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Foffová H, Ćavar Zeljković S, Honěk A, Martinková Z, Tarkowski P, Saska P. Which Seed Properties Determine the Preferences of Carabid Beetle Seed Predators? INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110757. [PMID: 33158042 PMCID: PMC7692740 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The carabid beetles are well known for the consumption of weed seeds in arable land, but how they choose the seeds is poorly known. In this work, we try to explain the patterns in preferences of 37 species of carabids based on eight seed properties of 28 species of seeds. Surprisingly, chemical properties of the seeds did not affect the preferences. Instead, preferences were driven mainly by seed structural properties. The importance of particular seed properties was also affected by the degree of predator specialization. Abstract Ground beetles are important invertebrate seed predators in temperate agro-ecosystems. However, there is a lack of information regarding which seed properties are important to carabids when they select seeds for consumption. Therefore, seed properties, such as size, shape, morphological defence, and chemical composition, were measured, and in addition to seed taxonomy and ecology, these data were used to explain carabid preferences. Carabid preferences were assessed using a multi-choice experiment with 28 species of weed seeds presented to 37 species of Carabidae. Multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) was used to determine the importance of particular sets of seed properties for carabids. The analysis was conducted for the full set of carabids (37 species) as well as for subsets of species belonging to the tribes of Harpalini or Zabrini. For the complete set of species, seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties significantly explained carabid preferences (proportion of explained variance, R2 = 0.465). The model for Harpalini fit the data comparably well (R2 = 0.477), and seed dimensions, seed mass and seed coat properties were significant. In comparison to that for Harpalini, the model for Zabrini had much lower explanatory power (R2 = 0.248), and the properties that significantly affected the preferences were seed dimensions, seed mass, taxonomy, plant strategy, and seed coat properties. This result suggests that the seed traits that carabids respond to may be specific to taxonomic and likely relate to the degree of specialisation for seeds. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that determine the preferences of carabid beetles for seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Foffová
- Crop Research Institute, Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (Z.M.); (P.S.)
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.Ć.Z.); (P.T.)
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Honěk
- Crop Research Institute, Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (Z.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Zdenka Martinková
- Crop Research Institute, Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (Z.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (S.Ć.Z.); (P.T.)
- Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Phytochemistry, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Saska
- Crop Research Institute, Functional Diversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Drnovská 507, Ruzyně, 161 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (Z.M.); (P.S.)
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Voronova EN, Konyukhov IV, Koksharova OA, Popova AA, Pogosyan SI, Khmel IA, Rubin AB. Inhibition of cyanobacterial photosynthetic activity by natural ketones. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2019; 55:840-857. [PMID: 30913303 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial volatiles have a significant impact on the physiological functions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Various ketones are present in volatile mixtures produced by plants, bacteria, and fungi. Our earlier results demonstrated the inhibitory effects of soil bacteria volatiles, including ketones, on cyanobacteria. In this work, we thoroughly examined the natural ketones, 2-nonanone and 2-undecanone to determine their influence on the photosynthetic activity in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. We observed for the first time that the ketones strongly inhibit electron transport through PSII in cyanobacteria cells in vivo. The addition of ketones decreases the quantum yield of primary PSII photoreactions and changes the PSII chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves. There are clear indications that the ketones inhibit electron transfer from QA to QB , electron transport at the donor side of PSII. The ketones can also modify the process of energy transfer from the antenna complex to the PSII reaction center and, by this means, increase both chlorophyll fluorescence quantum yield and the chlorophyll excited state lifetime. At the highest tested concentration (5 mM) 2-nonanone also induced chlorophyll release from Synechococcus cells that strongly indicates the possible role of the ketones as detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Voronova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan V Konyukhov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Koksharova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 40, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Popova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Sergey I Pogosyan
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Inessa A Khmel
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurchatov Square, 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Andrey B Rubin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Lee S, Yin G, Bennett JW. Chapter 36 Airborne Signals. Mycology 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315119496-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Alothman M, Lusk KA, Silcock P, Bremer PJ. Comparing PTR-MS profile of milk inoculated with pure or mixed cultures of spoilage bacteria. Food Microbiol 2017; 64:155-163. [PMID: 28213021 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with UHT milk (n=8) inoculated with either pure inoculums of Pseudomonas fluorescens (two strains tested) or Chryseobacterium sp., or with mixed cultures of 2 or all 3 of the bacterial strains, and held at 4.5 °C for up to 26 days was measured using proton transfer reaction - mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The VOCs evolved included a range of carbonyl compounds, alcohols, esters, and acids and had significant qualitative and quantitative differences between the inoculums. Milks inoculated with paired (mixed) bacterial cultures attained patterns similar to the VOC composition of one of the pure inoculums, which could be attributed to the domination of these bacteria within the mixed inoculum. This study will help to characterize the spoilage of milk and provide important insights into understanding the factors that limit the shelf life of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alothman
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, 276 Leith Walk, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Karen A Lusk
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, 276 Leith Walk, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Patrick Silcock
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, 276 Leith Walk, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Phil J Bremer
- Department of Food Science, University of Otago, 276 Leith Walk, 9054 Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Ogunremi OR, Agrawal R, Sanni AI. Development of cereal-based functional food using cereal-mix substrate fermented with probiotic strain - Pichia kudriavzevii OG32. Food Sci Nutr 2015; 3:486-94. [PMID: 26788290 PMCID: PMC4708658 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic strains contribute to the functionality of foods during fermentation. In this present work, cereal-mix was fermented with probiotic Pichia kudriavzevii OG32. Selected fermentation parameters and functional properties of the product were determined. The growth of Pichia kudriavzevii OG32 was supported by the cereal-mix containing 1% salt and 0.2% red chili powder to counts of between 7.46 and 8.22 Log10 cfu/mL within 24 h. Pichia kudriavzevii OG32 increased the viscosity of cereal-mix with the highest inoculum size (1.84x105cfu/ml) giving the highest viscosity of 1793.6 mPa.S. An inoculum size of 1.98 × 10(4) cfu/mL gave the most acceptable product based on the sensory evaluation by the panelist. Forty volatile compounds were identified in the fermented product, while acids (32.21%) and esters (32.37%) accounted for the largest proportions. The cereal-based fermented product scavenged DPPH from 200 μmol/L methanolic solution by 55.71%. Probiotic yeast improved the sensory and some functional properties of cereal-based substrate during fermentation. This is one of the first reports on the volatile composition of cereal-based functional food produced with probiotic yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omotade R Ogunremi
- Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria; Food Microbiology Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Renu Agrawal
- Food Microbiology Department Central Food Technological Research Institute Mysore India
| | - Abiodun I Sanni
- Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria
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Peñuelas J, Asensio D, Tholl D, Wenke K, Rosenkranz M, Piechulla B, Schnitzler JP. Biogenic volatile emissions from the soil. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1866-91. [PMID: 24689847 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds are usually associated with an appearance/presence in the atmosphere. Recent advances, however, indicated that the soil is a huge reservoir and source of biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOCs), which are formed from decomposing litter and dead organic material or are synthesized by underground living organism or organs and tissues of plants. This review summarizes the scarce available data on the exchange of VOCs between soil and atmosphere and the features of the soil and particle structure allowing diffusion of volatiles in the soil, which is the prerequisite for biological VOC-based interactions. In fact, soil may function either as a sink or as a source of bVOCs. Soil VOC emissions to the atmosphere are often 1-2 (0-3) orders of magnitude lower than those from aboveground vegetation. Microorganisms and the plant root system are the major sources for bVOCs. The current methodology to detect belowground volatiles is described as well as the metabolic capabilities resulting in the wealth of microbial and root VOC emissions. Furthermore, VOC profiles are discussed as non-destructive fingerprints for the detection of organisms. In the last chapter, belowground volatile-based bi- and multi-trophic interactions between microorganisms, plants and invertebrates in the soil are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
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Volatile Mediated Interactions Between Bacteria and Fungi in the Soil. J Chem Ecol 2012; 38:665-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-012-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nishijima KA, Wall MM, Siderhurst MS. Demonstrating Pathogenicity of Enterobacter cloacae on Macadamia and Identifying Associated Volatiles of Gray Kernel of Macadamia in Hawaii. PLANT DISEASE 2007; 91:1221-1228. [PMID: 30780515 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-91-10-1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Gray kernel is an important disease of macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) that affects the quality of kernels, causing gray discoloration and a permeating, foul odor. Gray kernel symptoms were produced in raw, in-shell kernels of three cultivars of macadamia that were inoculated with strains of Enterobacter cloacae. Koch's postulates were fulfilled for three strains, demonstrating that E. cloacae is a causal agent of gray kernel. An inoculation protocol was developed to consistently reproduce gray kernel symptoms. Among the E. cloacae strains studied, macadamia strain LK 0802-3 and ginger strain B193-3 produced the highest incidences of disease (65 and 40%, respectively). The other macadamia strain, KN 04-2, produced gray kernel in 21.7% of inoculated nuts. Control treatments had 1.7% gray kernel symptoms. Some abiotic and biotic factors that affected incidence of gray kernel in inoculated kernels were identified. Volatiles of gray and nongray kernel samples also were analyzed. Ethanol and acetic acid were present in nongray and gray kernel samples, whereas volatiles from gray kernel samples included the additional compounds, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin), 2,3-butanediol, phenol, and 2-methoxyphenol (guaiacol). This is believed to be the first report of the identification of volatile compounds associated with gray kernel.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Nishijima
- Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC), USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720
| | - M M Wall
- Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC), USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720
| | - M S Siderhurst
- Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center (PBARC), USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720
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Utama IMS, Wills RBH, Ben-Yehoshua S, Kuek C. In vitro efficacy of plant volatiles for inhibiting the growth of fruit and vegetable decay microorganisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:6371-7. [PMID: 12381119 DOI: 10.1021/jf020484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, nerolidol, 2-nonanone, beta-ionone, and ethyl formate vapors on the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digitatum, Colletotrichum musae, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on agar medium were evaluated. The aldehydes were found to be the strongest growth inhibitors and the most lethal to the fungal spores and mycelia and bacterial cells. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aldehydes that were germicidal to decay microorganisms were 0.28, 0.49, and 0.88 mmol per Petri dish, for cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and acetaldehyde, respectively. Ethanol also inhibited growth completely, but the MIC, which was 14.6 mmol per Petri dish, was significantly higher than those of the aldehydes. Ethanol can be considered germistatic because the alcohol does not inhibit germination of spores completely; it completely controlled only mycelial growth. The ketones tended to be effective only on P. digitatum and C. musae, whereas ethyl formate was not effective except on P. digitatum. The concentration of a volatile compound in the headspace of the Petri dish and its diffusion into the medium largely determined its efficacy against decay microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made S Utama
- Study Program of Agricultural Technology, Udayana University, Bukit Jimbaran Campus, Badung, Bali, Indonesia.
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Magan N, Evans P. Volatiles as an indicator of fungal activity and differentiation between species, and the potential use of electronic nose technology for early detection of grain spoilage. JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2000; 36:319-340. [PMID: 10880811 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-474x(99)00057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is significant interest in methods for the early detection of quality changes in cereal grains. The development of electronic nose technology in recent years has stimulated interest in the use of characteristic volatiles and odours as a rapid, early indication of deterioration in grain quality. This review details the current status of this area of research. The range of volatiles produced by spoilage fungi in vitro and on grain are described, and the key volatile groups indicative of spoilage are identified. The relationship between current grain quality descriptors and the general classes of off-odours as defined in the literature, e.g. sour, musty, are not very accurate and the possible correlation between these for wheat, maize and other cereals, and volatiles are detailed. Examples of differentiation of spoilage moulds and between grain types using an electronic nose instrument are described. The potential for rapid and remote grain classification and future prospects for the use of such technology as a major descriptor of quality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, Bedford, UK
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Jeleń H, Wasowicz E. Volatile fungal metabolites and their relation to the spoilage of agricultural commodities. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129809541170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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