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Lee MJ, Kim MA, Min KS. Combined effect of electrical energy and graphene oxide on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:844-850. [PMID: 37914231 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of electrical energy and its synergistic activity with graphene oxide (GO) in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms. The viability of E. faecalis biofilms was analyzed by colony-forming units, crystal violet staining, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The morphologies of the biofilms and the bacterial organelles were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission emission microscopy (TEM), respectively. Application of electrical energy combined with 0.2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on E. faecalis in biofilms significantly decreased the bacterial viability and biofilm biomass compared to the 0.2% NaOCl-only-treated group. Furthermore, additional application of GO showed similar antibacterial effects to 0.5% NaOCl. Notably, TEM observation revealed that the bacteria treated with electric energy and GO showed damaged cell membranes. The results suggest that combination of electrical energy and GO enhances antibacterial activity of NaOCl and has the potential to be applied to root canal irrigation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University
| | - Mi-Ah Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University
| | - Kyung-San Min
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University
- Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
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2
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Panariello BHD, Kindler JK, Spolnik KJ, Ehrlich Y, Eckert GJ, Duarte S. Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8306. [PMID: 33859338 PMCID: PMC8050066 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, thus, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created. To study electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) for the disinfection of root canal in vitro, single rooted teeth were instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212, which grew for 15 days to form an established biofilm. Samples were treated with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1.5% NaOCl 1.5% NaOCl with EMS, 0.9% saline with EMS or 0.9% saline. After treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) was determined. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test (α = 0.05). One sample per group was scored and split for confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. There was a significant effect with the use of NaOCl with or without EMS versus 0.9% saline with or without EMS (p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). CFUs were lower when using 0.9% saline with EMS versus 0.9% saline alone (p = 0.002). Confocal imaging confirmed CFU findings. EMS with saline has an antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis and can potentially be applied for endodontic disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz H D Panariello
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W Michigan St, DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Justin K Kindler
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kenneth J Spolnik
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ygal Ehrlich
- Department of Endodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Simone Duarte
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry (IUSD), 1121 W Michigan St, DS406, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Tarao H, Akutagawa M, Emoto T, Takei A, Yumoto H, Tominaga T, Ikehara T, Kinouchi Y. Evaluation of Temperature Increase From Joule Heat in Numerical Tooth Model by Applying 500 kHz Current for Apical Periodontitis Treatment-Effect of Applied Voltage and Tooth Conductivity. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 42:224-237. [PMID: 33537989 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For apical periodontitis treatments, a new method with the insertion of an electrode into the root canal of a tooth and application of a current at 500 kHz to sterilize the area by Joule heat has attracted attention. However, few studies have quantified the temperature increase in the root canal. This study aimed to investigate the basic characteristics of the temperature increase in a simple and standard tooth model when energizing a current at 500 kHz to the numerical tooth model with typical electrical and physical properties. We developed a numerical model of a standard tooth (dentin) and periodontal tissues consisting of an alveolar bone, cortical bone, and gingiva, and physiological saline in a root canal and calculated the temperature increase inside the numerical model by a coupled analysis of current and heat when a voltage was applied across the electrodes. The calculated results for the different applied voltages showed a temperature increase at the apical portion of the root canal, which increased with the applied voltage even for the same total supplied energy. The temperature increase occurred at the apical portion of the root canal as the tooth conductivity decreased. When the tooth conductivity was high, a current passed through the dentin, which led to a decrease in the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal. However, a chemical solution with a higher conductivity in the root canal tended to increase the temperature at the apical portion of the root canal, regardless of the tooth conductivity. More efficient approaches for increasing the spatial and temporal temperature for the tooth model target are needed. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroo Tarao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Masatake Akutagawa
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Emoto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Amane Takei
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tominaga
- Medical Corporation Tominaga Dental Clinic, Naruto, Japan.,Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Ikehara
- Institute of Health and Welfare, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kinouchi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Division of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zuo Y, Tang C, Zhou F, Cui X, Wang L. Effects of Rhein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside on the Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:323-328. [PMID: 33128581 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02248-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries is the most frequent biofilm-related human infectious disease in the oral cavity. Streptococcus mutans is one of the primary etiological agents of dental caries. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of rhein-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Rg) on the development of S. mutans biofilms. Growth curves were generated, and biofilm oxygen sensitivity was detected after Rg treatment. The expression levels of luxS, brpA, ffh, recA, nth, and smx were analyzed by real-time PCR. The trypan blue exclusion assay was used to measure the effect of Rg on monocyte viability. The results showed that Rg could significantly inhibit the growth of S. mutans and suppress the biofilm formation of S. mutans in a concentration-dependent manner. In Rg-treated biofilms, the expression levels of luxS, brpA, ffh, recA, nth, and smx were all decreased. Our results further showed that Rg was nontoxic, as Rg did not affect monocyte viability or lactate dehydrogenase activity in the exposed cells. These results suggested that Rg inhibited the biofilm formation of S. mutans, and the decrease in luxS, brpA, ffh, recA, nth, and smx expression might contribute to the antibacterial effects of Rg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochao Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanping Zuo
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chengfang Tang
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Cui
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Medical University, South 2nd Ring Road NO.168, Yan ta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Matsui S, Yoneda N, Maezono H, Kuremoto K, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Yumoto H, Ebisu S, Noiri Y, Hayashi M. Assessment of the functional efficacy of root canal treatment with high-frequency waves in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239660. [PMID: 32991601 PMCID: PMC7523981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a high-frequency wave therapy model in rats and to investigate the influence of high-frequency waves on root canal treatment, which may provide a novel strategy for treating apical periodontitis. Root canal treatments with and without high-frequency wave irradiation were performed on the mandibular first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats. The mesial roots were evaluated radiologically, bacteriologically, and immunohistochemically. At 3 weeks after root canal treatment, lesion volume had decreased significantly more in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group, indicating successful development of the high-frequency therapy model. The use of high-frequency waves provided no additional bactericidal effect after root canal treatment. However, high-frequency wave irradiation was found to promote healing of periapical lesions on the host side through increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 and transforming growth factor-β1 and could therefore be useful as an adjuvant nonsurgical treatment for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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El-Kaliuoby MI, Khalil AM, El-Khatib AM. Alterations of bacterial dielectric characteristics due to pulsed magnetic field exposure. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.19.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The effect of exposure to 0·1 Hz–0·1 kHz pulsed magnetic fields on models of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells was investigated. The possible alterations in the electrical characteristics of dead and alive bacteria cells were monitored by using dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric dispersions of cells were obtained over the range 42 Hz–8 MHz by measuring their dielectric permittivity and conductivity. The acquired results indicated exposure enhancement and inhibition effects on both bacterial models in different frequency windows. The spectroscopy results for all bacterial cells indicated two sizeable dispersions in low- and high-frequency ranges (so-called α- and β-dispersions) due to different polarization mechanisms. Remarkable variations in the dielectric relaxations were observed due to exposure as a result of possible alterations in the counterion clouds and ionic membrane permeability, plasma and cell wall charge residues. In conclusion, both bacterial models demonstrated considerable response to exposure, resulting in a significant electrochange in the cell membrane/wall structure. Moreover, by performing dielectric spectroscopy, it is possible to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells. It is worth mentioning that the observed results can be achieved when using resonance frequencies outside the range used in the study.
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