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Navarro-Gómez P, Fuentes-Romero F, Pérez-Montaño F, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Alías-Villegas C, Ayala-García P, Almozara A, Medina C, Ollero FJ, Rodríguez-Carvajal MÁ, Ruiz-Sainz JE, López-Baena FJ, Vinardell JM, Acosta-Jurado S. A complex regulatory network governs the expression of symbiotic genes in Sinorhizobium fredii HH103. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1322435. [PMID: 38186594 PMCID: PMC10771577 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1322435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The establishment of the rhizobium-legume nitrogen-fixing symbiosis relies on the interchange of molecular signals between the two symbionts. We have previously studied by RNA-seq the effect of the symbiotic regulators NodD1, SyrM, and TtsI on the expression of the symbiotic genes (the nod regulon) of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 upon treatment with the isoflavone genistein. In this work we have further investigated this regulatory network by incorporating new RNA-seq data of HH103 mutants in two other regulatory genes, nodD2 and nolR. Both genes code for global regulators with a predominant repressor effect on the nod regulon, although NodD2 acts as an activator of a small number of HH103 symbiotic genes. Methods By combining RNA-seq data, qPCR experiments, and b-galactosidase assays of HH103 mutants harbouring a lacZ gene inserted into a regulatory gene, we have analysed the regulatory relations between the nodD1, nodD2, nolR, syrM, and ttsI genes, confirming previous data and discovering previously unknown relations. Results and discussion Previously we showed that HH103 mutants in the nodD2, nolR, syrM, or ttsI genes gain effective nodulation with Lotus japonicus, a model legume, although with different symbiotic performances. Here we show that the combinations of mutations in these genes led, in most cases, to a decrease in symbiotic effectiveness, although all of them retained the ability to induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. In fact, the nodD2, nolR, and syrM single and double mutants share a set of Nod factors, either overproduced by them or not generated by the wild-type strain, that might be responsible for gaining effective nodulation with L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cynthia Alías-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Almozara
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Medina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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Brito-Santana P, Duque-Pedraza JJ, Bernabéu-Roda LM, Carvia-Hermoso C, Cuéllar V, Fuentes-Romero F, Acosta-Jurado S, Vinardell JM, Soto MJ. Sinorhizobium meliloti DnaJ Is Required for Surface Motility, Stress Tolerance, and for Efficient Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065848. [PMID: 36982921 PMCID: PMC10055731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial surface motility is a complex microbial trait that contributes to host colonization. However, the knowledge about regulatory mechanisms that control surface translocation in rhizobia and their role in the establishment of symbiosis with legumes is still limited. Recently, 2-tridecanone (2-TDC) was identified as an infochemical in bacteria that hampers microbial colonization of plants. In the alfalfa symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti, 2-TDC promotes a mode of surface motility that is mostly independent of flagella. To understand the mechanism of action of 2-TDC in S. meliloti and unveil genes putatively involved in plant colonization, Tn5 transposants derived from a flagellaless strain that were impaired in 2-TDC-induced surface spreading were isolated and genetically characterized. In one of the mutants, the gene coding for the chaperone DnaJ was inactivated. Characterization of this transposant and newly obtained flagella-minus and flagella-plus dnaJ deletion mutants revealed that DnaJ is essential for surface translocation, while it plays a minor role in swimming motility. DnaJ loss-of-function reduces salt and oxidative stress tolerance in S. meliloti and hinders the establishment of efficient symbiosis by affecting nodule formation efficiency, cellular infection, and nitrogen fixation. Intriguingly, the lack of DnaJ causes more severe defects in a flagellaless background. This work highlights the role of DnaJ in the free-living and symbiotic lifestyles of S. meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Brito-Santana
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Julián J Duque-Pedraza
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Lydia M Bernabéu-Roda
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Carvia-Hermoso
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Virginia Cuéllar
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Fuentes-Romero
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, CSIC, Junta de Andalucía, Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Facultad de Biología, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María J Soto
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, 18008 Granada, Spain
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3
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Fuentes-Romero F, Navarro-Gómez P, Ayala-García P, Moyano-Bravo I, López-Baena FJ, Pérez-Montaño F, Ollero-Márquez FJ, Acosta-Jurado S, Vinardell JM. The nodD1 Gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Restores Nodulation Capacity on Bean in a Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 nodD1/ nodD2 Mutant, but the Secondary Symbiotic Regulators nolR, nodD2 or syrM Prevent HH103 to Nodulate with This Legume. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010139. [PMID: 35056588 PMCID: PMC8780172 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobial NodD proteins and appropriate flavonoids induce rhizobial nodulation gene expression. In this study, we show that the nodD1 gene of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, but not the nodD2 gene, can restore the nodulation capacity of a double nodD1/nodD2 mutant of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris). S. fredii HH103 only induces pseudonodules in beans. We have also studied whether the mutation of different symbiotic regulatory genes may affect the symbiotic interaction of HH103 with beans: ttsI (the positive regulator of the symbiotic type 3 protein secretion system), and nodD2, nolR and syrM (all of them controlling the level of Nod factor production). Inactivation of either nodD2, nolR or syrM, but not that of ttsI, affected positively the symbiotic behavior of HH103 with beans, leading to the formation of colonized nodules. Acetylene reduction assays showed certain levels of nitrogenase activity that were higher in the case of the nodD2 and nolR mutants. Similar results have been previously obtained by our group with the model legume Lotus japonicus. Hence, the results obtained in the present work confirm that repression of Nod factor production, provided by either NodD2, NolR or SyrM, prevents HH103 to effectively nodulate several putative host plants.
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4
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Acosta-Jurado S, Medina C, Ollero FJ, Alias-Villegas C, Vinardell JM, Pérez-Montaño F, López-Baena FJ. The Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 type III secretion system effector NopC blocks nodulation with Lotus japonicus Gifu. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6043-6056. [PMID: 32589709 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The broad-host-range bacterium Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 cannot nodulate the model legume Lotus japonicus Gifu. This bacterium possesses a type III secretion system (T3SS), a specialized secretion apparatus used to deliver effector proteins (T3Es) into the host cell cytosol to alter host signaling and/or suppress host defence responses to promote infection. However, some of these T3Es are recognized by specific plant receptors and hence trigger a strong defence response to block infection. In rhizobia, T3Es are involved in nodulation efficiency and host-range determination, and in some cases directly activate host symbiosis signalling in a Nod factor-independent manner. In this work, we show that HH103 RifR T3SS mutants, unable to secrete T3Es, gain nodulation with L. japonicus Gifu through infection threads, suggesting that plant recognition of a T3E could block the infection process. To identify the T3E involved, we performed nodulation assays with a collection of mutants that affect secretion of each T3E identified in HH103 RifR so far. The nopC mutant could infect L. japonicus Gifu by infection thread invasion and switch the infection mechanism in Lotus burttii from intercellular infection to infection thread formation. Lotus japonicus gene expression analysis indicated that the infection-blocking event occurs at early stages of the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Medina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Osmotic stress activates nif and fix genes and induces the Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 Nod factor production via NodD2 by up-regulation of the nodA2 operon and the nodA3 gene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213298. [PMID: 30917160 PMCID: PMC6436695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The symbiosis between rhizobia and legumes is characterized by a complex molecular dialogue in which the bacterial NodD protein plays a major role due to its capacity to activate the expression of the nodulation genes in the presence of appropiate flavonoids. These genes are involved in the synthesis of molecules, the nodulation factors (NF), responsible for launching the nodulation process. Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899, a rhizobial strain that nodulates Phaseolus vulgaris, is characterized by its tolerance to multiple environmental stresses such as high temperatures, acidity or elevated osmolarity. This strain produces nodulation factors under saline stress and the same set of CIAT 899 nodulation genes activated by inducing flavonoids are also up-regulated in a process controlled by the NodD2 protein. In this paper, we have studied the effect of osmotic stress (high mannitol concentrations) on the R. tropici CIAT 899 transcriptomic response. In the same manner as with saline stress, the osmotic stress mediated NF production and export was controlled directly by NodD2. In contrast to previous reports, the nodA2FE operon and the nodA3 and nodD1 genes were up-regulated with mannitol, which correlated with an increase in the production of biologically active NF. Interestingly, in these conditions, this regulatory protein controlled not only the expression of nodulation genes but also the expression of other genes involved in protein folding and synthesis, motility, synthesis of polysaccharides and, surprinsingly, nitrogen fixation. Moreover, the non-metabolizable sugar dulcitol was also able to induce the NF production and the activation of nod genes in CIAT 899.
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6
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Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Kawaharada Y, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Gil-Serrano A, Soria-Díaz ME, Pérez-Montaño F, Fernández-Perea J, Niu Y, Alias-Villegas C, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Navarro-Gómez P, López-Baena FJ, Kelly S, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Vinardell JM. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 nolR and nodD2 mutants gain capacity for infection thread invasion of Lotus japonicus Gifu and Lotus burttii. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1718-1739. [PMID: 30839140 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 RifR , a broad-host-range rhizobial strain, forms ineffective nodules with Lotus japonicus but induces nitrogen-fixing nodules in Lotus burttii roots that are infected by intercellular entry. Here we show that HH103 RifR nolR or nodD2 mutants gain the ability to induce infection thread formation and to form nitrogen-fixing nodules in L. japonicus Gifu. Microscopy studies showed that the mode of infection of L. burttii roots by the nodD2 and nolR mutants switched from intercellular entry to infection threads (ITs). In the presence of the isoflavone genistein, both mutants overproduced Nod-factors. Transcriptomic analyses showed that, in the presence of Lotus japonicus Gifu root exudates, genes related to Nod factors production were overexpressed in both mutants in comparison to HH103 RifR . Complementation of the nodD2 and nolR mutants provoked a decrease in Nod-factor production, the incapacity to form nitrogen-fixing nodules with L. japonicus Gifu and restored the intercellular way of infection in L. burttii. Thus, the capacity of S. fredii HH103 RifR nodD2 and nolR mutants to infect L. burttii and L. japonicus Gifu by ITs and fix nitrogen L. japonicus Gifu might be correlated with Nod-factor overproduction, although other bacterial symbiotic signals could also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark.,Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María E Soria-Díaz
- Servicio de Espectrometría de Masas, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Montaño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Perea
- IFAPA, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yanbo Niu
- Department of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, No. 68, Zhaolin Street, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Baena
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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7
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Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Kawaharada Y, Perea JF, Gil-Serrano A, Jin H, An Q, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Andersen SU, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Vinardell JM, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Invades Lotus burttii by Crack Entry in a Nod Factor-and Surface Polysaccharide-Dependent Manner. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:925-937. [PMID: 27827003 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-16-0195-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103-Rifr, a broad host range rhizobial strain, induces nitrogen-fixing nodules in Lotus burttii but ineffective nodules in L. japonicus. Confocal microscopy studies showed that Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 and S. fredii HH103-Rifr invade L. burttii roots through infection threads or epidermal cracks, respectively. Infection threads in root hairs were not observed in L. burttii plants inoculated with S. fredii HH103-Rifr. A S. fredii HH103-Rifr nodA mutant failed to nodulate L. burttii, demonstrating that Nod factors are strictly necessary for this crack-entry mode, and a noeL mutant was also severely impaired in L. burttii nodulation, indicating that the presence of fucosyl residues in the Nod factor is symbiotically relevant. However, significant symbiotic impacts due to the absence of methylation or to acetylation of the fucosyl residue were not detected. In contrast S. fredii HH103-Rifr mutants showing lipopolysaccharide alterations had reduced symbiotic capacity, while mutants affected in production of either exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, or both were not impaired in nodulation. Mutants unable to produce cyclic glucans and purine or pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants formed ineffective nodules with L. burttii. Flagellin-dependent bacterial mobility was not required for crack infection, since HH103-Rifr fla mutants nodulated L. burttii. None of the S. fredii HH103-Rifr surface-polysaccharide mutants gained effective nodulation with L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Juan Fernández Perea
- 2 IFAPA, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- 4 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Haojie Jin
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Qi An
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- 4 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stig U Andersen
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Niels Sandal
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Stougaard
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - José-María Vinardell
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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García-Calderón M, Chiurazzi M, Espuny MR, Márquez AJ. Photorespiratory metabolism and nodule function: behavior of Lotus japonicus mutants deficient in plastid glutamine synthetase. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:211-219. [PMID: 22007601 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-11-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Two photorespiratory mutants of Lotus japonicus deficient in plastid glutamine synthetase (GS(2)) were examined for their capacity to establish symbiotic association with Mesorhizobium loti bacteria. Biosynthetic glutamine synthetase (GS) activity was reduced by around 40% in crude nodule extracts from mutant plants as compared with the wild type (WT). Western blot analysis further confirmed the lack of GS(2) polypeptide in mutant nodules. The decrease in GS activity affected the nodular carbon metabolism under high CO(2) (suppressed photorespiration) conditions, although mutant plants were able to form nodules and fix atmospheric nitrogen. However, when WT and mutant plants were transferred to an ordinary air atmosphere (photorespiratory active conditions) the nodulation process and nitrogen fixation were substantially affected, particularly in mutant plants. The number and fresh weight of mutant nodules as well as acetylene reduction activity showed a strong inhibition compared with WT plants. Optical microscopy studies from mutant plant nodules revealed the anticipated senescence phenotype linked to an important reduction in starch and sucrose levels. These results show that, in Lotus japonicus, photorespiration and, particularly, GS(2) deficiency result in profound limitations in carbon metabolism that affect the nodulation process and nitrogen fixation.
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Mutation in the cobO gene generates auxotrophy for cobalamin and methionine and impairs the symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 with soybean and other legumes. Arch Microbiol 2008; 191:11-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-008-0424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Revised: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Romero F, Buendía-Clavería A, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Broad host-range effective mutants of Rhizobium fredii strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb05192.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Espuny MR, Ollero FJ, Bellogin RA, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Perez-Silva J. Transfer of theRhizobium leguminosarumbiovartrifoliisymbiotic plasmid pRtr5a to a strain ofRhizobiumsp. that nodulates onHedysarum coronarium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1987.tb02412.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Effect of two plant extracts and Lactobacillus fermentum on colonization of gastrointestinal tract by Salmonella enterica var. Düsseldorf in chicks. Biologia (Bratisl) 2006. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-006-0156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Madinabeitia N, Bellogín RA, Buendía-Clavería AM, Camacho M, Cubo T, Espuny MR, Gil-Serrano AM, Lyra MCCP, Moussaid A, Ollero FJ, Soria-Díaz ME, Vinardell JM, Zeng J, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 has a truncated nolO gene due to a -1 frameshift mutation that is conserved among other geographically distant S. fredii strains. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2002; 15:150-159. [PMID: 11878319 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.2.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Strain SVQ121 is a mutant derivative of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 carrying a transposon Tn5-lacZ insertion into the nolO-coding region. Sequence analysis of the wild-type gene revealed that it is homologous to that of Rhizobium sp. NGR234, which is involved in the 3 (or 4)-O-carbamoylation of the nonreducing terminus of Nod factors. Downstream of nolO, as in Rhizobium sp. NGR234, the noeI gene responsible for methylation of the fucose moiety of Nod factors was found. SVQ121 Nod factors showed lower levels of methylation into the fucosyl residue than those of HH103-suggesting a polar effect of the transposon insertion into nolO over the noel gene. A noeI HH103 mutant was constructed. This mutant, SVQ503, produced Nod factors devoid of methyl groups, confirming that the S. fredii noeI gene is functional. Neither the nolO nor the noeI mutation affected the ability of HH103 to nodulate several host plants, but both mutations reduced competitiveness to nodulate soybean. The Nod factors produced by strain HH103, like those of other S. fredii isolates, lack carbamoyl residues. By using specific polymerase chain reaction primers, we sequenced the nolO gene of S. fredii strains USDA192, USDA193, USDA257, and 042B(s). All the analyzed strains showed the same -1 frameshift mutation that is present in the HH103 nolO-coding region. From these results, it is concluded that, regardless of their geographical origin, S. fredii strains carry the nolO-coding region but that it is truncated by the same base-pair deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Madinabeitia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Lamrabet Y, Bellogín RA, Cubo T, Espuny R, Gil A, Krishnan HB, Megias M, Ollero FJ, Pueppke SG, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Spaink HP, Tejero-Mateo P, Thomas-Oates J, Vinardell JM. Mutation in GDP-fucose synthesis genes of Sinorhizobium fredii alters Nod factors and significantly decreases competitiveness to nodulate soybeans. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 1999; 12:207-17. [PMID: 10065558 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.3.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We mutagenized Sinorhizobium fredii HH103-1 with Tn5-B20 and screened about 2,000 colonies for increased beta-galactosidase activity in the presence of the flavonoid naringenin. One mutant, designated SVQ287, produces lipochitooligosaccharide Nod factors (LCOs) that differ from those of the parental strain. The nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine residues of all of the LCOs of mutant SVQ287 lack fucose and 2-O-methylfucose substituents. In addition, SVQ287 synthesizes an LCO with an unusually long, C20:1 fatty acyl side chain. The transposon insertion of mutant SVQ287 lies within a 1.1-kb HindIII fragment. This and an adjacent 2.4-kb HindIII fragment were sequenced. The sequence contains the 3' end of noeK, nodZ, and noeL (the gene interrupted by Tn5-B20), and the 5' end of nolK, all in the same orientation. Although each of these genes has a similarly oriented counterpart on the symbiosis plasmid of the broad-host-range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, there are significant differences in the noeK/nodZ intergenic region. Based on amino acid sequence homology, noeL encodes GDP-D-mannose dehydratase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of GDP-L-fucose, and nolK encodes a NAD-dependent nucleotide sugar epimerase/dehydrogenase. We show that expression of the noeL gene is under the control of NodD1 in S. fredii and is most probably mediated by the nod box that precedes nodZ. Transposon insertion into neoL has two impacts on symbiosis with Williams soybean: nodulation rate is reduced slightly and competitiveness for nodulation is decreased significantly. Mutant SVQ287 retains its ability to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on other legumes, but final nodule number is attenuated on Cajanus cajan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lamrabet
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
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Buendia-Claveria AM, Romero F, Cubo T, Perez-Silva J, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Inter and Intraspecific Transfer of a Rhizobium fredii Symbiotic Plasmid: Expression and Incompatibility of Symbiotic Plasmids. Syst Appl Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0723-2020(89)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Selection and symbiotic properties ofRhizobium leguminosarum biovarphaseoli strains harboring pRtr5a. Curr Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01568938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cubo MT, Buendia-Claveria AM, Beringer JE, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Melanin Production by
Rhizobium
Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 1988; 54:1812-7. [PMID: 16347690 PMCID: PMC202750 DOI: 10.1128/aem.54.7.1812-1817.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different
Rhizobium
and
Bradyrhizobium
strains were screened for their ability to produce melanin. Pigment producers (Mel
+
) were found among strains of
R. leguminosarum
biovars
viceae, trifolii
, and
phaseoli, R. meliloti
, and
R. fredii
; none of 19
Bradyrhizobium
strains examined gave a positive response. Melanin production and
nod
genes were plasmid borne in
R. leguminosarum
biovar
trifolii
RS24. In
R. leguminosarum
biovar
phaseoli
CFN42 and
R. meliloti
GR015,
mel
genes were located in the respective symbiotic plasmids. In
R. fredii
USDA 205, melanin production correlated with the presence of its smallest indigenous plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Cubo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1095, 41080 Seville, Spain, and Department of Microbiology, University of Bristol, The Medical School, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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