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Singh PK, Pandey S, Rani C, Ahmad N, Viswanathan V, Sharma P, Kaur P, Sharma S, Singh TP. Potassium-induced partial inhibition of lactoperoxidase: structure of the complex of lactoperoxidase with potassium ion at 2.20 Å resolution. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:149-159. [PMID: 33427997 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase, a heme-containing glycoprotein, catalyzes the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide into hypothiocyanite which acts as an antibacterial agent. The prosthetic heme moiety is attached to the protein through two ester linkages via Glu258 and Asp108. In lactoperoxidase, the substrate-binding site is formed on the distal heme side. To study the effect of physiologically important potassium ion on the structure and function of lactoperoxidase, the fresh protein samples were isolated from yak (Bos grunniens) colostrum and purified to homogeneity. The biochemical studies with potassium fluoride showed a significant reduction in the catalytic activity. Lactoperoxidase was crystallized using 200 mM ammonium nitrate and 20% PEG-3350 at pH 6.0. The crystals of LPO were soaked in the solution of potassium fluoride and used for the X-ray intensity data collection. Structure determination at 2.20 Å resolution revealed the presence of a potassium ion in the distal heme cavity. Structure determination further revealed that the propionic chain attached to pyrrole ring C of the heme moiety, was disordered into two components each having an occupancy of 0.5. One component occupied a position similar to the normally observed position of propionic chain while the second component was found in the distal heme cavity. The potassium ion in the distal heme cavity formed five coordinate bonds with two oxygen atoms of propionic moiety, Nε2 atom of His109 and two oxygen atoms of water molecules. The presence of potassium ion in the distal heme cavity hampered the catalytic activity of lactoperoxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Chitra Rani
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Nayeem Ahmad
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - V Viswanathan
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Sujata Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Tej P Singh
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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El-Fakharany EM. Nanoformulation approach for improved stability and efficiency of lactoperoxidase. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:629-641. [PMID: 33243065 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1848866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase is a glycosylated protein with a molecular mass of 78 kDa, which being excreted in several mammalian secretions. Lactoperoxidase is included in many biological processes and well-known to have biocidal actions, attending as active antibiotics and antiviral agents. This wide-spectrum of biocidal activities mediates via a definite inhibitory system named lactoperoxidase system which acts a potent role in the innate immune response since its activity is not restricted by the antimicrobial effect, but might act a significant role in the hydrolysis of many toxins like aflatoxin. Hence with the current progresses in technology, nanoparticles can offer chances as an active candidate that might be utilized for stabilizing and potentiating the activity of LPO for use in several applications. Due to the variability functions of LPO, this enzyme considers an active target to be encapsulated or coated to NPs for developing novel nanocombinations with controlled surface characteristics. The development of approaches which might enhance conformational stabilization for several weeks of LPO via nanoformulation could improve the biopharmaceutical applicability of this bioactive ingredient. Nanoformulation of LPO enhances novel functions that can be useful in many biotechnological applications like food industry, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications or to deliver and encapsulate bioactive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
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3
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Lara-Aguilar S, Alcaine SD. Lactose oxidase: A novel activator of the lactoperoxidase system in milk for improved shelf life. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1933-1942. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) has bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on various microorganisms and it creates a natural antimicrobial defense system. So, LPO is one of the essential enzyme in biological systems and the protection of the LPO activity is extremely important for the immune system. Because of these features, the protection of the activity of the LPO has vital importance for the health of the organisms. Also, LPO is used in various sectors from cosmetics industry to agriculture industry due to its broad antimicrobial properties. Therefore, the identification of inhibitors and activators of the LPO is becoming increasingly important. In present study we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of some indazoles [1H-indazole (1a), 4-Bromo-1H-indazole (2a), 6-Bromo-1H-indazole (3a), 7-Bromo-1H-indazole (4a), 4-chloro-1H-indazole (5a), 6-chloro-1H-indazole (6a), 7-chloro-1H-indazole (7a), 4-fluoro-1H-indazole (8a), 6-fluoro-1H-indazole (9a), 7-fluoro-1H-indazole (10a)] on bovine milk LPO. Indazole derivatives are heterocyclic organic molecules with a wide range of biological activity. For this aim, bovine milk LPO was purified using Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-5-amino-2-methyl benzenesulfonamide affinity chromatography method. Then, the potential inhibitory effects of indazoles on LPO activity were investigated. Ki values were calculated for each indazole molecule. Ki values were ranging from 4.10 to 252.78 µM for 1a to10a. All of the indazole molecules we studied showed strong inhibitory effect on LPO activity. Also we determined inhibition types of the indazoles to clarify the mechanisms of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Köksal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Alim
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
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5
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Synergistic Effect of the Lactoperoxidase System and Cinnamon Essential Oil on Total Flora andSalmonellaGrowth Inhibition in Raw Milk. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/8547954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its antibacterial and antipathogenic effects, the heat treatment of milk induces undesirable changes that can be noted in the overall properties of ultrahigh temperature (UHT) milk, such as changes in nutritional and organoleptic properties. Our goal is to find new nonthermal antibacterial technologies for the preservation of raw milk (RM). This study investigates the possible synergistic effect of using a combination of the lactoperoxidase system (LS) and 3 μg mL−1of cinnamon essential oil (cinnamon EO) to inactivate the total flora of milk andSalmonellaHadar (S. Hadar). The LS was activated with 30 mg L−1sodium percarbonate and 14 mg L−1of sodium thiocyanate. Using this approach, we obtained a synergistic effect with a complete inhibition of the activity of the total flora of the milk andS.Hadar after 12 hours at 25°C. In addition, the attainment of synergy was defined when the inhibitory effect of the two compounds together was greater than the effect observed by each compound added alone. Moreover, the monitoring of the synergistic effect at 4°C for 5 days showed complete inhibition of total flora for 3 days and forS. Hadar it was up to 5 days. To summarize, the current study clearly identified a new inhibitory combination that may be used in food-based applications.
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El-Fakharany EM, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Comparative Analysis of the Antiviral Activity of Camel, Bovine, and Human Lactoperoxidases Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:294-310. [PMID: 27854033 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Redwan EM, Almehdar HA, EL-Fakharany EM, Baig AWK, Uversky VN. Potential antiviral activities of camel, bovine, and human lactoperoxidases against hepatitis C virus genotype 4. RSC Adv 2015; 5:60441-60452. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoperoxidases (LPOs) were assayed against hepatitis C virus (HCV) using PCR. Direct interaction of HCV with LPO neutralized the viral particles and prevented entry into cells. LPOs inhibited virus amplification in infected HepG2 cells with a relative activity of 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Department of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A. Almehdar
- Department of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Esmail M. EL-Fakharany
- Protective and Therapeutic Proteins Laboratory
- Protein Research Department
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI
- City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications
- Alexandria
| | - Abdul-Wahab K. Baig
- Department of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Biological Science
- Faculty of Science
- King Abdulaziz University
- Jeddah 21589
- Saudi Arabia
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Şisecioglu M, Gülçin İ, Çankaya M, Ozdemir H. The Inhibitory Effects of L-Adrenaline on Lactoperoxidase Enzyme Purified from Bovine Milk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2010.511924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Şişecioğlu M, Çankaya M, Gülçin İ, Özdemir H. Interactions of melatonin and serotonin with lactoperoxidase enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:779-83. [PMID: 20121623 DOI: 10.3109/14756360903425239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is the chief secretory product of the pineal gland and is synthesized enzymatically from serotonin. These indoleamine derivatives play an important role in the prevention of oxidative damage. Lactoperoxidase (LPO; EC 1.11.1.7) was purified from bovine milk with three purification steps: Amberlite CG-50 resin, CM-Sephadex C-50 ion-exchange, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration chromatography, respectively. LPO was purified with a yield of 21.6%, a specific activity of 34.0 EU/mg protein, and 14.7-fold purification. To determine the enzyme purity, SDS-PAGE was performed and a single band was observed. The R(z) (A(412)/A(280)) value for LPO was 0.9. The effect of melatonin and serotonin on lactoperoxidase was determined using ABTS as chromogenic substrate. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values for melatonin and serotonin were found to be 1.46 and 1.29 μM, respectively. Also, the inhibition constants (K(i)) for melatonin and serotonin were 0.82 ± 0.28 and 0.26 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Both melatonin and serotonin were found to be competitive inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Şişecioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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García‐Garibay M, Luna‐Salazar A, Casas L. Antimicrobial effect of the lactoperoxidase system in milk activated by immobilized enzymes. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08905439509549890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Zhou Y, Lim LT. Activation of Lactoperoxidase System in Milk by Glucose Oxidase Immobilized in Electrospun Polylactide Microfibers. J Food Sci 2009; 74:C170-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2009.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Singh AK, Singh N, Sharma S, Singh SB, Kaur P, Bhushan A, Srinivasan A, Singh TP. Crystal Structure of Lactoperoxidase at 2.4 Å Resolution. J Mol Biol 2008; 376:1060-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Adolphe Y, Jacquot M, Linder M, Revol-Junelles AM, Millière JB. Optimization of the components concentrations of the lactoperoxidase system by RSM. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:1034-42. [PMID: 16630004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02892.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work was to use response surface methodology (RSM) approach, a statistical mathematical tool, to model effects and interactions of glucose oxidase (GOD), glucose, lactoperoxidase (LPO) and pH-values on the thiocyanate (SCN-) peroxidation, to determine the best concentrations of lactoperoxidase system (LP-s) components in order to obtain maximal SCN- peroxidation and so to enhance the LP-s antibacterial effects. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental design using RSM was used for modelling effects and interactions of GOD (28.5-142.5 IU l(-1)), glucose (0.55-11.11 mmol l(-1)), LPO (0-6284 IU l(-1)) concentrations, and pH-values (6.0-7.4) on thiocyanate peroxidation. A fixed SCN- concentration of 0.5 mmol l(-1) was used. Experiments were carried out at 4 or at 25 degrees C in 0.1 mol l(-1) phosphate buffer. Optimized concentrations for both temperatures (4 and 25 degrees C) were quite similar and were 85.5 IU l(-1) for GOD, 8 mmol l(-1) for glucose and 3927.5 IU l(-1) for LPO at an initial pH-value of 6.5. SCN- peroxidation was more efficient at 25 than at 4 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, no interaction between factors occurred. At 25 degrees C, thiocyanate peroxidation was affected by GOD/glucose, GOD/pH and LPO/pH. Thiocyanate peroxidation was mainly increased by glucose and LPO factors. The optimized system had a bacteriostatic effect on Listeria monocytogenes CIP 82110(T) and a strong bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas fluorescens CIP 6913(T). CONCLUSIONS Appropriate combinations of LPO, GOD, glucose concentrations and pH-values allowed maximal thiocyanate peroxidation and enhanced the antibacterial effect of the LP-s. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This optimization by RSM approach allowed a better understanding of the LP-s functioning, the description of the component impacts on the SCN- peroxidation, and the observation of different interactions between the factors. The antimicrobial efficiency of LP-s can be enhanced by better concentration ratios of the LP-s components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Adolphe
- Laboratoire de Sciences et Génie Alimentaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (ENSAIA-INPL), Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France
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Touch V, Hayakawa S, Yamada S, Kaneko S. Effects of a lactoperoxidase–thiocyanate–hydrogen peroxide system on Salmonella enteritidis in animal or vegetable foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 93:175-83. [PMID: 15135956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2003] [Accepted: 11/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase (LPO) from skim milk was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The purified protein was used to catalyze the oxidation of thiocyanate by H2O2 in an antibacterial system (LPO system). The LPO system was used to inactivate or inhibit Salmonella enteritidis in tomato juice, carrot juice, milk, liquid whole egg, and chicken skin extract under various conditions. The system was found to be more effective against the organism in vegetable juices than in animal products, at low pH than at neutral pH, and at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. Acid-adapted S. enteritidis cells were more susceptible than nonadapted cells. The system reduced numbers of S. enteritidis in vegetable products by up to 5.4 log units and inhibited growth of the organism in animal-derived foods during 4 h incubation at 30 degrees C. Sodium chloride (>100 mM) and polyphosphate (0.01-0.5%) enhanced the antibacterial effects of the system in tomato juice and chicken skin extract, respectively. The findings indicate that the LPO system could probably be used to prevent the growth and survival of salmonellae in minimally processed fruit and vegetable products, but combination of the system with other preservatives or treatments would be needed to effectively inhibit growth and survival of salmonellae in animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalsok Touch
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe, Kagawa, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Model biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were made on steel and polypropylene substrata. Plaque-resembling biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were made on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite. The activity of enzymes against bacterial cells in biofilm was measured by fluorescence microscopy and an indirect conductance test in which evolution of carbon dioxide was measured. Glucose oxidase combined with lactoperoxidase was bactericidal against biofilm bacteria but did not remove the biofilm from the substrata. A complex mixture of polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes was able to remove bacterial biofilm from steel and polypropylene substrata but did not have a significant bactericidal activity. Combining oxidoreductases with polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes resulted in bactericidal activity as well as removal of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Johansen
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Alle, Bagsvoerd, Denmark.
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17
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Walker JV, Butler A. Vanadium bromoperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide. Inorganica Chim Acta 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-1693(96)84700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chochola J, Strosberg AD, Stanislawski M. Release of hydrogen peroxide from human T cell lines and normal lymphocytes co-infected with HIV-1 and mycoplasma. Free Radic Res 1995; 23:197-212. [PMID: 7581816 DOI: 10.3109/10715769509064034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lines and normal lymphocytes persistently or acutely co-infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and mycoplasmas were found to release hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a likely cause of oxidative stress in these cells. The spectrofluorometric measurement of H2O2 release from these cells, using the scopoletin fluorescence quenching technique, gave values of 16-84 p moles/10(6) cells/min. In CEM cells, H2O2 was released only when acutely co-infected with HIV-1 and mycoplasmas, and not when infected with either organism alone. Anti-mycoplasmal antibiotics strongly reduced H2O2 release, and improved cell viability without blocking virus replication. These results suggest that the simultaneous infection by HIV-1 and mycoplasma leads to the release of H2O2, a toxic and potentially lethal metabolite, which in vivo may contribute to HIV-1 pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chochola
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses, Parasitaires et Tropicales, INSERM U313, CHU Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France
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O'Toole DK. Factors inhibiting and stimulating bacterial growth in milk: an historical perspective. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1995; 40:45-94. [PMID: 7604740 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D K O'Toole
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon
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Chochola J, Yamaguchi Y, Moguilevsky N, Bollen A, Strosberg AD, Stanislawski M. Virucidal effect of myeloperoxidase on human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected T cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38:969-72. [PMID: 8067778 PMCID: PMC188135 DOI: 10.1128/aac.38.5.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase is virucidal to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the persistently infected CEM human T-cell line or in acutely infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as judged by viral infectivity and P24 radioimmunoassay. HIV-1 was specifically inactivated by low doses of the human myeloperoxidase (1.4 to 14.3 mU/ml) and the cells were spared. A higher enzyme concentration (143 mU/m) was cytotoxic, but uninfected CEM cells and normal lymphocytes were resistant to > or = 143 mU of myeloperoxidase per ml. The enzyme was virucidal with the Cl- present in medium and did not require exogenous H2O2. Catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, partially inhibited the virucidal effect of myeloperoxidase. Hence, the H2O2 probably came from the HIV-infected cells themselves. These in vitro findings indicate that the myeloperoxidase system is capable of inactivating HIV-1 of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chochola
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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Yamaguchi Y, Semmel M, Stanislawski L, Strosberg AD, Stanislawski M. Virucidal effects of glucose oxidase and peroxidase or their protein conjugates on human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37:26-31. [PMID: 8381638 PMCID: PMC187599 DOI: 10.1128/aac.37.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase and peroxidase (lactoperoxidase or myeloperoxidase) are virucidal to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the presence of sodium iodide, as assessed by the loss of viral replication in a syncytium-forming assay or by the inhibition of cytopathic effects on infected cells. In the presence of low concentrations of sodium iodide, five HIV-1 isolates were equally susceptible to this virucidal system at enzyme concentrations of a few milliunits. The loss of viral replication was linearly related to the time of incubation in the enzyme solutions, with an inactivation rate of 1 log unit every 30 min. These enzymes and this halide were also cytotoxic to chronically infected, but not to uninfected, cultured CEM cells. Protein conjugates were prepared by using the enzymes and murine antibody 105.34, which recognized the V3 loop of HIV-1 LAI isolate surface glycoprotein, or recombinant human CD4. The protein conjugates inactivated free virus at rates similar to those of the free enzymes and were more effective than antibody or recombinant CD4 alone. These in vitro findings demonstrate that the peroxidase-H2O2-halide system provides potent virucidal activity against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamaguchi
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Groupe de Laboratoires de l'Institut de Recherches Scientifiques sur le Cancer, Villejuif, France
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Grieve PA, Dionysius DA, Vos AC. In vitro antibacterial activity of the lactoperoxidase system towards enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE B. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. SERIES B 1992; 39:537-45. [PMID: 1455945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide (LP) system inhibited the growth of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains responsible for scouring in neonatal and post-weaning piglets. An enzymatic system for hydrogen peroxide generation (glucose oxidase, GO; 0.1 U/ml) and a chemical source (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, SCP; 90 mg/l) were used in the LP system to test 19 strains in a 6-h growth assay at 37 degrees C. Only three strains were highly sensitive to the LP/GO system, while all exhibited significant growth inhibition with the LP/SCP system. Hydrogen peroxide alone had less effect than the complete system. The bactericidal activity of the LP/GO system towards a previously resistant strain was greatly increased by increasing the level of glucose oxidase in the system by three- or five-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Grieve
- International Food Institute of Queensland, Australia
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