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Sisakhtpour B, Mirzaei A, Karbasizadeh V, Hosseini N, Shabani M, Moghim S. The characteristic and potential therapeutic effect of isolated multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lytic phage. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2022; 21:1. [PMID: 34996464 PMCID: PMC8742398 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-022-00492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widespread misuse of antibiotics caused bacterial resistance increasingly become a serious threat. Bacteriophage therapy promises alternative treatment strategies for combatting drug-resistant bacterial infections. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel, potent lytic bacteriophage against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and described the lytic capability and endolysin activity of the phage to evaluate the potential in phage therapy. METHODS A novel phage, pIsf-AB02, was isolated from hospital sewage. The morphological analysis, its host range, growth characteristics, stability under various conditions, genomic restriction pattern were systematically investigated. The protein pattern of the phage was analyzed, and the endolysin activity of the phage was determined under the non-denaturing condition on SDS-PAGE. The optimal lytic titer of phage was assessed by co-culture of the phage with clinical MDR A. baumannii isolates. Finally, HeLa cells were used to examine the safety of the phage. RESULTS The morphological analysis revealed that the pIsf-AB02 phage displays morphology resembling the Myoviridae family. It can quickly destroy 56.3% (27/48) of clinical MDR A. baumannii isolates. This virulent phage could decrease the bacterial host cells (from 108 CFU/ml to 103 CFU/ml) in 30 min. The optimum stability of the phage was observed at 37 °C. pH 7 is the most suitable condition to maintain phage stability. The 15 kDa protein encoded by pIsf-AB02 was detected to have endolysin activity. pIsf-AB02 did not show cytotoxicity to HeLa cells, and it can save HeLa cells from A. baumannii infection. CONCLUSION In this study, we isolated a novel lytic MDR A. baumannii bacteriophage, pIsf-AB02. This phage showed suitable stability at different temperatures and pHs, and demonstrated potent in vitro endolysin activity. pIsf-AB02 may be a good candidate as a therapeutic agent to control nosocomial infections caused by MDR A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Sisakhtpour
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Mirzaei
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vajihe Karbasizadeh
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shabani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 81744-176, Isfahan, Iran.
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Pujato S, Galliani V, Irazoqui JM, Amadío A, Quiberoni A, Mercanti D. Analysis of CRISPR systems of types II-A, I-E and I-C in strains of Lacticaseibacillus. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Sunthornthummas S, Doi K, Fujino Y, Rangsiruji A, Sarawaneeyaruk S, Insian K, Pringsulaka O. Genomic characterisation of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei phage ΦT25 and preliminary analysis of its derived endolysin. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inactivation of Dairy Bacteriophages by Thermal and Chemical Treatments. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050480. [PMID: 31130656 PMCID: PMC6563197 DOI: 10.3390/v11050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides information on the characteristics of diverse phages of lactic acid bacteria and highlights the incidence of their presence in different dairy fermentations. As it is known, thermal treatments on raw milk and use of sanitizers in the disinfection of surfaces and equipment are strategies usually applied in dairy to prevent bacteriophage infections. In this sense, this review mainly focuses on the existing data about the resistance against thermal treatments and sanitizers usually used in the dairy industry worldwide, and the differences found among bacteriophages of diverse genera are remarked upon. Also, we provide information concerning the problems that have arisen as a consequence of the potential presence of bacteriophages in cheese whey powder and derivatives when they are added in fermented dairy product manufacturing. Finally, some important conclusions on each topic are marked and checkpoints to be considered are suggested.
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5
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Isolation and characterization of spontaneous phage-resistant mutants of Lactobacillus paracasei. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zaburlin D, Mercanti DJ, Quiberoni A. A fast PCR-based method for the characterization of prophage profiles in strains of the Lactobacillus casei group. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:226-233. [PMID: 28757387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysogeny is widespread among Lactobacillus strains of the casei group (L. casei, L. paracasei and L. rhamnosus), and prophages account for most strain-specific DNA. Numerous PCR based methods have been developed to detect free phages of lactic acid bacteria, but they do not take in consideration prophages. In this study, a new PCR method for the detection of lysogeny was developed using genome sequences of L. casei group strains (including BL23) and bacteriophages. Nine pairs of primers were designed to selectively amplify the highly conserved prophage iA2 (pairs #1-#3) and fragments of two groups phages of temperate origin: CL1/CL2/iLp1308/iLp84 (pairs #4 and #5) and Lrm1/J-1/PL-1/A2/AT3/Lc-Nu (pairs #6 to #9). Forty-nine strains of the casei group were subjected to PCR. Strains containing remnants of lytic phages outnumbered those containing iA2-related prophages. The combination of pair #2, annealing on the terminase large subunit (TLS), and pair #3, annealing on the helicase (forward) and a non-coding region (reverse), showed the best diagnostic performance for iA2-like prophages. For the assessment of remnants of phages CL1/CL2/iLp1308/iLp84, pair #4 (annealing on the TLS) was preferred over pair #5 (portal protein). Detection of phages Lrm1/J-1/PL-1/A2/AT3/Lc-Nu was optimal with primers of pair #6, designed on non-coding regions of phage genomes; pair #6 also evidenced a high conservation of certain prophage remnants. Overall, our PCR-based method successfully detected and discriminated groups of prophages or remnants in L. casei group strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Zaburlin
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Diego J Mercanti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Quiberoni
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Santiago del Estero 2829, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Sunthornthummas S, Doi K, Rangsiruji A, Sarawaneeyaruk S, Pringsulaka O. Isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus paracasei LPC and phage ΦT25 from fermented milk. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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8
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Bruno LM, Briggiler Marcó M, Capra ML, Carvalho JDG, Meinardi C, Quiberoni A. Wild Lactobacillus
strains: Technological characterisation and design of Coalho cheese lactic culture. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maria Bruno
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical; Rua Dra. Sara Mesquita, 2270 Fortaleza Ceará 60511-110 Brasil
| | - Mariángeles Briggiler Marcó
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Maria Luján Capra
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Juliane Döering Gasparin Carvalho
- Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Av. Mister Hull, 2977 Bloco 858, Campus do Pici Fortaleza Ceará 60536-000 Brasil
| | - Carlos Meinardi
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
| | - Andrea Quiberoni
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET); Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Universidad Nacional del Litoral; Santiago del Estero 2829 Santa Fe 3000 Argentina
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Nyambe S, Burgess C, Whyte P, Bolton D. The Survival of a Temperate vtx Bacteriophage and an Anti-Verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157 Lytic Phage in Water and Soil Samples. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:632-640. [PMID: 27334728 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Verocytotoxigenic (vtx) Escherichia coli (VTEC) are zoonotic foodborne pathogens with the vtx operon encoded by lambdoid bacteriophage (phage). Despite much research on the host bacteria, similar data on the persistence of verocytotoxin converting phage and the ecological niches where transduction occurs are lacking and novel VTEC of important public health significance, have and continue to emerge. This study investigated the survival of a temperate vtx bacteriophage (24B ::kanamycinR ) in water (raw farm, pasteurized farm, laboratory tap and autoclaved purified water) and soil (sandy loam and loam soil). It also examined the persistence of an anti-VTEC lytic phage (e11/2) in the same matrices as this may be one option for controlling the emergence of novel VTEC, especially in farm ecological niches where other control options, such as chemical, heat or high pressure treatments, are not feasible. Samples inoculated with 24B ::kanamycinR and e11/2 bacteriophage (8 log10 pfu/ml or pfu/g) separately were incubated at 4°C and 14°C, representative Irish Winter and Summer temperatures, respectively, and tested every 2 days for 40 days. The transduction of 24B ::kanamycinR was also continuously assessed. Both phages survived with reductions observed, regardless of matrix or storage temperature. Moreover, 24B ::kanamycinR was able to transduce its host E. coli strain. It was therefore concluded that aquatic and soil environments on farms may serve as a vtx phage reservoir and transduction point but anti-VTEC phage is a possible biocontrol option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nyambe
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Burgess
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Bolton
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Genomic Diversity of Phages Infecting Probiotic Strains of Lactobacillus paracasei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:95-105. [PMID: 26475105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02723-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of the Lactobacillus casei group have been extensively studied because some are used as probiotics in foods. Conversely, their phages have received much less attention. We analyzed the complete genome sequences of five L. paracasei temperate phages: CL1, CL2, iLp84, iLp1308, and iA2. Only phage iA2 could not replicate in an indicator strain. The genome lengths ranged from 34,155 bp (iA2) to 39,474 bp (CL1). Phages iA2 and iLp1308 (34,176 bp) possess the smallest genomes reported, thus far, for phages of the L. casei group. The GC contents of the five phage genomes ranged from 44.8 to 45.6%. As observed with many other phages, their genomes were organized as follows: genes coding for DNA packaging, morphogenesis, lysis, lysogeny, and replication. Phages CL1, CL2, and iLp1308 are highly related to each other. Phage iLp84 was also related to these three phages, but the similarities were limited to gene products involved in DNA packaging and structural proteins. Genomic fragments of phages CL1, CL2, iLp1308, and iLp84 were found in several genomes of L. casei strains. Prophage iA2 is unrelated to these four phages, but almost all of its genome was found in at least four L. casei strains. Overall, these phages are distinct from previously characterized Lactobacillus phages. Our results highlight the diversity of L. casei phages and indicate frequent DNA exchanges between phages and their hosts.
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11
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Geagea H, Gomaa AI, Remondetto G, Moineau S, Subirade M. Investigation of the protective effect of whey proteins on lactococcal phages during heat treatment at various pH. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 210:33-41. [PMID: 26093988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of whey protein concentrates (WPC) into cheese is a risky process due to the potential contamination with thermo-resistant phages of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Furthermore, whey proteins can protect phages during heat treatment, thereby increasing the above risk. The main objective of this work was to understand this protective effect in order to better control LAB phages and maximize whey recycling in the cheese industry. First, the inactivation of a previously characterized thermo-resistant lactococcal virulent phage (P1532) was investigated at 95 °C in WPC, in individual whey components β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and bovine serum albumin as well as under different heat and pH conditions. The structural changes of the tested proteins were also monitored by transmission FTIR spectroscopy. Phage inactivation results indicated that the protective effect of whey proteins was pH and time dependent at 95 °C and was not restricted to one component. FTIR spectra suggest that the protection is related to protein molecular structures and to the level of protein aggregates, which was more pronounced in acidic conditions. Moreover, the molecular structure of the three proteins tested was differently influenced by pH and the duration of the heat treatment. This work confirms the protective effect of WPC on phages during heat treatment and offers the first hint to explain such phenomenon. Finding the appropriate treatment of WPC to reduce the phage risk is one of the keys to improving the cheese manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Geagea
- The Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmed I Gomaa
- The Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, National Research Center, Egypt
| | | | - Sylvain Moineau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Muriel Subirade
- The Nutrition and Functional Foods Institute (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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A one-step PCR-based method for specific identification of 10 common lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium in fermented milk. Int Dairy J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Mercanti DJ, Ackermann HW, Quiberoni A. Characterization of Two Temperate Lactobacillus paracasei Bacteriophages: Morphology, Kinetics and Adsorption. Intervirology 2015; 58:49-56. [DOI: 10.1159/000369207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Adsorption and kinetic parameters, latent period, burst size and burst time, are characteristics of phage/host systems and can be affected by several environmental factors. As only few studies have focused on temperate dairy phages, we characterized these parameters on temperate Lactobacillus paracasei phages Φ iLp84 and Φ iLp1308, infective for probiotic strains. Methods: Phages were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and genomic DNA restriction. Adsorption under different environmental conditions, phage kinetics and efficiency of plating (EOP) were determined using the double-layer titration method. Results: Phages Φ iLp84 and Φ iLp1308 belong to the Siphoviridae family and have genome sizes of 38 and 34 kbp, respectively. Adsorption was affected by calcium concentration, pH, temperature and host viability, and reached a limit at very high multiplicity of infection. Latency, burst time and burst size were of 85 min, 131 min and 46 for Φ iLp84, and 51 min, 92 min and 28 for Φ iLp1308, respectively, at 37°C. A clear influence of temperature on phage kinetics was observed. Regarding EOP, Φ iLp84 produced plaques on only 1 out of 8 strains tested. Conclusion: Noticeable differences in adsorption, kinetics and EOP were found for two morphologically identical temperate L. paracasei phages of similar origin.
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14
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Characterization and application of phages isolated from sewage for reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in biofilm. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Briggiler Marcó M, Zacarías MF, Vinderola G, Reinheimer JA, Quiberoni A. Biological and probiotic characterisation of spontaneous phage-resistant mutants of Lactobacillus plantarum. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Abstract
This review highlights the main strategies available to control phage infection during large-scale milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. The topics that are emphasized include the factors influencing bacterial activities, the sources of phage contamination, the methods available to detect and quantify phages, as well as practical solutions to limit phage dispersion through an adapted factory design, the control of air flow, the use of adequate sanitizers, the restricted used of recycled products, and the selection and growth of bacterial cultures.
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Technological and probiotic characterisation of Lactobacillus casei/paracasei strains and their phage-resistant mutants. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Pujato SA, Guglielmotti DM, Ackermann HW, Patrignani F, Lanciotti R, Reinheimer JA, Quiberoni A. Leuconostoc bacteriophages from blue cheese manufacture: long-term survival, resistance to thermal treatments, high pressure homogenization and chemical biocides of industrial application. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 177:81-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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19
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Lee YD, Kim JY, Park JH. Characteristics of coliphage ECP4 and potential use as a sanitizing agent for biocontrol of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Capra ML, Neve H, Sorati PC, Atamer Z, Hinrichs J, Heller KJ, Quiberoni A. Extreme thermal resistance of phages isolated from dairy samples: Updating traditional phage detection methodologies. Int Dairy J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mahony J, Ainsworth S, Stockdale S, van Sinderen D. Phages of lactic acid bacteria: the role of genetics in understanding phage-host interactions and their co-evolutionary processes. Virology 2012; 434:143-50. [PMID: 23089252 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dairy fermentations are among the oldest food processing applications, aimed at preservation and shelf-life extension through the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) starter cultures, in particular strains of Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus spp. and Leuconostoc spp. Traditionally this was performed by continuous passaging of undefined cultures from a finished fermentation to initiate the next fermentation. More recently, consumer demands on consistent and desired flavours and textures of dairy products have led to a more defined approach to such processes. Dairy (starter) companies have responded to the need to define the nature and complexity of the starter culture mixes, and dairy fermentations are now frequently based on defined starter cultures of low complexity, where each starter component imparts specific technological properties that are desirable to the product. Both mixed and defined starter culture approaches create the perfect environment for the proliferation of (bacterio)phages capable of infecting these LAB. The repeated use of the same starter cultures in a single plant, coupled to the drive towards higher and consistent production levels, increases the risk and negative impact of phage infection. In this review we will discuss recent advances in tracking the adaptation of phages to the dairy industry, the advances in understanding LAB phage-host interactions, including evolutionary and genomic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mahony
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Characterization of two virulent phages of Lactobacillus plantarum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8719-34. [PMID: 23042172 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02565-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized two Lactobacillus plantarum virulent siphophages, ATCC 8014-B1 (B1) and ATCC 8014-B2 (B2), previously isolated from corn silage and anaerobic sewage sludge, respectively. Phage B2 infected two of the eight L. plantarum strains tested, while phage B1 infected three. Phage adsorption was highly variable depending on the strain used. Phage defense systems were found in at least two L. plantarum strains, LMG9211 and WCSF1. The linear double-stranded DNA genome of the pac-type phage B1 had 38,002 bp, a G+C content of 47.6%, and 60 open reading frames (ORFs). Surprisingly, the phage B1 genome has 97% identity with that of Pediococcus damnosus phage clP1 and 77% identity with that of L. plantarum phage JL-1; these phages were isolated from sewage and cucumber fermentation, respectively. The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of the cos-type phage B2 had 80,618 bp, a G+C content of 36.9%, and 127 ORFs with similarities to those of Bacillus and Lactobacillus strains as well as phages. Some phage B2 genes were similar to ORFs from L. plantarum phage LP65 of the Myoviridae family. Additionally, 6 tRNAs were found in the phage B2 genome. Protein analysis revealed 13 (phage B1) and 9 (phage B2) structural proteins. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing such high identity between phage genomes infecting different genera of lactic acid bacteria.
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Mercanti D, Guglielmotti D, Patrignani F, Reinheimer J, Quiberoni A. Resistance of two temperate Lactobacillus paracasei bacteriophages to high pressure homogenization, thermal treatments and chemical biocides of industrial application. Food Microbiol 2012; 29:99-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guglielmotti DM, Mercanti DJ, Reinheimer JA, Quiberoni ADL. Review: efficiency of physical and chemical treatments on the inactivation of dairy bacteriophages. Front Microbiol 2012; 2:282. [PMID: 22275912 PMCID: PMC3257867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages can cause great economic losses due to fermentation failure in dairy plants. Hence, physical and chemical treatments of raw material and/or equipment are mandatory to maintain phage levels as low as possible. Regarding thermal treatments used to kill pathogenic bacteria or achieve longer shelf-life of dairy products, neither low temperature long time nor high temperature short time pasteurization were able to inactivate most lactic acid bacteria (LAB) phages. Even though most phages did not survive 90°C for 2 min, there were some that resisted 90°C for more than 15 min (conditions suggested by the International Dairy Federation, for complete phage destruction). Among biocides tested, ethanol showed variable effectiveness in phage inactivation, since only phages infecting dairy cocci and Lactobacillus helveticus were reasonably inactivated by this alcohol, whereas isopropanol was in all cases highly ineffective. In turn, peracetic acid has consistently proved to be very fast and efficient to inactivate dairy phages, whereas efficiency of sodium hypochlorite was variable, even among different phages infecting the same LAB species. Both alkaline chloride foam and ethoxylated non-ylphenol with phosphoric acid were remarkably efficient, trait probably related to their highly alkaline or acidic pH values in solution, respectively. Photocatalysis using UV light and TiO2 has been recently reported as a feasible option to industrially inactivate phages infecting diverse LAB species. Processes involving high pressure were barely used for phage inactivation, but until now most studied phages revealed high resistance to these treatments. To conclude, and given the great phage diversity found on dairies, it is always advisable to combine different anti-phage treatments (biocides, heat, high pressure, photocatalysis), rather than using them separately at extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Guglielmotti
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial, Universidad Nacional del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Santa Fe, Argentina
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Garneau JE, Moineau S. Bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria and their impact on milk fermentations. Microb Cell Fact 2011; 10 Suppl 1:S20. [PMID: 21995802 PMCID: PMC3231927 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-10-s1-s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Every biotechnology process that relies on the use of bacteria to make a product or to overproduce a molecule may, at some time, struggle with the presence of virulent phages. For example, phages are the primary cause of fermentation failure in the milk transformation industry. This review focuses on the recent scientific advances in the field of lactic acid bacteria phage research. Three specific topics, namely, the sources of contamination, the detection methods and the control procedures will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane E Garneau
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Quebec city, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Capra M, Mercanti D, Rossetti L, Reinheimer J, Quiberoni A. Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei bacteriophage-resistant mutants. J Appl Microbiol 2011; 111:371-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05056.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Yang H, Liang L, Lin S, Jia S. Isolation and characterization of a virulent bacteriophage AB1 of Acinetobacter baumannii. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:131. [PMID: 20426877 PMCID: PMC2874798 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen worldwide with increasing prevalence of multi-drug and pan-drug resistance. A. baumannii exists widely in natural environment, especially in health care settings, and has been shown difficult to be eradicated. Bacteriophages are often considered alternative agent for controlling bacterial infection and contamination. In this study, we described the isolation and characterization of one virulent bacteriophage AB1 capable of specifically infecting A. baumannii. Results A virulent bacteriophage AB1, specific for infecting a clinical strain A. baumannii KD311, was first isolated from marine sediment sample. Restriction analysis indicated that phage AB1 was a dsDNA virus with an approximate genome size of 45.2 kb to 46.9 kb. Transmission electron microscopy showed that phage AB1 had an icosahedral head with a non-contractile tail and collar or whisker structures, and might be tentatively classified as a member of the Siphoviridae family. Proteomic pattern of phage AB1, generated by SDS-PAGE using purified phage particles, revealed five major bands and six minor bands with molecular weight ranging from 14 to 80 kilo-dalton. Also determined was the adsorption rate of phage AB1 to the host bacterium, which was significantly enhanced by addition of 10 mM CaCl2. In a single step growth test, phage AB1 was shown having a latent period of 18 minutes and a burst size of 409. Moreover, pH and thermal stability of phage AB1 were also investigated. At the optimal pH 6.0, 73.2% of phages survived after 60 min incubation at 50°C. When phage AB1 was used to infect four additional clinical isolates of A. baumannii, one clinical isolate of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lab strains PAK and PAO1, none of the tested strains was found susceptible, indicating a relatively narrow host range for phage AB1. Conclusion Phage AB1 was capable of eliciting efficient lysis of A. baumannii, revealing its potential as a non-toxic sanitizer for controlling A. baumannii infection and contamination in both hospital and other public environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, PO Box 08, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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CAPRA MARIAL, MERCANTI DIEGOJ, REINHEIMER JORGEA, QUIBERONI ANDREAL. Characterisation of three temperate phages released from the same Lactobacillus paracasei commercial strain. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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