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Urso M, Tumino S, Bruno E, Bordonaro S, Marletta D, Loria GR, Avni A, Shacham-Diamand Y, Priolo F, Mirabella S. Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Impedance Detection of Mycoplasma agalactiae DNA by Low-Cost and Disposable Au-Decorated NiO Nanowall Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50143-50151. [PMID: 33078934 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured electrodes detecting bacteria or viruses through DNA hybridization represent a promising method, which may be useful in on-field applications where PCR-based methods are very expensive, time-consuming, and require trained personnel. Indeed, electrochemical sensors combine disposability, fast response, high sensitivity, and portability. Here, a low-cost and high-surface-area electrode, based on Au-decorated NiO nanowalls, demonstrates a highly sensitive PCR-free detection of a real sample of Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) DNA. NiO nanowalls, synthesized by aqueous methods, thermal annealing, and Au decoration, by electroless deposition, ensure a high-surface-area platform for successful immobilization of Ma thiolated probe DNA. The morphological, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the electrode were characterized, and a reproducible detection of synthetic Ma DNA was observed and investigated by impedance measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) ascribed the origin of impedance signal to the Ma DNA hybridization with its probe immobilized onto the electrode. The electrode successfully discriminates between DNA extracted from healthy and infected sheep milk, showing the ability to detect Ma DNA in concentrations as low as 53 ± 2 copy number μL-1. The Au-decorated NiO nanowall electrode represents a promising route toward PCR-free, disposable, rapid, and molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Urso
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, and IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Tumino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Agalactia-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Bruno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, and IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvo Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Contagious Agalactia-Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yosi Shacham-Diamand
- Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
- TAU/TiET Food Security Centre of Excellence (T2FSCOE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Francesco Priolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, and IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvo Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Università di Catania, and IMM-CNR, via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Validation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Field Tool for Rapid and Sensitive Diagnosis of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030509. [PMID: 32204335 PMCID: PMC7143204 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Contagious agalactia (CA) is an infectious disease of small ruminants endemic in the Mediterranean countries, causing significant socioeconomic impacts predominantly on small-scale farmers who still subsist on marginal lands. Mycoplasma agalactiae is historically considered the principal etiological agent of CA, especially in sheep. Clinical signs are characterised by mastitis, arthritis, keratoconjunctivitis and occasionally, abortion. Rapid, accurate and cost-effective field tests are urgently needed for effective control of M. agalactiae mastitis. Our study illustrated the validation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) test for the detection of M. agalactiae in dairy sheep in order to confirm its application as a diagnostic tool in the field level. Abstract Contagious agalactia (CA), an infectious disease of small ruminants, caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae, is responsible for severe losses to dairy sheep production with substantial socioeconomic impacts on small-scale farmers. The diagnosis of CA is still problematic, time-consuming and requires well-equipped labs for confirmation of outbreaks. Therefore, rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic tests are urgently needed. This work aims to validate a novel Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) test, based on the p40 target gene, for the detection of M. agalactiae in dairy sheep in order to confirm its potential practical use as a rapid and cheap field test. The LAMP system proposed in this study consists of a portable device composed of real-time fluorometer with the automatic interpretation of results displayed in a tablet. A total of 110 milk samples (90 positives and 20 negatives) were analysed to optimise the analysis procedure and to investigate the efficacy and robustness of the LAMP method. All samples were analysed using LAMP and conventional real-time PCR to compare the diagnostic sensitivity of the methods. The sensitivity of the LAMP was 10-fold higher than that of real-time PCR, with a detection limit up to 103 CFU/ml. The LAMP assay was able to detect M. agalactiae in 81 of 90 (90%, 95%CI 0.84–0.96) positive milk samples compared to 69 (77%, 95%CI 0.59–0.95) positive samples detected by real-time PCR; no positive signal occurred for any of the negative milk samples in either test. Therefore, the LAMP assay was found to be more sensitive than real-time PCR, low-cost, easy to perform, fast and not affected by contamination, indicating its potential as an effective diagnostic tool in the field level for the diagnosis of CA.
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Di Domenico M, Curini V, De Massis F, Di Provvido A, Scacchia M, Cammà C. Coxiella burnetii in central Italy: novel genotypes are circulating in cattle and goats. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2016; 14:710-5. [PMID: 25325314 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotyping of bacteria is critical for diagnosis, treatment, and epidemiological surveillance. Coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of Q fever, has been recognized to have a potential for bioterrorism purposes. Because few serosurveys have been conducted in Italy, there is still limited information about the distribution of this pathogen in natural conditions. In this paper, we describe the genotyping of C. burnetii strains by multispacer sequence typing (MST) detected in cattle and goat farms in the Abruzzi region of Italy. Biological samples (milk, aborted fetus) positive for C. burnetii DNA were sequenced in the spacer regions and compared with those already publicly available ( http://ifr48.timone.univ-mrs.fr/MST_Coxiella/mst/group_detail ). The MST profile of C. burnetii detected in milk samples demonstrated the presence of a new allele, whereas the C. burnetii spacer sequences from fetus and milk goat samples displayed a new allelic combination. The results suggest the circulation of novel genotypes of C. burnetii in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Di Domenico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale" , Campo Boario, Teramo, Italy
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Marinaro M, Greco G, Tarsitano E, Ventrella G, Camero M, Corrente M, Rezza G, Buonavoglia D. Changes in peripheral blood leucocytes of sheep experimentally infected with Mycoplasma agalactiae. Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:257-64. [PMID: 25542289 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia is a serious disease of small ruminants affecting mainly mammary glands, joints and eyes. In sheep, the main aetiological agent is Mycoplasma agalactiae (Ma) whose abilities to persist in the target organs are known. Since there is no information on the effect of acute and chronic Ma infection on circulating leucocytes, the present study was designed to monitor granulocytes, monocytes, T and B lymphocytes, by flow cytometry, in female lactating sheep nasally infected with Ma. A profound depletion of leucocytes was observed from day 5 to day 34 post infection (p.i.). In particular, while the granulocytes returned to baseline levels by day 12 p.i., the monocytes remained significantly low until day 20 p.i. The infection caused a prolonged depletion of peripheral T lymphocytes (both CD4(+) and CD8(+)) while B lymphocytes remained unaltered throughout the study. Mycoplasma agalactiae was detected by real-time PCR in several anatomical sites (ear, nose and milk) from day 2-5 p.i. until the end of the study (i.e., day 50 p.i.) while a transient bacteraemia was observed from day 5 to day 12 p.i. The leucopenia observed following intranasal Ma infection is likely due to leucocyte infiltration within the target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Marinaro
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Elvira Tarsitano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Michele Camero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Marialaura Corrente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rezza
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Bari, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, Bari 70010, Italy
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Paterna A, Contreras A, Gómez-Martín A, Amores J, Tatay-Dualde J, Prats-van der Ham M, Corrales J, Sánchez A, De la Fe C. The diagnosis of mastitis and contagious agalactia in dairy goats. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang F, Dao X, Rodriguez-Palacios A, Feng X, Tang C, Yang X, Yue H. A real-time PCR for detection and quantification of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76:1631-4. [PMID: 25649947 PMCID: PMC4300380 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A real-time PCR for detection
and quantification of M. ovipneumoniae was developed using 9 recently
sequenced M. ovipneumoniae genomes and primers targeting a putative
adhesin gene p113. The assay proved to be specific and sensitive (with a
detection limit of 22 genomic DNA) and could quantify M. ovipneumoniae
DNA over a wide linear range, from 2.2 × 102 to 2.2 × 107
genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falong Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
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Kumar A, Rahal A, Chakraborty S, Verma AK, Dhama K. Mycoplasma agalactiae, an Etiological Agent of Contagious Agalactia in Small Ruminants: A Review. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:286752. [PMID: 25097796 PMCID: PMC4109668 DOI: 10.1155/2014/286752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma agalactiae is one of the causal agents of classical contagious agalactia (CA), a serious, economically important but neglected enzootic disease of small ruminants. It occurs in many parts of the world and most notably in the Mediterranean Basin. Following the infection common complications are septicaemia, mastitis, arthritis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and keratoconjunctivitis. Primary or tentative diagnosis of the organism is based upon clinical signs. Various serological tests, namely, growth precipitation, immunofluorescence, complement fixation test, haemagglutination inhibition, agglutination, immunodiffusion, enzyme immunoassays, immunoelectrophoresis, blotting techniques, and others, are available. Molecular tools seem to be much more sensitive, specific, and faster and help to differentiate various strains. The real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, quantitative PCR, PCR-RFLP, MLST, and gene probes, complementary to segments of chromosomal DNA or 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), have strengthened the diagnosis of M. agalactiae. Both live attenuated and adjuvant (alum precipitated or saponified) inactivated vaccines are available with greater use of inactivated ones due to lack of side effects. The present review discusses the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of contagious agalactia in small ruminants along with trends and advances in its diagnosis, treatment, vaccination, prevention, and control strategies that will help in countering this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Anu Rahal
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Animal Resources Development Department, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala 799006, India
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura 281001, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, India
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Becker CAM, Ramos F, Sellal E, Moine S, Poumarat F, Tardy F. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR for contagious agalactia diagnosis in small ruminants. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 90:73-9. [PMID: 22579581 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Contagious agalactia is an important disease worldwide that affects small ruminants. Clinical manifestations vary from mastitis, pneumonia, arthritis and keratoconjunctivitis to septicemia. Four mycoplasmal etiological agents have been identified: Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae, M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. putrefaciens. The current procedure for direct diagnosis, recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health, involves the isolation of one or several causative agents from clinical specimens and further time-consuming identification steps. The present study reports the development of a new multiplex real-time PCR (including an internal positive control) that detects all four pathogens simultaneously and distinguishes M. agalactiae from the others. First, intra- and inter-species polymorphisms of the two target house-keeping genes, namely polC and fusA, were analyzed to design primers and probes adapted to the diversity of currently circulating strains. The specificity and the sensitivity of the assay were then challenged and the limit of detection was found to be as low as 6 to 12 copies of the target genes. The assay requires further assessment on clinical specimens but its performances (notably low intra- and inter-assay variability) are already very promising for use in large-scale diagnosis and prophylactic surveys of contagious agalactia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A M Becker
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants Anses VetAgro Sup, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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Buonavoglia D, Greco G, Corrente M, Greco MF, D’Abramo M, Latronico F, Fasanella A, Decaro N. Long-term immunogenicity and protection against Mycoplasma agalactiae induced by an oil adjuvant vaccine in sheep. Res Vet Sci 2010; 88:16-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Mycoplasma agalactiae p40 Gene, a novel marker for diagnosis of contagious agalactia in sheep by real-time PCR: assessment of analytical performance and in-house validation using naturally contaminated milk samples. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 47:445-50. [PMID: 19020058 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01442-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the capacity of the Mycoplasma agalactiae p40 gene as a diagnostic marker for contagious agalactia in sheep by quantitative real-time PCR. The p40 gene encodes an immunodominant adhesin that plays a key role in cytoadhesion of M. agalactiae. The assay was 100% specific, with an analytical sensitivity of 1 genome equivalent (GE), a quantification that is highly linear (R(2) > 0.992) and efficient (PCR efficiency, >0.992) over a 6-log dynamic range, down to 10 GE. We evaluated the capacity of the assay to detect Mycoplasma agalactiae in 797 milk samples (373 raw sheep milk samples from refrigerated tanks of different farms and 424 milk samples from individual sheep of a flock positive for M. agalactiae). In parallel, we also tested the samples by using microbiological isolation coupled with microscopy identification and by a PCR method recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. While our assay was able to detect 57 (15.28%) positive samples of the 373 milk samples from different farms, identification by microbiological isolation coupled with microscopy detected only 36 (9.65%) samples, and the conventional PCR detected 31 (8.31%) samples. These findings showed that our assay based on the p40 gene is more specific and sensitive for the detection of M. agalactiae in actual natural samples and, thus, can be a promising alternative tool for diagnosis and epidemiological studies of M. agalactiae infection.
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Tambong JT, Mwange KN, Bergeron M, Ding T, Mandy F, Reid LM, Zhu X. Rapid detection and identification of the bacterium Pantoea stewartii in maize by TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the cpsD gene. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1525-37. [PMID: 18179542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03674.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The development and evaluation of a sensitive and specific TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection and identification of Pantoea stewartii on maize. METHODS AND RESULTS A TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay targeting the cpsD gene enabling specific detection of P. stewartii in maize leaves and seeds was developed. Under optimal conditions, the selected primers and probe were specific for the detection of all 14 reference P. stewartii strains by real-time PCR. The 32 non-Panteoa and eight other Pantoea strains tested negative. The TaqMan PCR assay detected 1 pg of purified DNA and 10(4)P. stewartii colony forming units per millilitre (10 cells per reaction) in pure cultures consisting of 92.0% intact (viable) cells. Direct processing of leaf lesions and seeds by the real-time PCR detected 10 and 50 P. stewartii cells per reaction respectively. TaqMan real-time PCR results were validated by dilution plating of macerates and PCR-based subcloning followed by DNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The real-time PCR assay described is a rapid, reliable and more sensitive tool for the detection of P. stewartii. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This real-time PCR assay would avoid false-negative results and reduce the time required for certifying maize seed shipments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Tambong
- Environmental Health Program (Biodiversity), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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