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Sun P, Zhang D, Li N, Li XF, Ma YH, Li H, Tian Y, Wang T, Siddiquid SA, Sun WW, Zhang L, Shan XF, Wang CF, Qian AD, Zhang DX. Transcriptomic insights into the immune response of the intestine to Aeromonas veronii infection in northern snakehead (Channa argus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114825. [PMID: 36989948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a protective response that is implicated in bacterial enteritis triggered by gastrointestinal infection. The immune mechanisms elicited in teleost against the infection of Aeromonas veronii are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a de novo northern snakehead (Channa argus) transcriptome assembly using Illumina sequencing platform. On this basis we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of northern snakehead intestine from A. veronii-challenge and phosphate buffer solution (PBS)-challenge fish, and 2076 genes were up-regulated and 1598 genes were down-regulated in the intestines infected with A. veronii. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched to 27, 21 and 20 GO terms in biological process, cellular component, and molecular function, respectively. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that 420 DEGs were involved in 194 pathways. Moreover, 33 DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data. The results reflected the consistency of the expression levels between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data. In addition, a time-course analysis of the mRNA expression of 33 immune-related genes further indicated that the intestinal inflammation to A. veronii infection simultaneously regulated gene expression alterations. The present study provides transcriptome data of the teleost intestine, allowing us to understand the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation triggered by bacterial pathogens. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: All data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and Supplementary files. The RNA-seq raw sequence data are available in NCBI short read archive (SRA) database under accession number PRJNA615958.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Na Li
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Mudanjiang, Mudanjiang 157020, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yi-Han Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | | | - Wu-Wen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ai-Dong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Dong-Xing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Host–Pathogen Interactions of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091316. [PMID: 36138795 PMCID: PMC9495620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Complex interactions between marine Gram-positive pathogens and fish hosts in the marine environment can result in diseases of economically important finfish, which cause economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Understanding how these pathogens interact with the fish host and generate disease will contribute to efficient prophylactic measures and treatments. To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews on marine Gram-positive pathogens. Therefore, here we reviewed the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens from the pathogen-centric and host-centric points of view. Abstract Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Renibacterium salmoninarum, Mycobacterium marinum, Nocardia seriolae, Lactococcus garvieae, and Streptococcus spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these pathogens and their dynamic interactions with their respective fish–host systems are critical to developing effective prophylactic measures and treatments. While much is known about bacterial virulence and fish immune response, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge in terms of host–pathogen interactions as a centerpiece to establish a crucial connection between the intricate details of marine Gram-positive pathogens and their fish hosts. Therefore, this review provides a holistic view and discusses the different stages of the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens. Gram-positive pathogens can invade fish tissues, evade the fish defenses, proliferate in the host system, and modulate the fish immune response. Marine Gram-positive pathogens have a unique set of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion (e.g., adhesins, hemagglutination activity, sortase, and capsules), invasion (e.g., toxins, hemolysins/cytolysins, the type VII secretion system, and immune-suppressive proteins), evasion (e.g., free radical quenching, actin-based motility, and the inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion), and proliferation and survival (e.g., heme utilization and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems) in the fish host. After infection, the fish host initiates specific innate and adaptive immune responses according to the extracellular or intracellular mechanism of infection. Although efforts have continued to be made in understanding the complex interplay at the host–pathogen interface, integrated omics-based investigations targeting host–pathogen–marine environment interactions hold promise for future research.
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Song X, Hu X, Sun B, Bo Y, Wu K, Xiao L, Gong C. A transcriptome analysis focusing on inflammation-related genes of grass carp intestines following infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40777. [PMID: 28094307 PMCID: PMC5240114 DOI: 10.1038/srep40777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective response that is implicated in bacterial enteritis and other fish diseases. The inflammatory mechanisms behind Aeromonas hydrophila infections in fish remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed a de novo grass carp transcriptome assembly using Illumina's Solexa sequencing technique. On this basis we carried out a comparative analysis of intestinal transcriptomes from A. hydrophila-challenged and physiological saline solution (PSS/mock) -challenged fish, and 315 genes were up-regulated and 234 were down-regulated in the intestines infected with A. hydrophila. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes were enriched to 12, 4, and 8 GO terms in biological process, molecular function, and cellular component, respectively. A KEGG analysis showed that 549 DEGs were involved in 165 pathways. Moreover, 15 DEGs were selected for quantitative real-time PCR analysis to validate the RNA-seq data. The results confirmed the consistency of the expression levels between RNA-seq and qPCR data. In addition, a time-course analysis of the mRNA expression of 12 inflammatory genes further demonstrated that the intestinal inflammatory responses to A. hydrophila infection simultaneously modulated gene expression variations. The present study provides intestine-specific transcriptome data, allowing us to unravel the mechanisms of intestinal inflammation triggered by bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingyao Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yunxuan Bo
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lanying Xiao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Sood N, Chaudhary DK, Rathore G, Singh A, Lakra WS. Monoclonal antibodies to snakehead, Channa striata immunoglobulins: detection and quantification of immunoglobulin-positive cells in blood and lymphoid organs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:569-575. [PMID: 21167285 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Snakehead Channa striata is an important freshwater food fish in many Southeast Asian countries. Three monoclonal antibodies (C9, C10 and D10) were developed against purified serum immunoglobulins of Channa striata (Cs-Ig) and characterized. C9 and D10 MAbs were specific to heavy chain, while C10 MAb detected only unreduced Cs-Ig in western blotting. In competitive ELISA, C9 and C10 MAbs were specific to C. striata Ig and showed no cross reactivity with serum Ig of other fish species i.e. Channa punctatus, Channa marulius, Clarias batrachus and Labeo rohita. D10 MAb showed reactivity to serum Ig of C. striata and C. marulius. In FACS analysis of gated lymphocytes, the percentage of Ig+ cells detected by C9 MAb was 18.2%, 27.7% and 10.3% in blood, spleen and kidney, respectively (n=3, body weight 500-600 g). However, only a few cells (0.5%) were found to be Ig+ in thymus (n=5). C9 MAb was also successfully employed to demonstrate Ig+ cells in blood smears and formalin fixed sections of spleen and kidney. These findings suggest that the spleen plays an important role in humoral immunity as compared to head kidney. Further, these MAbs can be useful immunological tool in monitoring health status of cultured C. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sood
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Fish Health Management Division, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Lumsden JS, Wybourne B, Minamikawa M, Tubbs L. Gastric dilation and air sacculitis in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum); correlation of macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and relationship of the syndrome to glomerulonephritis and serum biochemistry. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:737-747. [PMID: 20626549 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Macroscopic and microscopic assessment procedures were developed to evaluate the severity and enable diagnosis from histological samples, of gastric dilation and air sacculitis (GDAS) in Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. Stomachs and swim bladders were examined from young fish with experimentally induced GDAS and from larger fish with the syndrome held in commercial saltwater net-pens. Fish fed a diet previously known to induce GDAS had significantly wider stomachs with decreased prominence of longitudinal stomach folds that contained larger amounts of fluid (P < 0.001), and thinner stomach walls with greater inter-nerve distances (P < 0.001), than fish fed an alternative commercial diet not associated with the syndrome. These fish also had swim bladders that were more likely to be opaque and contain more fluid (P < 0.001). These observations correlated well with selected criteria for stomach tissue (P < 0.002) and swim bladder (P < 0.04) that could be evaluated microscopically. Four stomach measurements, primarily measurements of wall or partial wall thickness and inter-nerve distances, were suitable for discriminating between affected and non-affected fish. A stomach width ratio, that was independent of fish weight and highly correlated with macroscopic stomach measurements (P < 0.0001), was particularly useful; this ratio was derived from the distances between both the outer border of the muscularis mucosa and mesothelium of the serosal surface to the stratum compactum. Serum biochemistry parameters (osmolality, calcium and magnesium) did not differ between fish fed different diets, but serum creatinine concentration was correlated with the microscopic thickness of the muscularis externa of the stomach wall and the total stomach thickness (P < 0.001 and P < 0.003, respectively). A glomerulonephritis was also noted in these fish. The severity of the lesion was not significantly related to GDAS nor to any serum biochemistry parameter assayed however.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lumsden
- Institute of Animal, Veterinary, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Faisal M, Eissa AE, Starliper CE. Recovery of Renibacterium salmoninarum from naturally infected salmonine stocks in Michigan using a modified culture protocol. J Adv Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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