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Frossard JL, Lescuyer P, Pastor CM. Experimental evidence of obesity as a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5260-5. [PMID: 19908332 PMCID: PMC2776851 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, is increasing worldwide. Pancreatic injury is mild in 80%-90% of patients who recover without complications. The remaining patients may develop a severe disease with local complications such as acinar cell necrosis, abscess and remote organ injury including lung injury. The early prediction of the severity of the disease is an important goal for physicians in management of patients with acute pancreatitis in order to optimize the therapy and to prevent organ dysfunction and local complications. For that purpose, multiple clinical scale scores have been applied to patients with acute pancreatitis. Recently, a new problem has emerged: the increased severity of the disease in obese patients. However, the mechanisms by which obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis are unclear. Several hypotheses have been suggested: (1) obese patients have an increased inflammation within the pancreas; (2) obese patients have an increased accumulation of fat within and around the pancreas where necrosis is often located; (3) increase in both peri- and intra-pancreatic fat and inflammatory cells explain the high incidence of pancreatic inflammation and necrosis in obese patients; (4) hepatic dysfunction associated with obesity might enhance the systemic inflammatory response by altering the detoxification of inflammatory mediators; and (5) ventilation/perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia associated with a low pancreatic flow might reduce the pancreatic oxygenation and further enhance pancreatic injury. Recent experimental investigations also show an increased mortality and morbidity in obese rodents with acute pancreatitis and the implication of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Such models are important to investigate whether the inflammatory response of the disease is enhanced by obesity. It is exciting to speculate that manipulation of the adipokine milieu has the potential to influence the severity of acute pancreatitis.
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Verginelli F, Bishehsari F, Napolitano F, Mahdavinia M, Cama A, Malekzadeh R, Miele G, Raiconi G, Tagliaferri R, Mariani-Costantini R. Transitions at CpG dinucleotides, geographic clustering of TP53 mutations and food availability patterns in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6824. [PMID: 19718455 PMCID: PMC2730577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is mainly attributed to diet, but the role exerted by foods remains unclear because involved factors are extremely complex. Geography substantially impacts on foods. Correlations between international variation in colorectal cancer-associated mutation patterns and food availabilities could highlight the influence of foods on colorectal mutagenesis. METHODOLOGY To test such hypothesis, we applied techniques based on hierarchical clustering, feature extraction and selection, and statistical pattern recognition to the analysis of 2,572 colorectal cancer-associated TP53 mutations from 12 countries/geographic areas. For food availabilities, we relied on data extracted from the Food Balance Sheets of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Dendrograms for mutation sites, mutation types and food patterns were constructed through Ward's hierarchical clustering algorithm and their stability was assessed evaluating silhouette values. Feature selection used entropy-based measures for similarity between clusterings, combined with principal component analysis by exhaustive and heuristic approaches. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Mutations clustered in two major geographic groups, one including only Western countries, the other Asia and parts of Europe. This was determined by variation in the frequency of transitions at CpGs, the most common mutation type. Higher frequencies of transitions at CpGs in the cluster that included only Western countries mainly reflected higher frequencies of mutations at CpG codons 175, 248 and 273, the three major TP53 hotspots. Pearson's correlation scores, computed between the principal components of the datamatrices for mutation types, food availability and mutation sites, demonstrated statistically significant correlations between transitions at CpGs and both mutation sites and availabilities of meat, milk, sweeteners and animal fats, the energy-dense foods at the basis of "Western" diets. This is best explainable by differential exposure to nitrosative DNA damage due to foods that promote metabolic stress and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Verginelli
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Shariati Hospital, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francesco Napolitano
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Mahboobeh Mahdavinia
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Shariati Hospital, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Shariati Hospital, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gennaro Miele
- Department of Physical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Raiconi
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Roberto Tagliaferri
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Renato Mariani-Costantini
- Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, “G. d'Annunzio” University, and Center of Excellence on Aging (CeSI), “G. d'Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Tanrikulu Y, Rau O, Schwarz O, Proschak E, Siems K, Müller-Kuhrt L, Schubert-Zsilavecz M, Schneider G. Structure-based pharmacophore screening for natural-product-derived PPARgamma agonists. Chembiochem 2009; 10:75-8. [PMID: 19067454 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Tanrikulu
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Goethe-Universität, CMP/LiFF/ZAFES, Siesmayerstrasse 70, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Pettersson S. Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease: a complex systemic disease engaging multiple players outside the immune system. J Intern Med 2008; 263:574-6. [PMID: 18479255 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pettersson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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