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Lubińska-Mielińska S, Rajabi Dehnavi A, Cárdenas Pérez S, Kamiński D, Piernik A. Diagnostic species are crucial for the functioning of plant associations in inland salt marshes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21787. [PMID: 39294249 PMCID: PMC11411129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Salt marsh vegetation is considered unique and valuable and has been legally protected in Europe for years but is still declining. Its protection is related to vegetation syntaxonomical units. The characteristic combination of diagnostic species is used to create this syntaxonomical system. The aim of our novel study was to assess whether diagnostic species are sufficient for characterising vegetation functioning. Moreover, we included biochemical traits not considered to date in vegetation ecology. We hypothesised that (1) diagnostic species are crucial for the functioning of inland salt marsh vegetation and (2) their morphological and biochemical traits define the functioning of typical salt marsh associations. We chose three typical inland associations to test our hypotheses and measured the morphological and biochemical functional traits of their diagnostic plant species. Our research has shown that diagnostic species play a crucial role not only in distinguishing typical inland salt marsh associations but also in determining their functioning. Among the analysed associations, Salicornietum ramosissimae was the most adaptable to osmotic and oxidative stress under soil salinity. Triglochino maritimae-Glaucetum maritimae showed the lowest salt resistance, as indicated by the highest osmotic and oxidative stress and stress responses. Our findings may facilitate the practical application of new approaches and protection strategies for inland salt marsh habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lubińska-Mielińska
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Ahmad Rajabi Dehnavi
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Stefany Cárdenas Pérez
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kamiński
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piernik
- Department of Geobotany and Landscape Planning, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
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2
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Kaur A, Sharma A, Kaur S, Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Ahmad M, Kohli RK, Singh HP, Batish DR. Role of plant functional traits in the invasion success: analysis of nine species of Asteraceae. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:784. [PMID: 39160457 PMCID: PMC11331814 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05498-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Various attributes are hypothesized to facilitate the dominance of an invasive species in non-native geographical and ecological regimes. To explore the characteristic invasive attributes of the family Asteraceae, a comparative study was conducted among nine species of this family, co-occurring in the western Himalayan region. Based on their nativity and invasion status, the species were categorized as "Invasive", "Naturalized", and "Native". Fifteen plant functional traits, strongly linked with invasion, were examined in the test species. The analyses revealed a strong dissimilarity between all the plant functional traits (except leaf carbon [Leaf C]) represented by "Invasive" and "Native" categories and most of the traits (except leaf area [LA], leaf nitrogen [Leaf N], Leaf C, and leaf carbon-nitrogen ratio [C: N]) represented by the "Naturalized" and "Native" categories. Similarly, "Invasive" and "Naturalized" categories also varied significantly for most of the traits (except Leaf N, Leaf C, capitula per m² population [Cm²], seeds per capitula [Scapitula], and seed mass). Invasive species are characterized by high LA, specific leaf area [SLA] and germination, and low C:N and leaf construction costs [LCC]. Most of the traits represented by native species justify their non-invasive behavior; whereas the naturalized species, despite having better size metrics (plant height), resource investment strategy (aboveground non-reproductive biomass [BNR], and aboveground reproductive biomass [BR]), and reproductive output (capitula per individual plant [Cplant], and seeds per individual plant [Splant]) failed to invade, which implies that the role of these functional aspects in imparting invasion potential to a species is not consistent in all the ecosystems and/or phylogenetic groups. Results of PCA revealed that trait divergence plays a more imperative role in invasion success than naturalization in the species of the family Asteraceae. The present study is intended to refine the pre-generalized invasion concepts associated with family Asteraceae to ensure more accurate identification of the potential invaders and better management of the existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
- Department of Botany, Government College Dhaliara, Dhaliara, 177103, India
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustaqeem Ahmad
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Guo K, Pyšek P, van Kleunen M, Kinlock NL, Lučanová M, Leitch IJ, Pierce S, Dawson W, Essl F, Kreft H, Lenzner B, Pergl J, Weigelt P, Guo WY. Plant invasion and naturalization are influenced by genome size, ecology and economic use globally. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1330. [PMID: 38351066 PMCID: PMC10864296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Human factors and plant characteristics are important drivers of plant invasions, which threaten ecosystem integrity, biodiversity and human well-being. However, while previous studies often examined a limited number of factors or focused on a specific invasion stage (e.g., naturalization) for specific regions, a multi-factor and multi-stage analysis at the global scale is lacking. Here, we employ a multi-level framework to investigate the interplay between plant characteristics (genome size, Grime's adaptive CSR-strategies and native range size) and economic use and how these factors collectively affect plant naturalization and invasion success worldwide. While our findings derived from structural equation models highlight the substantial contribution of human assistance in both the naturalization and spread of invasive plants, we also uncovered the pivotal role of species' adaptive strategies among the factors studied, and the significantly varying influence of these factors across invasion stages. We further revealed that the effects of genome size on plant invasions were partially mediated by species adaptive strategies and native range size. Our study provides insights into the complex and dynamic process of plant invasions and identifies its key drivers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague, CZ-12844, Czech Republic
| | - Mark van Kleunen
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, P. R. China
| | - Nicole L Kinlock
- Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Magdalena Lučanová
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Evolutionary Plant Biology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice, CZ-370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ilia J Leitch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - Simon Pierce
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAA), University of Milan, Via G. Celoria 2, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Wayne Dawson
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Franz Essl
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- Division of BioInvasions, Global Change & Macroecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Pergl
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Průhonice, CZ-25243, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Weigelt
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wen-Yong Guo
- Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Global Change and Complex Ecosystems, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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Hansen W, Wollny J, Otte A, Eckstein RL, Ludewig K. Invasive legume affects species and functional composition of mountain meadow plant communities. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPlant invasions are among the key drivers of global biodiversity and ecosystem change. They often cause reductions in native species richness and overall biodiversity. Nitrogen-fixing plants are problematic as they affect soil nutrient availability and outcompete species of nutrient-poor sites. Here we assessed the impacts of the legume Lupinus polyphyllus on species and functional diversity of mountain meadow communities in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Rhön. We compared species diversity (richness, evenness and effective species number), functional diversity (functional richness, evenness, divergence and dispersion) and similarity of plots in three characteristic vegetation types (Nardus grassland, mesic and wet mountain hay meadows) between different lupine cover classes. We calculated community weighted means (CWMs) of single plant traits and plotted them against lupine cover classes. The invasion of L. polyphyllus homogenizes vegetation composition since the similarity among plots of the different vegetation types increased with increasing lupine cover. It significantly affected species diversity in terms of richness and effective species number and the functional divergence of the vegetation. The trait set of species occurring together with lupine was shifted towards more competitive trait values. We demonstrate strongly negative impacts of L. polyphyllus on different mountain meadow vegetation types since L. polyphyllus, fosters the growth of competitive species and leads to overall more productive plant communities.
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Bitani N, Ehlers Smith DA, Ehlers Smith YC, Downs CT. Functional traits vary among fleshy-fruited invasive plant species and their potential avian dispersers. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Richness, phylogenetic diversity, and abundance all have positive effects on invader performance in an arid ecosystem. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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7
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Helsen K, Van Cleemput E, Bassi L, Graae BJ, Somers B, Blonder B, Honnay O. Inter‐ and intraspecific trait variation shape multidimensional trait overlap between two plant invaders and the invaded communities. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | | | - Leonardo Bassi
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Bente J. Graae
- Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
| | - Ben Somers
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Benjamin Blonder
- Dept of Biology, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State Univ. Tempe AZ USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Dept, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 BE‐3001 Leuven Belgium
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Hejda M, Štajerová K, Pergl J, Pyšek P. Impacts of dominant plant species on trait composition of communities: comparison between the native and invaded ranges. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hejda
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice CZ ‐252 43 Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Štajerová
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice CZ ‐252 43 Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague CZ ‐128 44 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pergl
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice CZ ‐252 43 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Department of Invasion Ecology Institute of Botany The Czech Academy of Sciences Průhonice CZ ‐252 43 Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague CZ ‐128 44 Czech Republic
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9
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Singh G, Mejía NMM, Williard KWJ, Schoonover JE, Groninger JW. Watershed Vulnerability to Invasive N2-Fixing Autumn Olive and Consequences for Stream Nitrogen Concentrations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:614-623. [PMID: 31180438 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Autumn olive ( Thunb.) is an invasive and exotic N-fixing plant species found throughout the United States. Proliferation and spread of autumn olive have displaced native plants and raised concerns about the effects of N fixation and cycling on water quality in invaded areas. This study investigated the relationship between autumn olive cover and stream N concentrations. Twelve forested watersheds were selected and classified into edge, mid-distance, and interior-of-the-forest watersheds based on autumn olive density and distance from the permanent edge of invasion point along a major road corridor. For the 2012 vegetation survey, autumn olive cover in edge, mid, and interior watersheds ranged from 37 to 61%, 18 to 37%, and 4 to 10%, respectively. From 2006 to 2012, mean stream water NO-N concentration in the edge watersheds was significantly higher (1.39 mg L, < 0.0001) than mid (0.37 mg L) and interior (0.27 mg L) watersheds. A linear relationship was found between NO-N concentration and autumn olive cover ( = 0.72, = 0.0001). Mean stream water NH-N, specific conductivity, and pH were significantly less in the interior watersheds than in the edge watersheds. Additionally, peak specific conductivity and NO-N from edge watersheds coincided with peak stage for these watersheds, demonstrating that N flushing events were driven by surface and shallow subsurface flow pathways proximal to the stream. Results from this study demonstrate how encroachment of autumn olive can influence water quality and transform biogeochemical cycles in natural systems, which points to the need for effective management of autumn olive in the edge watersheds and riparian zones that are vulnerable to invasion and increased N export.
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10
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Multispecies plant invasion increases function but reduces variability across an understorey metacommunity. Biol Invasions 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-018-1883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Native and Invasive Woody Species Differentially Respond to Forest Edges and Forest Successional Age. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9070381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Cadotte MW, Campbell SE, Li SP, Sodhi DS, Mandrak NE. Preadaptation and Naturalization of Nonnative Species: Darwin's Two Fundamental Insights into Species Invasion. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:661-684. [PMID: 29489400 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Predicting which nonnative species become invasive is critical for their successful management, and Charles Darwin provided predictions based on species' relatedness. However, Darwin provided two opposing predictions about the relatedness of introduced nonnatives to indigenous species. First, environmental fit is the dominant factor determining invader success; thus, we should expect that invasive species are closely related to local native residents. Alternatively, if competition is important, we should expect successful invaders are distantly related to the native residents. These opposing expectations are referred to as Darwin's naturalization conundrum. The results of studies that examine nonnative species relatedness to natives are largely inconsistent. This inconsistency arises from the fact that studies occur at different spatial and temporal scales, and at different stages of invasion, and so implicitly examine different mechanisms. Further, while species have evolved ecological differences, the mode and tempo of evolution can affect species' differences, complicating the predictions from simple hypotheses. We outline unanswered questions and provide guidelines for collecting the data required to test competing hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Sara E Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Shao-Peng Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Darwin S Sodhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas E Mandrak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada;
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
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Carmona CP, de Bello F, Mason NWH, Lepš J. Traits Without Borders: Integrating Functional Diversity Across Scales. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 31:382-394. [PMID: 26924737 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the conceptual complexity of functional diversity (FD), a multitude of different methods are available for measuring it, with most being operational at only a small range of spatial scales. This causes uncertainty in ecological interpretations and limits the potential to generalize findings across studies or compare patterns across scales. We solve this problem by providing a unified framework expanding on and integrating existing approaches. The framework, based on trait probability density (TPD), is the first to fully implement the Hutchinsonian concept of the niche as a probabilistic hypervolume in estimating FD. This novel approach could revolutionize FD-based research by allowing quantification of the various FD components from organismal to macroecological scales, and allowing seamless transitions between scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Carmona
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jan Lepš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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14
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Shiflett SA, Zinnert JC, Young DR. Functional traits of expanding, thicket‐forming shrubs: contrasting strategies between exotic and native species. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A. Shiflett
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Julie C. Zinnert
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
| | - Donald R. Young
- Department of Biology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23284 USA
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15
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Cunard CE, Lankau RA. Declining survival across invasion history for Microstegium vimineum. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183107. [PMID: 28809930 PMCID: PMC5557486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many alien species become invasive because they lack coevolutionary history with the native community; for instance, they may lack specialized enemies. These evolutionary advantages may allow the invader to establish and persist when rare within a community and lead to its monodominance through positive frequency dependence, i.e. increasing per capita population growth rate with increasing frequency of conspecifics. However, this advantage could degrade through time due to evolutionary and ecological changes in the invasive and native plant and microbial communities. We investigated survival rates and individual biomass as proxies for per capita population growth rates for the invasive grass, Microstegium vimineum, across a gradient of conspecific frequencies (10–100% relative cover of M. vimineum) within 12 sites that varied in time since invasion. We expected M. vimineum frequency dependence to become more negative and its proxies for population growth at low conspecific frequency to decline across invasion history. We also explored the belowground fungal community associated with M. vimineum, since we hypothesized that changes in M. vimineum population dynamics may result from shifting microbial interactions over time. Microstegium vimineum frequency dependence changed from negative to neutral across invasion history and the shift was driven by a decline in survival at low frequency. Changes in M. vimineum root fungal community were associated with time since invasion. Our results do not support a shift in frequency dependence from positive to negative across invasion history. However, our results suggest M. vimineum populations may be less prone to persist at older invaded sites and thus more vulnerable to management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunard
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard A. Lankau
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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16
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Li K, He Y, Campbell SK, Colborn AS, Jackson EL, Martin A, Monagan IV, Ong TWY, Perfecto I. From endogenous to exogenous pattern formation: Invasive plant species changes the spatial distribution of a native ant. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2250-2261. [PMID: 28231634 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species are a significant threat to global biodiversity, but our understanding of how invasive species impact native communities across space and time remains limited. Based on observations in an old field in Southeast Michigan spanning 35 years, our study documents significant impacts of habitat change, likely driven by the invasion of the shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata, on the nest distribution patterns and population demographics of a native ant species, Formica obscuripes. Landcover change in aerial photographs indicates that E. umbellata expanded aggressively, transforming a large proportion of the original open field into dense shrubland. By comparing the ant's landcover preferences before and after the invasion, we demonstrate that this species experienced a significant unfavorable change in its foraging areas. We also find that shrub landcover significantly moderates aggression between nests, suggesting nests are more related where there is more E. umbellata. This may represent a shift in reproductive strategy from queen flights, reported in the past, to asexual nest budding. Our results suggest that E. umbellata may affect the spatial distribution of F. obscuripes by shifting the drivers of nest pattern formation from an endogenous process (queen flights), which led to a uniform pattern, to a process that is both endogenous (nest budding) and exogenous (loss of preferred habitat), resulting in a significantly different clustered pattern. The number and sizes of F. obscuripes nests in our study site are projected to decrease in the next 40 years, although further study of this population's colony structures is needed to understand the extent of this decrease. Elaeagnus umbellata is a common invasive shrub, and similar impacts on native species might occur in its invasive range, or in areas with similar shrub invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Li
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yifan He
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Susanna K Campbell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Shawn Colborn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eliot L Jackson
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Austin Martin
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivan V Monagan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa Wei Ying Ong
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivette Perfecto
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Young HS, Parker IM, Gilbert GS, Sofia Guerra A, Nunn CL. Introduced Species, Disease Ecology, and Biodiversity-Disease Relationships. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 32:41-54. [PMID: 28029377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species introductions are a dominant component of biodiversity change but are not explicitly included in most discussions of biodiversity-disease relationships. This is a major oversight given the multitude of effects that introduced species have on both parasitism and native hosts. Drawing on both animal and plant systems, we review the competing mechanistic pathways by which biological introductions influence parasite diversity and prevalence. While some mechanisms - such as local changes in phylogenetic composition and global homogenization - have strong explanatory potential, the net effects of introduced species, especially at local scales, remain poorly understood. Integrative, community-scale studies that explicitly incorporate introduced species are needed to make effective predictions about the effects of realistic biodiversity change and conservation action on disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary S Young
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Ingrid M Parker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Gregory S Gilbert
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ana Sofia Guerra
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Charles L Nunn
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) presence and proliferation on former surface coal mines in Eastern USA. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Terwei A, Zerbe S, Mölder I, Annighöfer P, Kawaletz H, Ammer C. Response of floodplain understorey species to environmental gradients and tree invasion: a functional trait perspective. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Jo I, Fridley JD, Frank DA. More of the same? In situ leaf and root decomposition rates do not vary between 80 native and nonnative deciduous forest species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 209:115-122. [PMID: 26333347 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Invaders often have greater rates of production and produce more labile litter than natives. The increased litter quantity and quality of invaders should increase nutrient cycling through faster litter decomposition. However, the limited number of invasive species that have been included in decomposition studies has hindered the ability to generalize their impacts on decomposition rates. Further, previous decomposition studies have neglected roots. We measured litter traits and decomposition rates of leaves for 42 native and 36 nonnative woody species, and those of fine roots for 23 native and 25 nonnative species that occur in temperate deciduous forests throughout the Eastern USA. Among the leaf and root traits that differed between native and invasive species, only leaf nitrogen was significantly associated with decomposition rate. However, native and nonnative species did not differ systematically in leaf and root decomposition rates. We found that among the parameters measured, litter decomposer activity was driven by litter chemical quality rather than tissue density and structure. Our results indicate that litter decomposition rate per se is not a pathway by which forest woody invasive species affect North American temperate forest soil carbon and nutrient processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Jo
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Jason D Fridley
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Douglas A Frank
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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21
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Chai Y, Yue M, Wang M, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang R, Wan P. Plant functional traits suggest a change in novel ecological strategies for dominant species in the stages of forest succession. Oecologia 2015; 180:771-83. [PMID: 26563469 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3483-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In forest succession, the ecological strategies of the dominant species that are based on functional traits are important in the determination of both the mechanisms and the potential directions of succession. Thirty-one plots were established in the Loess Plateau region of northern Shaanxi in China. Fifteen leaf traits were measured for the 31 dominant species that represented the six stages of succession, and the traits included four that were related to morphology, seven to stoichiometry and four to physiological ecology. The species from the different successional stages had different patterns of distribution of the traits, and different key traits predicted the turnover of the species during succession. The ash and the cellulose contents were key regulatory factors of species turnover in the early successional communities, and the trait niche forces in sugar and leaf dry mass content might become more important with the progression of succession. When only the three herb stages were considered, a progressive replacement of the ruderal by the competitive-ruderal species occurred in the intermediate stages of succession, which was followed by the stress-tolerant-competitive or the competitive-stress tolerant-ruderal strategists late in the succession. Thus, the different species that occurred in the different stages of succession shared different trait-based ecological strategies. Additionally, these differences occurred concomitantly with a shift toward competitive-stress tolerant-ruderal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ruichang Zhang
- Plant Ecology Department, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 3, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Pengcheng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Mandle L, Ticktin T. Moderate land use changes plant functional composition without loss of functional diversity in India's Western Ghats. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 25:1711-1724. [PMID: 26552276 DOI: 10.1890/15-0068.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The fields of ecology and conservation science increasingly recognize the importance of managing for functional composition and functional diversity to maintain critical ecosystem processes and services. However, little is known about the degree to which widespread but moderate forms of land use that maintain overall vegetation structure are compatible with the conservation of functional diversity. We assessed differences in plani functional composition and functional diversity across savanna woodlands in the Western Ghats, India, managed with varying degrees of biomass extraction, livestock grazing, and ground fire. Across the gradient of moderate land uses, we found shifts in functional composition but no overall decline in functional diversity with land, use intensification. Biomass extraction was associated with changes in dispersal mode, reduced seed mass, and lower overstory functional diversity. Livestock grazing was associated with shorter overstory species, reduced seed mass, and increased understory functional diversity. Nonnative invasive species contributed to shifts in understory functional composition with livestock grazing and increased functional diversity with more intensive land use. Our study highlights both the utility and some limitations of assessing conservation value with functional diversity. These results suggest that moderate-intensity local land use can be compatible with maintenance of functional diversity in savanna woodlands of the Western Ghats, and further efforts to maximize this compatibility would benefit conservation in South India's extensive human-managed landscapes. However, using functional diversity as the sole metric by which to gauge conservation value can mask threats from invasive species and loss of diversity within categories of biotic dispersal. Therefore, functional diversity metrics are likely to provide a valuable complement to, but not replacement for, other management targets such as species composition.
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23
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Cadotte MW, Arnillas CA, Livingstone SW, Yasui SLE. Predicting communities from functional traits. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:510-1. [PMID: 26190136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Species traits influence where species live and how they interact. While there have been many advances in describing the functional composition and diversity of communities, only recently do researchers have the ability to predict community composition and diversity. This predictive ability can offer fundamental insights into ecosystem resilience and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Carlos A Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Stuart W Livingstone
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto-Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Simone-Louise E Yasui
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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25
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Zinnert JC, Shiflett SA, Vick JK, Young DR. Plant functional traits of a shrub invader relative to sympatric native shrubs. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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26
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Funk JL, Cornwell WK. Leaf traits within communities: Context may affect the mapping of traits to function. Ecology 2013; 94:1893-7. [DOI: 10.1890/12-1602.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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27
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Hejda M. Do species of invaded communities differ in their vulnerability to being eliminated by the dominant alien plants? Biol Invasions 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0426-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Cadotte MW. The new diversity: management gains through insights into the functional diversity of communities. J Appl Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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