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Elnaggar MS, Fayez S, Anwar A, Ebada SS. Cytotoxic naphtho- and benzofurans from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2 associated with Annona squamosa fruits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4940. [PMID: 38418706 PMCID: PMC10901772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical exploration of the total extract derived from Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2, an endophyte associated with Annona squamosa fruits, afforded two new metabolites, epicoccofuran A (1) and flavimycin C (2), along with four known compounds namely, epicocconigrone A (3), epicoccolide B (4), epicoccone (5) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (6). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using extensive 1D and 2D NMR along with HR-ESI-MS. Flavimycin C (2) was isolated as an epimeric mixture of its two diastereomers 2a and 2b. The new compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate activity against B. subtilis, whereas compounds (2, 3, 5, and 6) showed significant antiproliferative effects against a panel of seven different cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 12 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Anwar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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2
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Zhang J, Hu H, Li S, Shang W, Jiang J, Xu X, Liu D, Hu X. Diversity of Fungal Endophytes in American Ginseng Seeds. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2784-2791. [PMID: 36802296 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-22-2312-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds play a critical role in the production of American ginseng. Seeds are also one of the most important media for the long-distant dissemination and the crucial way for pathogen survival. Figuring out the pathogens carried by seeds is the basis for effective management of seedborne diseases. In this paper, we tested the fungi carried by the seeds of American ginseng from the main production areas of China using incubation and highly throughput sequencing methods. The seed-carried rates of fungi in Liuba, Fusong, Rongcheng, and Wendeng were 100, 93.8, 75.2, and 45.7%, respectively. Sixty-seven fungal species, which belonged to 28 genera, were isolated from the seeds. Eleven pathogens were identified from the seed samples. Among the pathogens, Fusarium spp. were found in all of the seed samples. The relative abundance of Fusarium spp. in the kernel was higher than that in the shell. Alpha index showed that the fungal diversity between seed shell and kernel differed significantly. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the samples from different provinces and between seed shell and kernel were distinctly separated. The inhibition rates of four fungicides to seed-carried fungi of American ginseng were 71.83% for Tebuconazole SC, 46.67% for Azoxystrobin SC, 46.08% for Fludioxonil WP, and 11.11% for Phenamacril SC. Fludioxonil, a conventional seed treatment agent, showed a low inhibitory effect on seed-carried fungi of American ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuaihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenjing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinlong Jiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- Pest and Pathogen Ecology, NIAB East Malling, West Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, U.K
| | - Deming Liu
- Liuba County Jiashisen Chinese Medicine Development Co. Ltd., China
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Diversity of Endophytic Fungi in Annual Shoots of Prunus mandshurica (Rosaceae) in the South of Amur Region, Russia. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prunus mandshurica is a rare species of the Russian Far East; it is cultivated for fruits and as an ornamental tree. The objective was to determine the fungi associated with young shoots of the Manchurian apricot, which is an important biotic factor for plant viability and productivity. Fungi were isolated by incubation of shoot fragments (unsterilized or surface-sterilized) on a growth medium and identified according to their cultural and morphological characteristics. Diaporthe eres and Nothophoma quercina isolates were identified by multilocus phylogenetic analysis (apn2, cal, tef1-α, tub2 for D. eres, and ITS, rpb2, tub2 for N. quercina). In total, 12 species (Alternaria alternata, A. tenuissima, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium cladosporioides, C. herbarum, D. eres, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, N. quercina, Sarocladium strictum, and Tripospermum myrti) and one genus (Gliocladium sp.) were found. Alternaria alternata, N. quercina, and D. eres were the most frequent species of the shoots. Alternaria tenuissima and F. oxysporum were also frequent in some collections, while all other species were rare or occasional in occurrence. Molecular analysis of D. eres and N. quercina revealed redundancy of some species within the D. eres species complex and the genus Nothophoma. This is the first report on the fungal inhabitants of asymptomatic shoots of P. mandshurica. Nothophoma quercina was identified in Russia for the first time.
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Li T, Im J, Lee J. Genetic Diversity of Epicoccum nigrum and its Effects on Fusarium graminearum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:457-466. [PMID: 36721792 PMCID: PMC9848293 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2148394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epicoccum nigrum is a saprophytic or endophytic fungus that is found worldwide. Because of the antagonist effects of E. nigrum on many plant pathogens, current studies on E. nigrum have focused on the development of biological control agents and the utilization of its various metabolites. In this study, E. nigrum was collected from a wheat field, and its genetic diversity was analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses identified 63 isolates of E. nigrum divided into seven groups, indicating a wide genetic diversity. Isolates antagonized the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum, and reduced disease symptoms caused by F. graminearum in wheat coleoptiles. Moreover, pretreatment of wheat coleoptiles with E. nigrum induced the upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes, PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR9, and PR10 in wheat coleoptiles responding to F. graminearum invasion. Overall, this study indicates that E. nigrum isolates can be used as biological pathogen inhibitors applied in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiying Li
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Im
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jungkwan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Zhang S, Xiang D, Sun C, Han K, Li T, Zhou J, Xu B. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Peach Brown Rot Disease in Tibet and Exploration of the Biocontrol Efficiency of Trichoderma. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1174. [PMID: 36354941 PMCID: PMC9694890 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Brown rot caused by the pathogen of the genus Monilinia is the most destructive disease in peaches worldwide. It has seriously reduced the economic value of the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Nyingchi and Qamdo, Tibet, China. Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola, and M. yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. In this study, we report on the identification of M. yunnanensis in peach orchards in Nyingchi and Qamdo, Tibet. From twenty-three isolates with the same characteristics, we identified the representative single-spore isolates T8-1, T8-8, and T8-20 as M. yunnanensis and confirmed that the Tibet brown rot disease was caused by M. yunnanensis based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. The phylogenetic analysis of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and β-tubulin (TUB2) nucleotide sequences and the multiplex PCR identification revealed that the representative isolates T8-1, T8-8, and T8-20 were more closely related to M. yunnanensis than other Monilinia species. Furthermore, the biocontrol strain of Trichoderma T6 presented significant antagonistic activity on the M. yunnanensis T8-1 isolate (T8-1) among the five Trichoderma strains. The highest inhibitory rates for Trichoderma T6 and its fermentation product against T8-1 mycelial growth were 72.13% and 68.25%, respectively. The obvious inhibition zone displayed on the colony interaction area between the colony of T8-1 isolate and Trichoderma T6 and the morphological characterization of the T8-1 hyphae were enlarged and malformed after inoculation with the Trichoderma T6 fermentation product at 20-fold dilution. Our results indicate that the strain of Trichoderma T6 could be considered as a beneficial biocontrol agent in managing brown rot of peach fruit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Vegetable, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850032, China
| | - Chenxi Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kaidi Han
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tong Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jingjiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province/State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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6
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Crowley-Gall A, Trouillas FP, Niño EL, Schaeffer RN, Nouri MT, Crespo M, Vannette RL. Floral Microbes Suppress Growth of Monilinia laxa with Minimal Effects on Honey Bee Feeding. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:432-438. [PMID: 34455807 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0549-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Management of Monilinia laxa, the causal agent of brown rot blossom blight in almond (Prunus dulcis), relies heavily on the use of chemical fungicides during bloom. However, chemical fungicides can have nontarget effects on beneficial arthropods, including pollinators, and select for resistance in the pathogen of concern. Almond yield is heavily reliant on successful pollination by healthy honey bees (Apis mellifera); thus, identifying sustainable, effective, and pollinator-friendly control methods for blossom blight during bloom is desirable. Flower-inhabiting microbes could provide a natural, sustainable form of biocontrol for M. laxa, while potentially minimizing costly nontarget effects on almond pollinators and the services they provide. As pollinators are sensitive to floral microbes and their associated taste and scent cues, assessing effects of prospective biocontrol species on pollinator attraction is also necessary. Here, our objective was to isolate and identify potential biocontrol microbes from an array of agricultural and natural flowering hosts and test their efficacy in suppressing M. laxa growth in culture. Out of an initial 287 bacterial and fungal isolates identified, 56 were screened using a dual culture plate assay. Most strains reduced M. laxa growth in vitro. Ten particularly effective candidate microbes were further screened for their effect on honey bee feeding. Of the 10, nine were found to both strongly suppress M. laxa growth in culture and not reduce honey bee feeding. These promising results suggest a number of strong candidates for augmentative microbial biocontrol of brown rot blossom blight in almond with potentially minimal effects on honey bee pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Crowley-Gall
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Florent P Trouillas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University California-Davis and Kearney Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elina L Niño
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Mohamed T Nouri
- University of California Cooperative Extension San Joaquin County, Stockton, CA 95206
| | - Maria Crespo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University California-Davis and Kearney Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Rachel L Vannette
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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7
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Cao PR, Zheng YL, Zhao YQ, Wang XB, Zhang H, Zhang MH, Yang T, Gu YC, Yang MH, Kong LY. Beetleane A and Epicoane A: Two Carbon Skeletons Produced by Epicoccum nigrum. Org Lett 2021; 23:3274-3277. [PMID: 33881880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel natural products, beetleane A (1) and epicoane A (2), were obtained from the metabolites of an endophytic Epicoccum nigrum. Compound 1 has a unique beetlelike structure that is constructed by the fusion and further fold of an unusual [5.5.5.6]trioxafenestrane with a cycloheptane ring. Compound 2 possesses a compact cagelike structure with a unique 6/5/5/5/6/6/5 heptacyclic ring system. Both 1 and 2 showed strong antiliver fibrosis activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ran Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Yung L, Blaudez D, Maurice N, Azou-Barré A, Sirguey C. Dark septate endophytes isolated from non-hyperaccumulator plants can increase phytoextraction of Cd and Zn by the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:16544-16557. [PMID: 33387325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11793-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) can improve plant stress tolerance by promoting growth and affecting element accumulation. Due to its ability to accumulate high Cd, Zn, and Ni concentrations in its shoots, Noccaea caerulescens is considered a promising candidate for phytoextraction in the field. However, the ability of DSEs to improve trace element (TE) phytoextraction with N. caerulescens has not yet been studied. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the ability of five DSE strains, previously isolated from poplar roots collected at different TE-contaminated sites, to improve plant development, mineral nutrient status, and metal accumulation by N. caerulescens during a pot experiment using two soils differing in their level of TE contamination. Microscopic observations revealed that the tested DSE strains effectively colonised the roots of N. caerulescens. In the highly contaminated (HC) soil, a threefold increase in root biomass was found in plants inoculated with the Leptodontidium sp. Pr30 strain compared to that in the non-inoculated condition; however, the plant nutrient status was not affected. In contrast, the two strains Phialophora mustea Pr27 and Leptodontidium sp. Me07 had positive effects on the mineral nutrient status of plants without significantly modifying their biomass. Compared to non-inoculated plants cultivated on HC soil, Pr27- and Pr30-inoculated plants extracted more Zn (+ 30%) and Cd (+ 90%), respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the responses of N. caerulescens to DSE inoculation ranged from neutral to beneficial and we identified two strains (i.e. Leptodontidium sp. (Pr30) and Phialophora mustea (Pr27)) isolated from poplar that appeared promising as they increased the amounts of Zn and Cd extracted by improving plant growth and/or TE accumulation by N. caerulescens. These results generate interest in further characterising the DSEs that naturally colonise N. caerulescens and testing their ability to improve phytoextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Yung
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LSE, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Damien Blaudez
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Maurice
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LSE, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Antonin Azou-Barré
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, LSE, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LIEC, F-54000, Nancy, France
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9
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Bian JY, Fang YL, Song Q, Sun ML, Yang JY, Ju YW, Li DW, Huang L. The Fungal Endophyte Epicoccum dendrobii as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:293-303. [PMID: 32748735 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-20-0170-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is one of most serious fungal diseases on Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). Eight fungal endophytes were isolated from a young heathy branch of Chinese fir and screened against the pathogen in vitro. One isolate, designated as SMEL1 and subsequently identified as Epicoccum dendrobii based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, suppressed mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on dual-culture plates. Additionally, E. dendrobii metabolites significantly decreased the biomass of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. E. dendrobii was able to enter the internal tissues of the host plant via stomatal cells. Metabolites of E. dendrobii significantly inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation, which at least partly explained why the endophyte significantly inhibited lesion development caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on various host plants. We further confirmed that some components with antifungal activity could be extracted from E. dendrobii using ethyl acetate as an organic solvent. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. dendrobii as a potential biocontrol agent against a fungal phytopathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yue Bian
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yu-Lan Fang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qing Song
- SUST Think Tank for Urban Development, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Mei-Ling Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Ji-Yun Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yun-Wei Ju
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - De-Wei Li
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory, Windsor, CT 06095, U.S.A
| | - Lin Huang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
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10
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Plant Growth-Promoting Endophytic Fungi from Different Habitats and Their Potential Applications in Agriculture. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60659-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Thambugala KM, Daranagama DA, Phillips AJL, Kannangara SD, Promputtha I. Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:604923. [PMID: 33330142 PMCID: PMC7734056 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun M Thambugala
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Genetics and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinushani A Daranagama
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Alan J L Phillips
- Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sagarika D Kannangara
- Department of Plant and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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12
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Piecuch A, Ogórek R, Dyląg M, Cal M, Przywara K. Epicoccum nigrum Link as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Against Selected Dermatophytes. ACTA MYCOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.5586/am.5516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
<em>Epicoccum nigrum </em>Link is well known for producing biologically-active substances with activities against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The major goal of this study was to assess <em>E. nigrum </em>as a potential in vitro agent against selected species of dermatophytes. The effects of the types of media used in this study on the interactions between the microscopic fungi were also examined. <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em>’s bioactive metabolites exhibited a strong growth inhibitory effect against the dermatophytes, suggesting its potential as a biocontrol agent. Notably, the strength of these interactions was dependent on the type of the medium. These secondary metabolites are not toxic against the higher eukaryotic organisms, which was further demonstrated by using the <em>Galleria mellonella </em>model.
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13
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Abstract
Species of Didymellaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution and are geographically widespread, occurring in diverse ecosystems. The family includes several important plant pathogenic fungi associated with fruit, leaf, stem and root diseases on a wide variety of hosts, as well as endophytic, saprobic and clinically relevant species. The Didymellaceae was recently revised based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of ex-type strains subjected to DNA sequencing of partial gene data of the LSU, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 loci. Several poly- and paraphyletic genera, including Ascochyta, Didymella and Phoma were redefined, along with the introduction of new genera. In the present study, a global collection of 1 124 Didymellaceae strains from 92 countries, 121 plant families and 55 other substrates, including air, coral, human tissues, house dust, fungi, insects, soil, and water were examined via multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and detailed morphological comparisons, representing the broadest sampling of Didymellaceae to date. Among these, 97 isolates representing seven new genera, 40 new species and 21 new combinations were newly introduced in Didymellaceae. In addition, six epitypes and six neotypes were designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. A robust, multi-locus reference phylogenetic tree of Didymellaceae was generated. In addition, rpb2 was revealed as the most effective locus for the identification of Didymellaceae at species level, and is proposed as a secondary DNA marker for the family.
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Key Words
- Al. anatii L.W. Hou & O. Yarden
- Allophomaalba L.W. Hou, Pfenning, L. Cai & Crous
- Amphisphaeria vincetoxici De Not.
- As. koolunga (J.A. Davidson et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ascochyta ferulae Pat.
- Ascochyta nobilis Kabát & Bubák
- Ascochytaastragalina (Rehm ex Sacc.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ascochytapilosella L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Calophomaparvula L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Calophomavincetoxici (De Not.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Chaetasbolisiaargentina L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Chaetasbolisiaeupatorii (Died.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. guttulata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. indica L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. mitis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. prolaticolla L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. prosopidis (Crous & A.R. Wood) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. subglobispora L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. subrosea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Did. variabilis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Didymellaaloeicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Didymellacombreti (Crous) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Dimorphoma L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Dimorphomasaxea (Aveskamp et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ectodidymella L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ectodidymellanigrificans (P. Karst.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ectophomainsulana (Mont.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ep. dickmanii L.W. Hou & O. Yarden
- Ep. longiostiolatum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ep. multiceps L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ep. oryzae Ito & Iwadare
- Ep. polychromum L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ep. purpurascens Ehrenb.
- Ep. variabile L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Epicoccum mezzettii Goid.
- Epicoccum oryzae S. Ito & Iwadare
- Epicoccumbrahmansense L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Epicoccumtobaicum (Szilv.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Heterophoma verbasci-densiflori L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Le. sisyrinchiicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Leptosphaerulinaobtusispora L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Lo. vitalbae (Briard & Har.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Longididymella L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Longididymellaclematidis (Woudenb. et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Ma. terrestris L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Macroascochyta L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Macroascochytagrandis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Macroventuriaangustispora L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Mi. taxicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Mi. viridis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Microsphaeropsisfusca L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Multi-locus phylogeny
- Neoa. humicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Neoa. longispora L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Neoa. mortariensis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Neoascochytafusiformis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Neodidymelliopsistiliae L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- New taxa
- No. eucalyptigena (Crous) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- No. prosopidis (Crous & A.R. Wood) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Nothophoma nullicana L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Nothophomaacaciae (Crous) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Nothophomainfuscata L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Paramicrosphaeropsis L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Paramicrosphaeropsisellipsoidea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Phoma
- Phoma eupatorii Died
- Phoma eupatorii Died.
- Phoma laurina Thüm., Phoma nemophilae Neerg.
- Phomatodespilosa L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Phyllosticta acetosellae A.L. Sm. & Ramsb.
- Phyllosticta arachidis-hypogaeae V.G. Rao
- Phyllosticta insulana Mont
- Phyllosticta verbascicola Ellis & Kellerm.
- Pleosphaerulina briosiana Pollacci
- Pseudopeyronellaea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Pseudopeyronellaeaeucalypti (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- R. humicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Remotididymellabrunnea L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Remotididymellacapsici (Bond.-Mont.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Sclerotiophoma L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Sclerotiophomaversabilis (Boerema et al.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- St. sambucella L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Stagonosporopsiscucumeris L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Stagonosporopsisnemophilae (Neerg). L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Taxonomy
- Toruloidea tobaica Szilv
- Va. laurina (Thüm.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Vacuiphomaferulae (Pat.) L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- Xenodidymellaglycyrrhizicola L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous
- rpb2
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - L H Pfenning
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - O Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.,Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen, 6708 PB, The Netherlands
| | - L Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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El Mansy SM, Nouh FAA, Mousa MK, Abdel-Azeem AM. Endophytic Fungi: Diversity, Abundance, and Plant Growth-Promoting Attributes. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45971-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Cobo-Díaz JF, Baroncelli R, Le Floch G, Picot A. Combined Metabarcoding and Co-occurrence Network Analysis to Profile the Bacterial, Fungal and Fusarium Communities and Their Interactions in Maize Stalks. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:261. [PMID: 30833940 PMCID: PMC6387940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereals worldwide, threatening both crop production by affecting cereal grain development, and human and animal health by contaminating grains with mycotoxins. Despite that maize residues constitute the primary source of inoculum for Fusarium pathogenic species, the structure and diversity of Fusarium spp. and microbial communities in maize residues have received much less attention than in grains. In this study, a metabarcoding approach was used to study the bacterial, fungal and Fusarium communities encountered in maize stalks collected from 8 fields in Brittany, France, after maize harvest during fall 2015. Some predominant genera found in maize residues were cereal or maize pathogens, such as the fungal Fusarium, Acremonium, and Phoma genera, and the bacterial Pseudomonas and Erwinia genera. Furthermore, a high predominance of genera with previously reported biocontrol activity was found, including the bacterial Sphingomonas, Pedobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, and Janthinobacterium genera; and the fungal Epicoccum, Articulospora, Exophiala, and Sarocladium genera. Among Fusarium spp., F. graminearum and F. avenaceum were dominant. We also found that the maize cultivar and previous crop could influence the structure of microbial communities. Using SparCC co-occurrence network analysis, significant negative correlations were obtained between Fusarium spp. responsible for FHB (including F. graminearum and F. avenaceum) and bacterial OTUs classified as Sphingomonas and fungal OTUs classified as Sarocladium and Epicoccum. Considering that isolates belonging to these taxa have already been associated with antagonist effect against different Fusarium spp. and/or other pathogenic microorganisms and due to their predominance and negative associations with Fusarium spp., they may be good candidates as biocontrol agents. Combining the use of Fusarium-specific primers with universal primers for bacteria and fungi allowed us to study the microbial communities, but also to track correlations between Fusarium spp. and other bacterial and fungal genera, using co-occurrence network analysis. Such approach could be a useful tool as part of a screening strategy for novel antagonist candidates against toxigenic Fusarium spp., allowing the selection of taxa of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Cobo-Díaz
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
| | - Riccardo Baroncelli
- Instituto Hispano-Luso de Investigaciones Agrarias (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gaétan Le Floch
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Picot
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, IBSAM, ESIAB, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France
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Villarino M, Espeso EA, Melgarejo P, Larena I. Transformation of Penicillium rubens 212 and Expression of GFP and DsRED Coding Genes for Visualization of Plant-Biocontrol Agent Interaction. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1653. [PMID: 30083150 PMCID: PMC6064719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain 212 of Penicillium rubens (PO212) is an effective fungal biological control agent against a broad spectrum of diseases of horticultural plants. A pyrimidine auxotrophic isolate of PO212, PO212_18.2, carrying an inactive pyrG gene, has been used as host for transformation by positive selection of vectors containing the gene complementing the pyrG1 mutation. Both integrative and autonomously replicating plasmids transformed PO212_18.2 with high efficiency. Novel PO212-derived strains expressed green (sGFP) and red (Ds-Red Express) fluorescent reporter proteins, driven by the A. nidulans gpdA promoter. Fluorescence microscopy revealed constitutive expression of the sGFP and Ds-Red Express proteins, homogenously distributed across fungal cells. Transformation with either type of plasmid, did not affect the growth and morphological culture characteristics, and the biocontrol efficacy of either transformed strains compared to the wild-type, PO212. Fluorescent transformants pointed the capacity of PO212 to colonize tomato roots without invading plant root tissues. This work demonstrates susceptibility of the biocontrol agent PO212 to be transformed, showing that the use of GFP and DsRed as markers for PO212 is a useful, fast, reliable and effective approach for studying plant-fungus interactions and tomato root colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villarino
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo A. Espeso
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Melgarejo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Larena
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Subdirección General de Investigación y Tecnología (SGIT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Kosawang C, Amby DB, Bussaban B, McKinney LV, Xu J, Kjær ED, Collinge DB, Nielsen LR. Fungal communities associated with species of Fraxinus tolerant to ash dieback, and their potential for biological control. Fungal Biol 2017; 122:110-120. [PMID: 29458714 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ash dieback, caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, has threatened ash trees in Europe for more than two decades. However, little is known of how endophytic communities affect the pathogen, and no effective disease management tools are available. While European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is severely affected by the disease, other more distantly related ash species do not seem to be affected. We hypothesise that fungal endophytic communities of tolerant ash species can protect the species against ash dieback, and that selected endophytes have potential as biocontrol agents. These hypotheses were tested by isolating members of the fungal communities of five tolerant ash species, and identifying them using ITS regions. Candidate endophytes were tested by an in vitro antagonistic assay with H.fraxineus. From a total of 196 isolates we identified 9 fungal orders, 15 families, and 40 species. Fungi in orders Pleosporales, such as Boeremia exigua and Diaporthe spp., and Hypocreales (e.g., Fusarium sp.), were recovered in most communities, suggesting they are common taxa. The in vitro antagonistic assay revealed five species with high antagonistic activity against H. fraxineus. These endophytes were identified based on ITS region as Sclerostagonospora sp., Setomelanomma holmii, Epicoccum nigrum, B. exigua and Fusarium sp. Three of these taxa have been described previously as antagonists of plant pathogenic microbes, and are of interest for future studies of their potential as biological control agents against ash dieback, especially for valuable ash trees in parks and urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Kosawang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Buchvaldt Amby
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Boonsom Bussaban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
| | - Lea Vig McKinney
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik D Kjær
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David B Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Rostgaard Nielsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villarino M, De Cal A, Melgarejo P, Larena I, Espeso EA. The development of genetic and molecular markers to register and commercialize Penicillium rubens (formerly Penicillium oxalicum) strain 212 as a biocontrol agent. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:89-99. [PMID: 26467970 PMCID: PMC4720407 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum strain 212 (PO212) is an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) against a large number of economically important fungal plant pathogens. For successful registration as a BCA in Europe, PO212 must be accurately identified. In this report, we describe the use of classical genetic and molecular markers to characterize and identify PO212 in order to understand its ecological role in the environment or host. We successfully generated pyrimidine (pyr-) auxotrophic mutants. In addition we also designed specific oligonucleotides for the pyrF gene at their untranslated regions for rapid and reliable identification and classification of strains of P. oxalicum and P. rubens, formerly P. chrysogenum. Using these DNA-based technologies, we found that PO212 is a strain of P. rubens, and is not a strain of P. oxalicum. This work presents PO212 as the unique P. rubens strain to be described as a BCA and the information contained here serves for its registration and commercialization in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villarino
- SGIT-INIA, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Madrid, Spain
- CIB-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo A Espeso
- CIB-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Madrid, Spain
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Candida pruni sp. nov. is a new yeast species with antagonistic potential against brown rot of peaches. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:525-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Soto-Muñoz L, Teixidó N, Usall J, Viñas I, Crespo-Sempere A, Torres R. Development of PMA real-time PCR method to quantify viable cells of Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2, an antagonist to control the major postharvest diseases on oranges. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 180:49-55. [PMID: 24786552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dilution plating is the quantification method commonly used to estimate the population level of postharvest biocontrol agents, but this method does not permit a distinction among introduced and indigenous strains. Recently, molecular techniques based on DNA amplification such as quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) have been successfully applied for their high strain-specific detection level. However, the ability of qPCR to distinguish viable and nonviable cells is limited. A promising strategy to avoid this issue relies on the use of nucleic acid intercalating dyes, such as propidium monoazide (PMA), as a sample pretreatment prior to the qPCR. The objective of this study was to optimize a protocol based on PMA pre-treatment samples combined with qPCR to distinguish and quantify viable cells of the biocontrol agent P. agglomerans CPA-2 applied as a postharvest treatment on orange. The efficiency of PMA-qPCR method under the established conditions (30μM PMA for 20min of incubation followed by 30min of LED light exposure) was evaluated on an orange matrix. Results showed no difference in CFU or cells counts of viable cells between PMA-qPCR and dilution plating. Samples of orange matrix inoculated with a mixture of viable/dead cells showed 5.59log10 CFU/ml by dilution plating, 8.25log10 cells/ml by qPCR, and 5.93log10 cells/ml by PMA-qPCR. Furthermore, samples inoculated with heat-killed cells were not detected by dilution plating and PMA-qPCR, while by qPCR was of 8.16log10 cells/ml. The difference in quantification cycles (Cq) among qPCR and PMA-qPCR was approximately 16cycles, which means a reduction of 65,536 fold of the dead cells detected. In conclusion, PMA-qPCR method is a suitable tool for quantify viable CPA-2 cells, which could be useful to estimate the ability of this antagonist to colonize the orange surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Soto-Muñoz
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Crespo-Sempere
- Applied Mycology Unit, Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-UTPV, Agrotecnio Center, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, XaRTA-Postharvest, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida Catalonia, Spain.
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Soto-Muñoz L, Teixidó N, Usall J, Viñas I, Torres R. Detection and quantification by PCR assay of the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 on apples. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 175:45-52. [PMID: 24534396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The registration of biological control agents requires the development of monitoring systems to detect and quantify the agent in the environment. Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 is an effective biocontrol agent for postharvest diseases of citrus and pome fruits. The monitoring of CPA-2 in postharvest semi-commercial trials was evaluated by Rodac impression plates and the colonies isolated were confirmed by conventional PCR using the SCAR primers PAGA1 and PAGB1. Samples were taken from different surfaces that had contact with CPA-2, the surrounding environment and working clothes worn by handlers. Moreover, population dynamics of the strain CPA-2 were determined on apple surfaces using both the classical plating technique and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). A qPCR assay using a 3'-minor groove-binding (MGB) probe was developed for the specific detection and quantification of P. agglomerans strain CPA-2. Based on the nucleotide sequence of a SCAR fragment of CPA-2, one primer set and TaqMan MGB probe were designed. The primers SP2-F/SP2-R and the TaqMan MGB probe showed a specific detection of strain CPA-2 on apple surfaces, which was verified tested against purified DNA from 17 strains of P. agglomerans, 4 related Pantoea species, and 21 bacterial strains from other genera isolated from whole and also freshly-cut fruit and vegetables. The detection level was approximately 10(3) cells per reaction, and the standard curve was linear within a range of 5log units. Results from semi-commercial trials showed that CPA-2 had a low impact. The maximum persistence of P. agglomerans CPA-2 was not longer than 5days in plastic boxes stored at 0°C. Significant differences in CPA-2 population level dynamics were observed in results obtained by qPCR and dilution plating. These differences may indicate the presence of non-degraded DNA from non-viable cells. In conclusion, qPCR is a novel potential tool to quickly and specifically monitor recent surface colonisation by CPA-2 populations on apple surfaces during large-scale experiments that could ensure efficient and successful treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Soto-Muñoz
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center. Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Neus Teixidó
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Usall
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, Lleida University, XaRTA-Postharvest, Agrotecnio Center. Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rosario Torres
- IRTA, Postharvest XaRTA, Av. Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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Augustin S, Boonham N, De Kogel WJ, Donner P, Faccoli M, Lees DC, Marini L, Mori N, Petrucco Toffolo E, Quilici S, Roques A, Yart A, Battisti A. A review of pest surveillance techniques for detecting quarantine pests in Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/epp.2600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Augustin
- INRA; UR0633 Zoologie Forestière; CS 400001; Ardon; 45075; Orléans Cedex 2; France
| | | | - Willem J. De Kogel
- Plant Research International B.V.; Wageningen UR; PO Box 69; 6700 AB; Wageningen; Netherlands
| | - Pierre Donner
- CIRAD Réunion; UMR PVBMT CIRAD/Université de La Réunion; Pôle de Protection des Plantes; 7 chemin de l'IRAT; 97410; Saint-Pierre; France
| | - Massimo Faccoli
- Università di Padova; DAFNAE-Entomologia; Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Italy
| | - David C. Lees
- INRA; UR0633 Zoologie Forestière; CS 400001; Ardon; 45075; Orléans Cedex 2; France
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- Università di Padova; DAFNAE-Entomologia; Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Università di Padova; DAFNAE-Entomologia; Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Italy
| | - Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo
- Università di Padova; DAFNAE-Entomologia; Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Italy
| | - Serge Quilici
- CIRAD Réunion; UMR PVBMT CIRAD/Université de La Réunion; Pôle de Protection des Plantes; 7 chemin de l'IRAT; 97410; Saint-Pierre; France
| | - Alain Roques
- INRA; UR0633 Zoologie Forestière; CS 400001; Ardon; 45075; Orléans Cedex 2; France
| | - Annie Yart
- INRA; UR0633 Zoologie Forestière; CS 400001; Ardon; 45075; Orléans Cedex 2; France
| | - Andrea Battisti
- Università di Padova; DAFNAE-Entomologia; Agripolis; Viale dell'Università 16; 35020; Legnaro; Italy
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da Silva Araújo FD, de Lima Fávaro LC, Araújo WL, de Oliveira FL, Aparicio R, Marsaioli AJ. Epicolactone - Natural Product Isolated from the Sugarcane Endophytic Fungus Epicoccum nigrum. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fávaro LCDL, Sebastianes FLDS, Araújo WL. Epicoccum nigrum P16, a sugarcane endophyte, produces antifungal compounds and induces root growth. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36826. [PMID: 22675473 PMCID: PMC3366970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in Brazil, mainly because of its use in biofuel production. Recent studies have sought to determine the role of sugarcane endophytic microbial diversity in microorganism-plant interactions, and their biotechnological potential. Epicoccum nigrum is an important sugarcane endophytic fungus that has been associated with the biological control of phytopathogens, and the production of secondary metabolites. In spite of several studies carried out to define the better conditions to use E. nigrum in different crops, little is known about the establishment of an endophytic interaction, and its potential effects on plant physiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report an approach based on inoculation followed by re-isolation, molecular monitoring, microscopic analysis, plant growth responses to fungal colonization, and antimicrobial activity tests to study the basic aspects of the E. nigrum endophytic interaction with sugarcane, and the effects of colonization on plant physiology. The results indicate that E. nigrum was capable of increasing the root system biomass and producing compounds that inhibit the in vitro growth of sugarcane pathogens Fusarium verticillioides, Colletotrichum falcatum, Ceratocystis paradoxa, and Xanthomomas albilineans. In addition, E. nigrum preferentially colonizes the sugarcane surface and, occasionally, the endophytic environment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our work demonstrates that E. nigrum has great potential for sugarcane crop application because it is capable of increasing the root system biomass and controlling pathogens. The study of the basic aspects of the interaction of E. nigrum with sugarcane demonstrated the facultative endophytism of E. nigrum and its preference for the phylloplane environment, which should be considered in future studies of biocontrol using this species. In addition, this work contributes to the knowledge of the interaction of this ubiquitous endophyte with the host plant, and also to a better use of microbial endophytes in agriculture.
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Fávaro LCDL, de Melo FL, Aguilar-Vildoso CI, Araújo WL. Polyphasic analysis of intraspecific diversity in Epicoccum nigrum warrants reclassification into separate species. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14828. [PMID: 21853017 PMCID: PMC3154903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicoccum nigrum Link (syn. E. purpurascens Ehrenb. ex Schlecht) is a saprophytic ascomycete distributed worldwide which colonizes a myriad of substrates. This fungus has been known as a biological control agent for plant pathogens and produces a variety of secondary metabolites with important biological activities as well as biotechnological application. E. nigrum produces darkly pigmented muriform conidia on short conidiophores on sporodochia and is a genotypically and phenotypically highly variable species. Since different isolates identified as E. nigrum have been evaluated as biological control agents and used for biocompound production, it is highly desirable that this species name refers to only one lineage. However, according to morphological and genetic variation, E. nigrum present two genotypes that may comprise more than one species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We report the application of combined molecular (ITS and β-tubulin gene sequence analysis, PCR-RFLP and AFLP techniques), morphometric, physiological, genetic compatibility and recombination analysis to study the taxonomic relationships within an endophytic population that has been identified as E. nigrum. This combined analysis established two genotypes showing morphological, physiological and genetic divergence as well as genetic incompatibility characterized by colony inhibition, strongly indicating that these genotypes correspond to different species. Genotype 1 corresponds to E. nigrum while genotype 2 represents a new species, referred to in this study as Epicoccum sp. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This research contributes to the knowledge of the Epicoccum genus and asserts that the classification of E. nigrum as a single variable species should be reassessed. In fact, based on the polyphasic approach we suggest the occurrence of cryptic species within E. nigrum and also that many of the sequences deposited as E. nigrum in GenBank and culture collection of microbial strains should be reclassified, including the reference strain CBS 161.73 sequenced in this work. In addition, this study provides valuable tools for differentiation of Epicoccum species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Welington Luiz Araújo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Microbial Ecology, NIB, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pest risk assessment ofMonilinia fructicolafor the EU territory and identification and evaluation of risk management options. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Larena I, De Cal A, Melgarejo P. Enhancing the adhesion of Epicoccum nigrum conidia to peach surfaces and its relationship to the biocontrol of brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:583-593. [PMID: 20163488 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To find a formulation of Epicoccum nigrum conidia that enhances its adhesion to peach surfaces and improves its biocontrol efficacy against brown rot caused by Monilinia laxa. METHODS AND RESULTS The stickers, glycerol, sodium alginate and methylcellulose; the desiccants, silica powder and talc; and a commercial adhesive (NU FILM 17) were added at two different points during the production of an E. nigrum conidial formulation to improve conidial adhesion to peach surfaces. Conidial adhesion levels were determined from the number of E. nigrum conidia that adhered to glass slides or peach surfaces and conidial viability of adherent E. nigrum conidia was determined from the number of colony-forming units of glass or peach-adherent E. nigrum that grew on Petri dishes that contained potato dextrose agar. Compared to dried E. nigrum conidia without additives, the adhesion and viability of adherent E. nigrum conidia to peach surfaces were enhanced when either 1.25% sodium alginate or 2.5% methylcellulose was added to the conidial mass after fluid-bed drying, and when 2.5% methylcellulose was added to the conidial mass after its production and before fluid-bed drying. Epicoccum nigrum conidial formulations with 2.5% methylcellulose were more effective than dried E. nigrum conidia without additives in reducing the incidence of brown rot in peaches caused by M. laxa. CONCLUSIONS When 2.5% methylcellulose is incorporated into an E. nigrum conidial formulation, the adhesion of E. nigrum conidia to peach surfaces improves and results in efficacious biocontrol of brown rot. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY A new improved formulation of a biocontrol agent has been developed to improve the control of M. laxa on peaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Larena
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - A De Cal
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Melgarejo
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, INIA, Madrid, Spain
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