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Kahlon PS, Seta SM, Zander G, Scheikl D, Hückelhoven R, Joosten MHAJ, Stam R. Population studies of the wild tomato species Solanum chilense reveal geographically structured major gene-mediated pathogen resistance. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202723. [PMID: 33352079 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural plant populations encounter strong pathogen pressure and defence-associated genes are known to be under selection dependent on the pressure by the pathogens. Here, we use populations of the wild tomato Solanum chilense to investigate natural resistance against Cladosporium fulvum, a well-known ascomycete pathogen of domesticated tomatoes. Host populations used are from distinct geographical origins and share a defined evolutionary history. We show that distinct populations of S. chilense differ in resistance against the pathogen. Screening for major resistance gene-mediated pathogen recognition throughout the whole species showed clear geographical differences between populations and complete loss of pathogen recognition in the south of the species range. In addition, we observed high complexity in a homologues of Cladosporium resistance (Hcr) locus, underlying the recognition of C. fulvum, in central and northern populations. Our findings show that major gene-mediated recognition specificity is diverse in a natural plant-pathosystem. We place major gene resistance in a geographical context that also defined the evolutionary history of that species. Data suggest that the underlying loci are more complex than previously anticipated, with small-scale gene recombination being possibly responsible for maintaining balanced polymorphisms in the populations that experience pathogen pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvinderdeep S Kahlon
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Shallet Mindih Seta
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gesche Zander
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniela Scheikl
- Section of Population Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ralph Hückelhoven
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Matthieu H A J Joosten
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Stam
- Chair of Phytopathology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Emil-Ramann-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Li N, Gao D, Zhou X, Chen S, Li C, Wu F. Intercropping with Potato-Onion Enhanced the Soil Microbial Diversity of Tomato. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060834. [PMID: 32498315 PMCID: PMC7357159 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercropping can achieve sustainable agricultural development by increasing plant diversity. In this study, we investigated the effects of tomato monoculture and tomato/potato-onion intercropping systems on tomato seedling growth and changes of soil microbial communities in greenhouse conditions. Results showed that the intercropping with potato-onion increased tomato seedling biomass. Compared with monoculture system, the alpha diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities, beta diversity and abundance of bacterial community were increased in the intercropping system. Nevertheless, the beta-diversity and abundance of fungal community had no difference between the intercropping and monoculture systems. The relative abundances of some taxa (i.e., Acidobacteria-Subgroup-6, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas) and several OTUs with the potential to promote plant growth were increased, while the relative abundances of some potential plant pathogens (i.e., Cladosporium) were decreased in the intercropping system. Redundancy analysis indicated that bacterial community structure was significantly influenced by soil organic carbon and pH, the fungal community structure was related to changes in soil organic carbon and available phosphorus. Overall, our results suggested that the tomato/potato-onion intercropping system altered soil microbial communities and improved the soil environment, which may be the main factor in promoting tomato growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naihui Li
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Danmei Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shaocan Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (N.L.); (D.G.); (X.Z.); (S.C.); (C.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-451-55190215
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He S, Chen H, Wei Y, An T, Liu S. Development of a DNA-based real-time PCR assay for the quantification of Colletotrichum camelliae growth in tea ( Camellia sinensis). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:17. [PMID: 32095156 PMCID: PMC7027280 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00564-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea, which is produced from new shoots of existing tea plants (Camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular, non-alcoholic, healthy beverages worldwide. Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the dominant fungal pathogens of tea. The interaction of C. camelliae with tea could be a useful pathosystem to elucidate various aspects of woody, medicinal plant-fungal interactions. Currently, many studies characterizing resistance or virulence and aggressiveness use lesion size at the infection sites on the leaves to quantify the growth of the pathogen. However, this method does not offer the sensitivity needed for the robust quantification of small changes in aggressiveness or the accurate quantification of pathogen growth at the early stages of infection. RESULTS A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was developed for the quantification of C. camelliae growth on tea plant. This method was based on the comparison of fungal DNA in relation to plant biomass. This assay was used to investigate the phenotypes of tea plant cultivars in response to C. camelliae infection. Two cultivars, Zhongcha 108 (ZC108) and Longjing 43 (LJ43), were tested with this method. ZC108 was previously reported as an anthracnose-resistant cultivar against C. camelliae, while LJ43 was susceptible. The traditional lesion measurement method showed that both cultivars were susceptible to a virulent strain of C. camelliae, while the qRT-PCR approach indicated that very little fungal growth occurred in the anthracnose-resistant cultivar ZC108. The observed results in this study were consistent with previously published research. In addition, the DNA-based real-time PCR method was applied for analysis of pathogenic differences in general C. camelliae isolates and among several Colletotrichum spp that infect tea. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the DNA-based qRT-PCR technique is rapid, highly sensitive and easily applicable for routine experiments and could be used in screening for resistant tea plant cultivars or to identify differences in pathogen aggressiveness within and among Colletotrichum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan He
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Huchen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Tai An
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin People’s Republic of China
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Development of Reverse Transcription Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR) Assays for Monitoring Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Rhizopus oryzae, and Monascus purpureus During the Traditional Brewing of Hong Qu Glutinous Rice Wine. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Early detection of white mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in potato fields using real-time PCR. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Advance Detection Techniques of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Current Trends and Future Perspectives. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27312-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Medina R, López SMY, Franco MEE, Rollan C, Ronco BL, Saparrat MCN, De Wit PJGM, Balatti PA. A Survey on Occurrence of Cladosporium fulvum Identifies Race 0 and Race 2 in Tomato-Growing Areas of Argentina. PLANT DISEASE 2015; 99:1732-1737. [PMID: 30699511 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-14-1270-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Cladosporium fulvum (syn. Passalora fulva), causal agent of tomato leaf mold, was confirmed in the two main greenhouse-production areas for tomato in Argentina. Using both morphological characters and internal transcribed spacer sequencing, we confirmed the presence of physiological races of this pathogen. A diagnostic multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was also developed, using primers derived from C. fulvum avirulence (Avr) genes. In all, 20 isolates of Cladosporium spp. were obtained as monospore cultures and 12 were identified as C. fulvum. By this method, we showed that, of these 12 isolates, 5 were race 0 (carrying functional Avr2, Avr4, Avr4E, and Avr9 genes) and 7 were race 2 (lacking the Avr2 gene). Race identity was confirmed by testing their virulence on a set of tomato differentials carrying different Cf resistance genes. All Avr genes could be amplified in single or multiplex PCR using DNA isolated from in vitro grown monospore cultures but only three Avr could be amplified when genomic DNA was isolated from C. fulvum-infected necrotic leaf tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Medina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Fitopatologías (CIDEFI), La Plata (1900), Argentina; and Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | - Silvina M Y López
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal (INFIVE), La Plata (1900), Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Pierre J G M De Wit
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro A Balatti
- CIDEFI, La Plata (1900), Argentina; and Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lozano-Ojalvo D, Rodríguez A, Cordero M, Bernáldez V, Reyes-Prieto M, Córdoba JJ. Characterisation and detection of spoilage mould responsible for black spot in dry-cured fermented sausages. Meat Sci 2015; 100:283-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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