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Diet and Oral Health Coaching Methods and Models for the Independent Elderly. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10114021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Health-related behavior based on diet is an important determinant of oral health in independent elderly. Aging impairs senses, mastication, oral status, and function, causing nutritional needs and diet insufficiencies that contribute to a vicious circle of impairment. But the present needs of independent older adults suggest that health research and oral health care should shift from disease management and therapy to integral customized and personal treatment plans, including lifestyle, psychological, nutritional, and oral health coaching approaches. In this paper health coaching approaches in medical and dental settings are valued as to their effectiveness for older adults. Furthermore, coaching approaches for seniors are discussed and coaching models for better senior patient-dentist cooperation on the diet issue are suggested. Diet and oral health coaching is proven to be a modern senior patient-centered approach that needs to be incorporated at all relevant settings. It should aim to empower older adults in co-management of their oral diseases or bad diet habits affecting their oral health. This can be carried out through an incorporated educational plan for dentists either at the postgraduate or professional level since advantages seem to enhance the quality of life of the independent elderly.
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Farahmand F, Khorasani P, Shahriari M. Effectiveness of a self-care education program on hypertension management in older adults discharged from cardiac-internal wards. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2019; 15:44-52. [PMID: 31440285 PMCID: PMC6679660 DOI: 10.22122/arya.v15i2.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of a self-care education (SCE) discharge program with telephone follow-ups in managing hypertension (HTN) in older patients. METHODS The study was conducted on 56 older patients with HTN who had recently been discharged from the cardiac wards of hospitals in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The intervention was a 60-minute SCE discharge program with 4 re-educative telephone follow-ups every 2 weeks based on 4 chapters of the designed SCE program and booklet. After coding the data and entering them into SPSS software, data were analyzed for the comparison of mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as well as frequency of managed HTN in the intervention and control groups at baseline (before discharge), and 2 and 3 months after discharge. RESULTS Statistical tests showed no significant difference in any of the demographic and confounding variables as well as baseline BPs (P > 0.050), but at post-intervention follow-ups, after Mauchly's sphericity test, repeated measurements ANOVA showed that the effect of time (P < 0.001) and group (P = 0.043) on SBP was significant. The effect of time (P = 0.036) and group (P = 0.047) on DBP was also significant. McNemar's test showed that the frequency of managed HTN (normal BP), 3 months after discharge, was significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group [87.5% (n = 21) vs. 23.1% (n = 6), respectively] (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION SCE discharge program with telephone re-educative follow-ups was effective in reducing mean BP. The use of this program as a discharged plan for older adults with HTN and comparison of readmission rates for a longer period are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farahmand
- MSc Student, Department of Community Health and Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Khorasani
- Assistant Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center AND Department of Community Health and Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahriari
- Associate Professor, Department of Adult Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan, Iran
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Park YH, Moon SH, Ha JY, Lee MH. The long-term effects of the health coaching self-management program for nursing-home residents. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1079-1088. [PMID: 28744111 PMCID: PMC5513810 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s137821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Little is known about whether a self-management program for nursing-home residents (NHR) with cognitive impairment is likely to have an impact on the care of this growing population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the health-coaching self-management program for NHR (HCSMP-NHR) on 1) self-efficacy and goal attainment scaling (GAS), 2) health status and quality of life (QoL) among older people, including those with cognitive impairment, in Korean nursing homes. Methods This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Participants in the intervention group (n=43, mean age =80.91±7.65 years) received the HCSMP-NHR intervention, composed of group health education and individual coaching, for 8 weeks. Conventional care was provided to the conventional group (n=47, mean age =80.19±7.53 years) during the same period. The effects of the HCSMP-NHR were measured three times: at baseline, week 9, and week 20. Results The intervention group showed better results for self-efficacy (P=0.007), health distress (P=0.007), depression (P<0.001), and QoL (P=0.04) at week 9. Mean GAS score of the intervention group gradually increased from −0.38 to 0.74. The time × group interaction showed that the intervention group had significant improvements in QoL (P=0.047), and significant reductions in health distress (P=0.016) and depression (P<0.001), while showing no deterioration in shortness of breath (P<0.001). Conclusion Our study findings indicate that the HCSMP-NHR improved self-efficacy and GAS and enhanced the health status and QoL of NHR with chronic conditions who also had mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment. Moreover, these effects were successfully maintained over the 5 months of the trial. Further research is needed to establish the optimum intervention period and to assess the possibility of nationwide implementation of the HCSMP-NHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwan Park
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University.,The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul
| | - Sun-Hee Moon
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Welfare and Education, Gwangju University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University
| | - Min-Hye Lee
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University
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Schoberer D, Leino-Kilpi H, Breimaier HE, Halfens RJ, Lohrmann C. Educational interventions to empower nursing home residents: a systematic literature review. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1351-1363. [PMID: 27729778 PMCID: PMC5047743 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s114068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of the study Health education is essential to improve health care behavior and self-management. However, educating frail, older nursing home residents about their health is challenging. Focusing on empowerment may be the key to educating nursing home residents effectively. This paper examines educational interventions that can be used to empower nursing home residents. Methods A systematic literature search was performed of the databases PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and Embase, screening for clinical trials that dealt with resident education and outcomes in terms of their ability to empower residents. An additional, manual search of the reference lists and searches with SIGLE and Google Scholar were conducted to identify gray literature. Two authors independently appraised the quality of the studies found and assigned levels to the evidence reported. The results of the studies were grouped according to their main empowering outcomes and described narratively. Results Out of 427 identified articles, ten intervention studies that addressed the research question were identified. The main educational interventions used were group education sessions, motivational and encouragement strategies, goal setting with residents, and the development of plans to meet defined goals. Significant effects on self-efficacy and self-care behavior were reported as a result of the interventions, which included group education and individual counseling based on resident needs and preferences. In addition, self-care behavior was observed to significantly increase in response to function-focused care and reasoning exercises. Perceptions and expectations were not improved by using educational interventions with older nursing home residents. Conclusion Individually tailored, interactive, continuously applied, and structured educational strategies, including motivational and encouraging techniques, are promising interventions that can help nursing home residents become more empowered. Empowering strategies used by nurses can support residents in their growth and facilitate their self-determination. Further research on the empowerment of residents using empowerment scales is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Schoberer
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Helga E Breimaier
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ruud Jg Halfens
- Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christa Lohrmann
- Institute of Nursing Science, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Conn VS, Ruppar TM, Chase JAD, Enriquez M, Cooper PS. Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Hypertens Rep 2016; 17:94. [PMID: 26560139 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-015-0606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review applied meta-analytic procedures to synthesize medication adherence interventions that focus on adults with hypertension. Comprehensive searching located trials with medication adherence behavior outcomes. Study sample, design, intervention characteristics, and outcomes were coded. Random-effects models were used in calculating standardized mean difference effect sizes. Moderator analyses were conducted using meta-analytic analogues of ANOVA and regression to explore associations between effect sizes and sample, design, and intervention characteristics. Effect sizes were calculated for 112 eligible treatment-vs.-control group outcome comparisons of 34,272 subjects. The overall standardized mean difference effect size between treatment and control subjects was 0.300. Exploratory moderator analyses revealed interventions were most effective among female, older, and moderate- or high-income participants. The most promising intervention components were those linking adherence behavior with habits, giving adherence feedback to patients, self-monitoring of blood pressure, using pill boxes and other special packaging, and motivational interviewing. The most effective interventions employed multiple components and were delivered over many days. Future research should strive for minimizing risks of bias common in this literature, especially avoiding self-report adherence measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Conn
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, S317 Sinclair Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Todd M Ruppar
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, S423 Sinclair Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jo-Ana D Chase
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, S343 Sinclair Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Maithe Enriquez
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, S327 Sinclair Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Pamela S Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, S318 Sinclair Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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Sell K, Amella E, Mueller M, Andrews J, Wachs J. Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ojn.2016.63022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park YH, Bang HL, Kim GH, Ha JY. Facilitators and barriers to self-management of nursing home residents: perspectives of health-care professionals in Korean nursing homes. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:1617-24. [PMID: 26491277 PMCID: PMC4608591 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s93333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore facilitators and barriers to self-management from the viewpoint of staff taking care of nursing home (NH) residents with chronic diseases in South Korea. Patients and methods A qualitative content analysis was done using the focus group interview method. A total of 23 health-care professionals (16 registered nurses and 7 social workers) were interviewed from three urban NHs, each with more than 100 beds. Results Five facilitators were identified: grouping the residents; the resident’s awareness of his/her current health status; the willingness of residents to engage in self-management; residence in the facility; and support from the staff. Additionally, seven barriers were identified: deterioration of the resident’s health; the dependency expectations of the resident; hesitation in asking for help; difference in expectations between the staff and the resident’s family; insufficient staffing and time; lack of standardized guidelines; and conservative tendencies of the staff due to rigid policies. Conclusion The findings of this study can help health-care professionals recognize the factors that influence self-management and provide direction for registered nurses and other health professionals involved in supporting self-management programs for NH residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwan Park
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwal Lan Bang
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Nursing Science, College of Industry, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Ga Hye Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Park YH, Chang H. Effect of a health coaching self-management program for older adults with multimorbidity in nursing homes. Patient Prefer Adherence 2014; 8:959-70. [PMID: 25045253 PMCID: PMC4094628 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s62411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although a growing number of older people are suffering from multimorbidity, most of the health problems related to multimorbidity can be improved by self-management. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a health coaching self-management program for older adults with multimorbidity in nursing homes. METHODS Older adults with multimorbidity from one nursing home in Korea were randomly allocated to either an intervention group (n=22) or conventional group (n=21). Participants in the intervention group met face to face with the researchers twice a week for 8 weeks, during which time the researchers engaged them in goal setting and goal performance using the strategies in the health coaching self-management program. Regular care was provided to the other participants in the conventional group. RESULTS Participants in the intervention group had significantly better outcomes in exercise behaviors (P=0.015), cognitive symptom management (P=0.004), mental stress management/relaxation (P=0.023), self-rated health (P=0.002), reduced illness intrusiveness (P<0.001), depression (P<0.001), and social/role activities limitations (P<0.001). In addition, there was a significant time-by-group interaction in self-efficacy (P=0.036). According to the goal attainment scales, their individual goals of oral health and stress reduction were achieved. CONCLUSION The health coaching self-management program was successfully implemented in older adults with multimorbidity in a nursing home. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate the long-term effects of an intervention to enhance adherence to self-management and quality of life for older adults with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hwan Park
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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