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Madhuranga W, Tharuka MN, Yang H, Lim C, Wan Q, Bathige S, Lee J. Molecular expression analysis and characterization of rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) B cell activating factor. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ciulli S, Pinheiro ACDAS, Volpe E, Moscato M, Jung TS, Galeotti M, Stellino S, Farneti R, Prosperi S. Development and application of a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantitation of lymphocystis disease virus. J Virol Methods 2014; 213:164-73. [PMID: 25522921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is responsible for a chronic self-limiting disease that affects more than 125 teleosts. Viral isolation of LCDV is difficult, time-consuming and often ineffective; the development of a rapid and specific tool to detect and quantify LCDV is desirable for both diagnosis and pathogenic studies. In this study, a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was developed using a Sybr-Green-based assay targeting a highly conserved region of the MCP gene. Primers were designed on a multiple alignment that included all known LCDV genotypes. The viral DNA segment was cloned within a plasmid to generate a standard curve. The limit of detection was as low as 2.6DNA copies/μl of plasmid and the qPCR was able to detect viral DNA from cell culture lysates and tissues at levels ten-times lower than conventional PCR. Both gilthead seabream and olive flounder LCDV has been amplified, and an in silico assay showed that LCDV of all genotypes can be amplified. LCDV was detected in target and non-target tissues of both diseased and asymptomatic fish. The LCDV qPCR assay developed in this study is highly sensitive, specific, reproducible and versatile for the detection and quantitation of Lymphocystivirus, and may also be used for asymptomatic carrier detection or pathogenesis studies of different LCDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ciulli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy.
| | | | - Enrico Volpe
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Michele Moscato
- Panittica Pugliese, Str. Comunale del Procaccio, 72010 Torrecanne, BR, Italy
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Aquatic Biotechnology Center of WCU Project Lab. of Aquatic Animal Diseases College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwadong, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, South Korea
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Udine, Via Sondrio, 2, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Sabrina Stellino
- Cesena Campus, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Riccardo Farneti
- Cesena Campus, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Santino Prosperi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci, 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
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Palmer LJ, Hogan NS, van den Heuvel MR. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular methods for the detection of lymphocystis disease virus from yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchell). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:661-670. [PMID: 22804739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocystis disease is a prevalent, non-fatal disease that affects many teleost fish and is caused by the DNA virus lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV). Lymphocystis-like lesions have been observed in yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchell), in lakes in northern Alberta, Canada. In an effort to confirm the identity of the virus causing these lesions, DNA was extracted from these lesions and PCR with genotype generic LCDV primers specific to the major capsid protein (MCP) gene was performed. A 1357-base pair nucleotide sequence corresponding to a peptide length of 452 amino acids of the MCP gene was sequenced, confirming the lesions as being lymphocystis disease lesions. Phylogenetic analysis of the generated amino acid sequence revealed the perch LCDV isolate to be a distinct and novel genotype. From the obtained sequence, a real-time PCR identification method was developed using fluorgenic LUX primers. The identification method was used to detect the presence/absence of LCDV in yellow perch from two lakes, one where lymphocystis disease was observed to occur and the other where the disease had not been observed. All samples of fin, spleen and liver tested negative for LCDV in the lake where lymphocystis disease had not been observed. The second lake had a 2.6% incidence of LCD, and virus was detected in tissue samples from all individuals tested regardless of whether they were expressing the disease or not. However, estimated viral copy number in spleen and liver of symptomatic perch was four orders of magnitude higher than that in asymptomatic perch.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Palmer
- Department of Biology, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada.
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Cano I, Valverde EJ, Lopez-Jimena B, Alonso MC, Garcia-Rosado E, Sarasquete C, Borrego JJ, Castro D. A new genotype of Lymphocystivirus isolated from cultured gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L., and Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis (Kaup). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:695-700. [PMID: 20487141 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I Cano
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Abstract
Purines appear to be the most primitive and widespread chemical messengers in the animal and plant kingdoms. The evidence for purinergic signalling in plants, invertebrates and lower vertebrates is reviewed. Much is based on pharmacological studies, but important recent studies have utilized the techniques of molecular biology and receptors have been cloned and characterized in primitive invertebrates, including the social amoeba Dictyostelium and the platyhelminth Schistosoma, as well as the green algae Ostreococcus, which resemble P2X receptors identified in mammals. This suggests that contrary to earlier speculations, P2X ion channel receptors appeared early in evolution, while G protein-coupled P1 and P2Y receptors were introduced either at the same time or perhaps even later. The absence of gene coding for P2X receptors in some animal groups [e.g. in some insects, roundworms (Caenorhabditis elegans) and the plant Arabidopsis] in contrast to the potent pharmacological actions of nucleotides in the same species, suggests that novel receptors are still to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK.
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