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Xu Y, Anker Y, Talawar MP. Degradation of tetracycline, oxytetracycline & ampicillin by purified multiple copper oxidase like laccase from Stentrophomonas sp. YBX1. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1529-1543. [PMID: 38340257 PMCID: PMC11153415 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple copper oxidase (MCO) like laccase is widely distributed in higher plant, fungi and bacteria. This study identified MCO like laccase producing bacterium isolated from a wastewater treatment plant based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, and they were further confirmed by phylogenetic reconstruction. Biochemical and gene characterization of MCO like laccase from Stenotrophomonas sp. YBX1 is presented. Purification of MCO like laccase was carried out by ion exchange HQ Trap column and followed by gel filtration spheracryl S-100 column. The purified MCO like laccase from Stenotrophomonas sp. YBX1 shows a total activity of 1252 units and specific activity 391.2 U/mg and protein concentration 0.32 mg/mL. In SDS PAGE, the approximate molecular mass was found at 66 kDa and further confirmed from an MS spectrum of MALDI-TOF. The purified MCO like laccase is capable of degradation of antibiotics such as tetracycline completely, whereas oxytetracycline (78%) and ampicillin (62%) degraded within 96 min without any redox mediators at pH 5 and 30 ºC. Its degradation pathway was based on identification of metabolites by LC-MS spectrum. The enzymatic degradation may be used in advanced treatment of antibiotics containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaakov Anker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Manjunatha P Talawar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
- Department of Life Science, Garden City University, Bangalore, 580049, India.
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510 006, China.
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Buzzo BB, Giuliatti S, Pereira PAM, Gomes-Pepe ES, Lemos EGDM. Molecular Docking of Lac_CB10: Highlighting the Great Potential for Bioremediation of Recalcitrant Chemical Compounds by One Predicted Bacteroidetes CopA-Laccase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9785. [PMID: 37372934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases (MCOs) with a broad application spectrum, particularly in second-generation ethanol biotechnology and the bioremediation of xenobiotics and other highly recalcitrant compounds. Synthetic pesticides are xenobiotics with long environmental persistence, and the search for their effective bioremediation has mobilized the scientific community. Antibiotics, in turn, can pose severe risks for the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, as their frequent use for medical and veterinary purposes can generate constant selective pressure on the microbiota of urban and agricultural effluents. In the search for more efficient industrial processes, some bacterial laccases stand out for their tolerance to extreme physicochemical conditions and their fast generation cycles. Accordingly, to expand the range of effective approaches for the bioremediation of environmentally important compounds, the prospection of bacterial laccases was carried out from a custom genomic database. The best hit found in the genome of Chitinophaga sp. CB10, a Bacteroidetes isolate obtained from a biomass-degrading bacterial consortium, was subjected to in silico prediction, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. The putative laccase CB10_180.4889 (Lac_CB10), composed of 728 amino acids, with theoretical molecular mass values of approximately 84 kDa and a pI of 6.51, was predicted to be a new CopA with three cupredoxin domains and four conserved motifs linking MCOs to copper sites that assist in catalytic reactions. Molecular docking studies revealed that Lac_CB10 had a high affinity for the molecules evaluated, and the affinity profiles with multiple catalytic pockets predicted the following order of decreasing thermodynamically favorable values: tetracycline (-8 kcal/mol) > ABTS (-6.9 kcal/mol) > sulfisoxazole (-6.7 kcal/mol) > benzidine (-6.4 kcal/mol) > trimethoprim (-6.1 kcal/mol) > 2,4-dichlorophenol (-5.9 kcal/mol) mol. Finally, the molecular dynamics analysis suggests that Lac_CB10 is more likely to be effective against sulfisoxazole-like compounds, as the sulfisoxazole-Lac_CB10 complex exhibited RMSD values lower than 0.2 nm, and sulfisoxazole remained bound to the binding site for the entire 100 ns evaluation period. These findings corroborate that LacCB10 has a high potential for the bioremediation of this molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Bonfá Buzzo
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, UNESP, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirao Preto 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Elisângela Soares Gomes-Pepe
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute for Research in Bioenergy (IPBEN), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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Kesebir AÖ, Kılıç D, Şişecioğlu M, Adıgüzel A, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Recombinant laccase production from Bacillus licheniformis O12: Characterization and its application for dye decolorization. Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wu LC, Chen CY, Lin TK, Su YY, Chung YC. Highly efficient removal of victoria blue R and bioelectricity generation from textile wastewater using a novel combined dual microbial fuel cell system. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127326. [PMID: 32535452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel combined dual microbial fuel cell (MFC) system was developed for the continuous removal of Victoria Blue R (VBR) and electricity generation. Anaerobic and aerobic VBR-degrading bacteria, Shewanella putrefaciens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, respectively, were applied simultaneously. The effects of various factors on the performance of the novel system in the continuous mode were investigated, and optimal operating parameters for the system were determined. The optimal liquid retention time for continuous treatment was 36 h. The optimal external resistances of connected MFCs were 390 Ω and 1300 Ω. When artificial wastewater containing 1000 mg/l of VBR was fed continuously into the system, the VBR removal efficiency achieved was 98.7%. In addition, the acute toxicity of the effluent was decreased by a factor of 21.1-22.3, indicating that the system could detoxify VBR intermediates. VBR degradation involved a stepwise demethylation process, which occurred mainly in the first MFC, whereas aromatic ring opening, sequential deamination reaction, and carbon oxidation occurred mainly in the second MFC. When actual VBR-containing wastewater (75-262 mg/l) was introduced, the removal efficiencies of VBR, chemical oxygen demand, colority, NH3, and bioelectricity generation were >99.8%, >96.6%, >88.0%, 100%, and >194.8 mW/m2, respectively and the original inoculated strains remained dominant. Therefore, the combined dual MFC system could be applied to the treatment of actual VBR-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Wu
- Department of Logistics Engineering, Dongguan Polytechnic, Dongguan City, 523808, China
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei, 244, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Kang Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ya Su
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Kandasamy S, Muniraj IK, Purushothaman N, Sekar A, Sharmila DJS, Kumarasamy R, Uthandi S. High Level Secretion of Laccase (LccH) from a Newly Isolated White-Rot Basidiomycete, Hexagonia hirta MSF2. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:707. [PMID: 27242729 PMCID: PMC4870842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Newer and novel laccases attract considerable attention due to its promising and valuable multiple applications in biotech industry. This present investigation documents, for the first time, on high level extracellular secretion of laccase (LccH) in newly isolated wood-degrading basidiomycete Hexagonia hirta MSF2. LccH was optimally active at 40°C in citrate phosphate buffer with a pH of 3.4. Optimized Cu(2+) in glucose yeast extract (GY) medium enhanced the LccH production by H. hirta to 1944.44 U.ml(-1). A further increment in LccH activity of 5671.30 U.ml(-1) was achieved by the addition of a phenolic inducer, 2,5 Xylidine. Zymogram and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of LccH revealed that LccH is a monomer with a molecular mass of 66 kDa. MALDI-TOF-MS based peptide mass fingerprinting and comparative modeling of the amino acid sequence of LccH showed that it was closer to Trametes sp. AH28-2 (PDB: 3KW7) with 48% identity, 95% coverage, 0.011 alignment score and RMSD of 0.497Å. Crude LccH delignified lignocellulosic biomass such as wood and corncob, to a level of 28.6 and 16.5%, respectively. Such high level secretion, thermal and solvent stability of LccH make H. hirta a potential candidate not only for LccH production and biodelignification but also generation of lignin derived aromatic feed stock chemicals for industrial and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha Kandasamy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Iniya K. Muniraj
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Namitha Purushothaman
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Ashika Sekar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - D. J. S. Sharmila
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Ramasamy Kumarasamy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural UniversityCoimbatore, India
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Moghadam MS, Albersmeier A, Winkler A, Cimmino L, Rise K, Hohmann-Marriott MF, Kalinowski J, Rückert C, Wentzel A, Lale R. Isolation and genome sequencing of four Arctic marine Psychrobacter strains exhibiting multicopper oxidase activity. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:117. [PMID: 26879123 PMCID: PMC4754876 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Marine cold-temperature environments are an invaluable source of psychrophilic microbial life for new biodiscoveries. An Arctic marine bacterial strain collection was established consisting of 1448 individual isolates originating from biota, water and sediment samples taken at a various depth in the Barents Sea, North of mainland Norway, with an all year round seawater temperature of 4 °C. The entire collection was subjected to high-throughput screening for detection of extracellular laccase activity with guaiacol as a substrate. Results In total, 13 laccase-positive isolates were identified, all belonging to the Psychrobacter genus. From the most diverse four strains, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, all originating from the same Botryllus sp. colonial ascidian tunicate sample, genomic DNA was isolated and genome sequenced using a combined approach of whole genome shotgun and 8 kb mate-pair library sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform. The genomes were assembled and revealed genome sizes between 3.29 and 3.52 Mbp with an average G + C content of around 42 %, with one to seven plasmids present in the four strains. Bioinformatics based genome mining was performed to describe the metabolic potential of these four strains and to identify gene candidates potentially responsible for the observed laccase-positive phenotype. Up to two different laccase-like multicopper oxidase (LMCO) encoding gene candidates were identified in each of the four strains. Heterologous expression of P11F6-LMCO and P11G5-LMCO2 in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) resulted in recombinant proteins exhibiting 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and guaiacol oxidizing activity. Conclusions Thirteen Psychrobacter species with laccase-positive phenotype were isolated from a collection of Arctic marine bacteria. Four of the isolates were genome sequenced. The overall genome features were similar to other publicly available Psychrobacter genome sequences except for P11G5 harboring seven plasmids. However, there were differences at the pathway level as genes associated with degradation of phenolic compounds, nicotine, phenylalanine, styrene, ethylbenzene, and ethanolamine were detected only in the Psychrobacter strains reported in this study while they were absent among the other publicly available Psychrobacter genomes. In addition, six gene candidates were identified by genome mining and shown to possess T1, T2 and T3 copper binding sites as the main signature of the three-domain laccases. P11F6-LMCO and P11G5-LMCO2 were recombinantly expressed and shown to be active when ABTS and guaiacol were used as substrates. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2445-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Shojaei Moghadam
- Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andreas Albersmeier
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Sequenz 1, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Anika Winkler
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Sequenz 1, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Cimmino
- Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kjersti Rise
- Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Martin Frank Hohmann-Marriott
- Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Sequenz 1, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Christian Rückert
- Technology Platform Genomics, Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Bielefeld University, Sequenz 1, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany. .,Current address: Sinskey Lab, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Alexander Wentzel
- Department of Biotechnology, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, N-7465, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Rahmi Lale
- Department of Biotechnology, PhotoSynLab, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Chen CY, Wang GH, Tseng IH, Chung YC. Analysis of bacterial diversity and efficiency of continuous removal of Victoria Blue R from wastewater by using packed-bed bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:17-24. [PMID: 26657084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of a packed-bed bioreactor (PBB) for continuously removing Victoria Blue R (VBR) from an aqueous solution were determined. The effects of various factors including liquid retention time (RT), VBR concentration, shock loading, and coexisting compounds on the VBR removal and bacterial community in a continuous system were investigated. The intermediates of degraded VBR and the acute toxicity of the effluent from PBB were analyzed. When the VBR concentration was lower than 400 mg/l for a two-day retention time (RT), 100% removal was achieved. During continuous operation, the efficiency initially varied with the VBR concentration and RT, but gradually increased in one to two days. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of the effluent reduced by a factor of 21.25-49.61, indicating that the PBB can be successfully operated under turbulent environmental conditions. VBR degradation involved stepwise demethylation and yielded partially dealkylated VBR species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant phylum in the PBB was Proteobacteria and that Aeromonas hydrophila dominated during the entire operating period. The characteristics of the identified species showed that the PBB is suitable for processes such as demethylation, aromatic ring opening, carbon oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei, 244, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Horng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - I-Hung Tseng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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Whole-Genome Sequence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZBG7B Reveals Its Biotechnological Potential. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01442-15. [PMID: 26659682 PMCID: PMC4675947 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01442-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZBG7B was isolated from vineyard soil of Zellenberg, France. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of this bacterial strain, which has facilitated the prediction of function for several genes encoding biotechnologically important enzymes, such as xylosidase, xylanase, laccase, and chitinase.
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Assessing the genetic diversity of Cu resistance in mine tailings through high-throughput recovery of full-length copA genes. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13258. [PMID: 26286020 PMCID: PMC4541151 DOI: 10.1038/srep13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the genetic diversity of microbial copper (Cu) resistance at the community level remains challenging, mainly due to the polymorphism of the core functional gene copA. In this study, a local BLASTN method using a copA database built in this study was developed to recover full-length putative copA sequences from an assembled tailings metagenome; these sequences were then screened for potentially functioning CopA using conserved metal-binding motifs, inferred by evolutionary trace analysis of CopA sequences from known Cu resistant microorganisms. In total, 99 putative copA sequences were recovered from the tailings metagenome, out of which 70 were found with high potential to be functioning in Cu resistance. Phylogenetic analysis of selected copA sequences detected in the tailings metagenome showed that topology of the copA phylogeny is largely congruent with that of the 16S-based phylogeny of the tailings microbial community obtained in our previous study, indicating that the development of copA diversity in the tailings might be mainly through vertical descent with few lateral gene transfer events. The method established here can be used to explore copA (and potentially other metal resistance genes) diversity in any metagenome and has the potential to exhaust the full-length gene sequences for downstream analyses.
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Galai S, Pérez de los Ríos A, Hernández-Fernández FJ, Kacem SH, Ramírez FM, Quesada-Medina J. Microbial Fuel Cell Application for Azoic Dye Decolorization with Simultaneous Bioenergy Production UsingStenotrophomonassp. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Galai S, P. de los Ríos A, Hernández-Fernández FJ, Haj Kacem S, Tomas-Alonso F. Over-activity and stability of laccase using ionic liquids: screening and application in dye decolorization. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective effect of the ionic liquid [Chol][H2PO4] against temperature, pH, and storage time on Trametes versicolor laccase.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Galai
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of Excellence “Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia (UMU)
- Murcia
| | - A. P. de los Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of Excellence “Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia (UMU)
- Murcia
| | - F. J. Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Regional Campus of Excellence “Mare Nostrum”
- Technical University of Cartagena
- E-30202 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - S. Haj Kacem
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Bioactive Molecules (LIP-MB)
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology (INSAT)
- University of Carthage
- North Urban Center
- Tunis Cedex 676
| | - F. Tomas-Alonso
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Regional Campus of Excellence “Mare Nostrum”
- University of Murcia (UMU)
- Murcia
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Chen CY, Yen SH, Chung YC. Combination of photoreactor and packed bed bioreactor for the removal of ethyl violet from wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:494-501. [PMID: 25259784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient treatment system that combines a photoreactor and packed bed bioreactor (PBR) was developed and evaluated for treating ethyl violet (EV)-containing wastewater. Initial experiments demonstrated that the optimal operating parameters for the photoreactor in treating EV-containing wastewater were 2h reaction time, pH of 7, and 2 min liquid retention time. Under these conditions, the photocatalytic reaction achieved a 61% EV removal efficiency and resulted in a significant BOD/COD increase in the solution. The results displayed by the coupled photobiological system achieved a removal efficiency of 85% and EC50 of the solution increased by 19 times in a semi-continuous mode when the EV concentration was <150 mg +L(-)(1). The effect of shock loading on the EV removal was temporary but coexisting substrate (glucose and crystal violet) at specific levels would affect the EV removal efficiency of the PBR. Phylogenetic analysis in the PBR indicated that the major bacteria species were Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, Ralstonia pickettii, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Comamonas sp. Furthermore, the possible degrading mechanisms of this coupled system were demethylation, deethylation, aromatic ring opening, nitrification, and carbon oxidation. The intermediates were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. These results indicated that the coupled photobiological system provides an effective method of EV removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei 244, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsiung Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Laccase versus laccase-like multi-copper oxidase: a comparative study of similar enzymes with diverse substrate spectra. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65633. [PMID: 23755261 PMCID: PMC3670849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are multi-copper oxidases that catalyse the one-electron oxidation of a broad range of compounds including substituted phenols, arylamines and aromatic thiols to the corresponding radicals. Owing to their broad substrate range, copper-containing laccases are versatile biocatalysts, capable of oxidizing numerous natural and non-natural industry-relevant compounds, with water as the sole by-product. In the present study, 10 of the 11 multi-copper oxidases, hitherto considered to be laccases, from fungi, plant and bacterial origin were compared. A substrate screen of 91 natural and non-natural compounds was recorded and revealed a fairly broad but distinctive substrate spectrum amongst the enzymes. Even though the enzymes share conserved active site residues we found that the substrate ranges of the individual enzymes varied considerably. The EC classification is based on the type of chemical reaction performed and the actual name of the enzyme often refers to the physiological substrate. However, for the enzymes studied in this work such classification is not feasible, even more so as their prime substrates or natural functions are mainly unknown. The classification of multi-copper oxidases assigned as laccases remains a challenge. For the sake of simplicity we propose to introduce the term "laccase-like multi-copper oxidase" (LMCO) in addition to the term laccase that we use exclusively for the enzyme originally identified from the sap of the lacquer tree Rhus vernicifera.
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