominant species is likely to benefit the maintenance of ecosystem functioning under more variable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Langenheder
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 UU3, UK.
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18
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Danos N, Lauder GV. Challenging zebrafish escape responses by increasing water viscosity. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:1854-62. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.068957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Escape responses of fishes have long been studied as a model locomotor behavior in which hypothesized maximal or near-maximal muscle power output is used to generate rapid body bending. In this paper we present the results of experiments that challenged zebrafish (Danio rerio) to perform escape responses in water of altered viscosity, to better understand the effects that the fluid mechanical environment exerts on kinematics. We quantified escape kinematics using 1000 frames s–1 high-speed video, and compared escape response kinematics of fish in three media that differed in viscosity: 1 mPa s (normal water), 10 mPa s and 20 mPa s (20 times normal water viscosity). We hypothesized that because viscosity is increased but not density there will be a different effect on kinematic variables resulting from unsteady (acceleration-dependent) hydrodynamic forces and steady (velocity-dependent) ones. Similarly, we hypothesized that the kinematics of stage 1 will be less affected by viscosity than those of stage 2, as higher angular velocities are reached during stage 1 resulting in higher Reynolds numbers. Our results showed a significant overall effect of viscosity on escape response kinematics but the effect was not in accordance with our predictions. Statistical tests showed that increasing viscosity significantly decreased displacement of the center of mass during stage 1 and after 30 ms, and decreased maximum velocity of the center of mass, maximum angular velocity and acceleration during stage 1, but increased time to maximum angular acceleration and time to maximum linear velocity of the center of mass. Remarkably, increasing water viscosity 20 times did not significantly affect the duration of stage 1 or stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Danos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - George V. Lauder
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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19
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Beveridge OS, Petchey OL, Humphries S. Mechanisms of temperature-dependent swimming: the importance of physics, physiology and body size in determining protist swimming speed. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 213:4223-31. [PMID: 21113003 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.045435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Body temperatures and thus physiological rates of poikilothermic organisms are determined by environmental temperature. The power an organism has available for swimming is largely dependent on physiological rates and thus body temperature. However, retarding forces such as drag are contingent on the temperature-dependent physical properties of water and on an organism's size. Consequently, the swimming ability of poikilotherms is highly temperature dependent. The importance of the temperature-dependent physical properties of water (e.g. viscosity) in determining swimming speed is poorly understood. Here we propose a semi-mechanistic model to describe how biological rates, size and the physics of the environment contribute to the temperature dependency of microbial swimming speed. Data on the swimming speed and size of a predatory protist and its protist prey were collected and used to test our model. Data were collected by manipulating both the temperature and the viscosity (independently of temperature) of the organism's environment. Protists were either cultured in their test environment (for several generations) or rapidly exposed to their test environment to assess their ability to adapt or acclimate to treatments. Both biological rates and the physics of the environment were predicted to and observed to contribute to the swimming speed of protists. Body size was not temperature dependent, and protists expressed some ability to acclimate to changes in either temperature or viscosity. Overall, using our parameter estimates and novel model, we are able to suggest that 30 to 40% (depending on species) of the response in swimming speed associated with a reduction in temperature from 20 to 5°C is due to viscosity. Because encounter rates between protist predators and their prey are determined by swimming speed, temperature- and viscosity-dependent swimming speeds are likely to result in temperature- and viscosity-dependent trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver S Beveridge
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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