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Picchietti S, Buonocore F, Guerra L, Belardinelli MC, De Wolf T, Couto A, Fausto AM, Saraceni PR, Miccoli A, Scapigliati G. Molecular and cellular characterization of European sea bass CD3ε + T lymphocytes and their modulation by microalgal feed supplementation. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:149-165. [PMID: 33433686 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The CD3 coreceptor is a master T cell surface marker, and genes encoding CD3ζ, γδ, and ε chains have been reported in several teleost fish. Here, a complete cDNA sequence of CD3ɛ chain was identified from a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) gill transcriptome. Its basal expression was quantified in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs of sea bass juveniles with real-time qPCR analysis. After either in vitro stimulation of head kidney leukocytes with the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin or in vivo stimulation with an orally administered Vibrio anguillarum vaccine, CD3ε expression levels increased in head kidney leukocytes, confirming that CD3ε T cells may play important roles in fish systemic protection against pathogens. Further, three peptides were designed on the CD3ɛ cytoplasmic tail region and employed as immunogens for antibody production in rabbit. One antiserum so obtained, named RACD3/1, immunostained a band of the expected size in a western blot of a sea bass thymocyte lysate. The distribution of CD3ε+ lymphocyte population in the lymphoid organs and mucosal tissues was addressed in healthy fish by IHC. In decreasing percentage order, CD3ε+ lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry in thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes, gills, head kidney, gut, and spleen. Finally, a significant in vivo enhancement of CD3ε+ T intestinal lymphocytes was found in fish fed on diets in which 100% fish meal was replaced by the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. biomass. These results indicate that CD3ε+ T cells are involved in nutritional immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Laura Guerra
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Belardinelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tania De Wolf
- INVE Aquaculture Research Center, Dendermond, Belgium
| | - Ana Couto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Paolo Roberto Saraceni
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Miccoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Estensoro I, Pérez-Cordón G, Sitjà-Bobadilla A, Piazzon MC. Bromodeoxyuridine DNA labelling reveals host and parasite proliferation in a fish-myxozoan model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:651-662. [PMID: 29265424 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Enteromyxum leei is a myxozoan parasite responsible for enteritis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The parasite proliferates in the paracellular space of the intestinal epithelium and induces an inflammatory reaction. To assess intestinal cell turnover and parasite proliferation, fish were infected with the parasite by anal intubation; after 17 and 64 days, the cell proliferative marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered; and after 24 hr, tissue samples were taken for immunohistochemical detection. Parasite exposure induced increased epithelial and immune cell proliferation in all intestinal segments at all time points, even before parasite establishment. This increased turnover was triggered early after intubation and mainly at a local level, as shown by an increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) gene expression only at the posterior intestine after 17 days (not found in lymphohaematopoietic organs). Incorporation of BrdU in parasite secondary and tertiary daughter cells indicated that parasite endogeny is not by schizogonial division, which uses de novo synthesis pathway of pyrimidines. Altogether, BrdU immunolabelling and pcna gene expression showed the rapid proliferative response of the fish intestines upon a myxozoan infection and how this response is effectively triggered even before the parasite reaches or establishes in the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Estensoro
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
| | - G Pérez-Cordón
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
- Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, UK
| | - A Sitjà-Bobadilla
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
| | - M C Piazzon
- Fish Pathology Group, Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Castellón, Spain
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Gürcü B, Koca YB, Özkut M, Tuğlu Mİ. Matrix changes due to the toxic effects of metronidazole in intestinal tissue of fish (Onchorhynchus mykiss). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1605-1610. [PMID: 26517388 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metranidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic used for parasitic infections in a number of species. Accumulation of this drug in the environment and its interaction with fish of economic value makes this drug particularly important. In the present study, we examined the histopathological effects of MTZ on the intestinal tissue of Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish in aquarium were exposed to MTZ at doses of 5, 10, 20 mg/L for 2, 4 and 8 days. At the end of the experiments, macroscopic pathology or death were not observed at these doses. Histochemical staining with Haematoxylene-Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff and Gomori Trichrome showed, depending on increased dose and prolonged duration, areas of necrosis, edema, inflammation, small tears at the tips of the villi and excretion with heterogenic distribution of the Goblet cells. Moreover, changes in the connective tissue of the intestines due to toxicity of MTZ and decreases in immunostaining of matrix proteins such as laminin and collagen IV, especially in the epithelium were observed. Findings of the present study would be useful to demonstrate the adverse effects of MTZ use, emphasizing the importance of the effect on fish which could be very important public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Gürcü
- Celal Bayar University, School of Science and Letter, Department of Biology, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Yücel Başımoğlu Koca
- Adnan Menderes University, School of Science and Letter, Department of Biology, Aydın, Turkey.
| | - Mahmud Özkut
- Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet İbrahim Tuğlu
- Celal Bayar University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriology, Manisa, Turkey.
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A Review of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Delivery Systems for Virus Vaccines of Finfish. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:960859. [PMID: 26065009 PMCID: PMC4433699 DOI: 10.1155/2015/960859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoked by vaccination. Antigens delivered by the intracellular route induce MHC-I restricted CD8+ responses while antigens presented through the extracellular route activate MHC-II restricted CD4+ responses implying that the route of antigen delivery is a conduit to induction of B- or T-cell immune responses. In finfish, different antigen delivery systems have been explored that include live, DNA, inactivated whole virus, fusion protein, virus-like particles, and subunit vaccines although mechanisms linking these delivery systems to protective immunity have not been studied in detail. Hence, in this review we provide a synopsis of different strategies used to administer viral antigens via the intra- or extracellular compartments. Further, we highlight the differences in immune responses induced by antigens processed by the endogenous route compared to exogenously processed antigens. Overall, we anticipate that the synopsis put together in this review will shed insights into limitations and successes of the current vaccination strategies used in finfish vaccinology.
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Faílde LD, Losada AP, Bermúdez R, Santos Y, Quiroga MI. Evaluation of immune response in turbot (Psetta maxima L.) tenacibaculosis: Haematological and immunohistochemical studies. Microb Pathog 2014; 76:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chikwati EM, Gu J, Penn MH, Bakke AM, Krogdahl Å. Intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and migration in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.: effects of temperature and inflammation. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 353:123-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Boardman T, Warner C, Ramirez-Gomez F, Matrisciano J, Bromage E. Characterization of an anti-rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) CD3ε monoclonal antibody. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 145:511-5. [PMID: 22188783 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study characterizes a monoclonal antibody (mAb) produced against the cytoplasmic tail region of the epsilon chain of the CD3 (CD3ε) transmembrane protein found on T lymphocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy conducted on trout leukocytes with the anti-trout CD3ε mAb showed a distinctive population of IgM(-) CD3e(+) lymphocytes fitting the expected profile of T-cells. Immunoprecipitation of lysates derived from trout lymphocytes revealed a 19 kDa protein and peptide analysis confirmed its specificity for CD3ɛ. In vitro proliferation assays with T-cell mitogens, ConA and PHA, resulted in a 3 fold increase in the percentage of CD3ɛ+ lymphocytes compared to LPS and control cultures. The mAb characterized in this study will be useful in further elucidation for both the role and distribution of T lymphocytes in the teleost immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boardman
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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