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Mateus AP, Costa RA, Sadoul B, Bégout ML, Cousin X, Canario AV, Power DM. Thermal imprinting during embryogenesis modifies skin repair in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108647. [PMID: 36842641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fish skin is a multifunctional tissue that develops during embryogenesis, a developmental stage highly susceptible to epigenetic marks. In this study, the impact of egg incubation temperature on the regeneration of a cutaneous wound caused by scale removal in juvenile European sea bass was evaluated. Sea bass eggs were incubated at 11, 13.5 and 16 °C until hatching and then were reared at a common temperature until 9 months when the skin was damaged and sampled at 0, 1 and 3 days after scale removal and compared to the intact skin from the other flank. Skin damage elicited an immediate significant (p < 0.001) up-regulation of pcna in fish from eggs incubated at higher temperatures. In fish from eggs incubated at 11 °C there was a significant (p < 0.001) up-regulation of krt2 compared to fish from higher thermal backgrounds 1 day after skin damage. Damaged epidermis was regenerated after 3 days in all fish irrespective of the thermal background, but in fish from eggs incubated at 11 °C the epidermis was significantly (p < 0.01) thinner compared to other groups, had less goblet cells and less melanomacrophages. The thickness of the dermis increased during regeneration of wounded skin irrespective of the thermal background and by 3 days was significantly (p < 0.01) thicker than the dermis from the intact flank. The expression of genes for ECM remodelling (mmp9, colXα, col1α1, sparc, and angptl2b) and innate immunity (lyg1, lalba, sod1, csf-1r and pparγ) changed during regeneration but were not affected by egg thermal regime. Overall, the results indicate that thermal imprinting of eggs modifies the damage-repair response in juvenile sea bass skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Patrícia Mateus
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita A Costa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bastien Sadoul
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots, France; DECOD, Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability, Institut Agro, Ifremer, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Xavier Cousin
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, INRAE, 34250, Palavas-Les-Flots, France
| | - Adelino Vm Canario
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Institution of Marine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Holm H, Santi N, Kjøglum S, Perisic N, Skugor S, Evensen Ø. Difference in skin immune responses to infection with salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) of families selected for resistance and susceptibility. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:384-94. [PMID: 25449368 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon is susceptible to the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and the variation in susceptibility within the species can be exploited in selective breeding programs for louse resistant fish. In this study, lice counts were completed on 3000 siblings from 150 families of Atlantic salmon identified as high resistant (HR) and low resistant (LR) families in two independent challenge trials. Skin samples behind the dorsal fin (nearby lice attachment) were collected from ten extreme families (HR or LR) and analyzed by qPCR for the expression of 32 selected genes, including a number of genes involved in T helper cell (Th) mediated immune responses, which have been previously implied to play important roles during salmon louse infections. Most genes showed lower expression patterns in the LR than in HR fish, suggesting an immunosuppressed state in LR families. The average number of lice (chalimi) was 9 in HR and 15 in LR fish. Large variation in lice counts was seen both within resistant and susceptible families, which enabled us to subdivide the groups into HR < 10 and HR > 10, and LR < 10 and LR > 10 to better understand the effect of lice burden per se. As expected, expression patterns were influenced both by genetic background and the number of attached parasites. Higher number of lice (>10) negatively affected gene expression in both HR and LR families. In general, strongest down-regulation was seen in LR > 10 and lesser down-regulation in HR < 10. HR in general and especially HR < 10 fish were better at resisting suppression of expression of both Th1 and Th2 genes. However, the best inverse correlation with infection level was seen for the prototypical Th1 genes, including several members from the interferon pathways. In addition, skin histomorphometry suggests that infected LR salmon had thicker epidermis in the area behind the dorsal fin and larger mucous cell size compared to infected HR fish, however marginally significant (p = 0.08). This histomorphometric finding was in line with the immune response being skewed in LR towards the Th2 rather than a Th1 profile. Our findings suggest that the ability to resist lice infection depends on the ability to avoid immunosuppression and not as much on the physical tissue barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Holm
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Center, PO Box 8146, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nina Santi
- Aquagen AS, Havnegata 9, N-7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Nebojsa Perisic
- Weifa AS, Stittlidalen 4, Fikkjebakke, 3766 Sannidal, PO Box 98, NO-37911 Kragerø, Norway
| | - Stanko Skugor
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Center, PO Box 8146, N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Sea Lice Research Center, PO Box 8146, N-0033 Oslo, Norway.
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Rai AK, Srivastava N, Nigam AK, Kumari U, Mittal SWATI, Mittal AK. Healing of cutaneous wounds in a freshwater teleost, Labeo rohita: Scanning electron microscopical investigation. Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:890-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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