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Worm M, Zidane M, Eisert L, Fischer-Betz R, Foeldvari I, Günther C, Iking-Konert C, Kreuter A, Müller-Ladner U, Nast A, Ochsendorf F, Schneider M, Sticherling M, Tenbrock K, Wenzel J, Kuhn A. S2k-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des kutanen Lupus erythematodes - Teil 2: Therapie, Risikofaktoren und spezielle Fragestellungen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1371-1395. [PMID: 34541800 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14491_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Worm
- Allergologie und Immunologie, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Lisa Eisert
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin
| | - Rebecca Fischer-Betz
- Poliklinik und Funktionsbereich für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | - Ivan Foeldvari
- Hamburger Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie, Hamburg
| | - Claudia Günther
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - Christof Iking-Konert
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin der III. Medizinischen Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen, Oberhausen
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Abteilung für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Kerckhoff-Klinik GmbH, Bad Nauheim
| | - Alexander Nast
- Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin
| | - Falk Ochsendorf
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Poliklinik und Funktionsbereich für Rheumatologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf
| | | | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen
| | - Jörg Wenzel
- Dermatologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn
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Worm M, Zidane M, Eisert L, Fischer-Betz R, Foeldvari I, Günther C, Iking-Konert C, Kreuter A, Müller-Ladner U, Nast A, Ochsendorf F, Schneider M, Sticherling M, Tenbrock K, Wenzel J, Kuhn A. S2k guideline: Diagnosis and management of cutaneous lupus erythematosus - Part 2: Therapy, risk factors and other special topics. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1371-1395. [PMID: 34338428 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margitta Worm
- Allergology and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Miriam Zidane
- Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Lisa Eisert
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, Berlin
| | | | - Ivan Foeldvari
- Hamburg Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Hamburg
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department and Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - Christof Iking-Konert
- Center for Internal Medicine at the IIIrd Medical Department and Clinic, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Helios St. Elisabeth Klinik Oberhausen
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kerckhoff-Klinik GmbH, Bad Nauheim
| | - Alexander Nast
- Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM), Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Falk Ochsendorf
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Clinic and Functional Division for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf
| | | | - Klaus Tenbrock
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen
| | - Jörg Wenzel
- Dermatological Department, University Hospital Bonn
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Feld JJ. The beginning of the end: what is the future of interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C? Antiviral Res 2014; 105:32-8. [PMID: 24548815 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon has been the backbone of therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for over 20years. Initial response rates were poor, however they have slowly but steadily improved, such that with the addition of the nucleotide analogue ribavirin and the pegylation of interferon, over 50% of infected individuals could be cured with a course of therapy. However, interferon therapy is not ideal, requiring up to a year of weekly injections and associated with numerous systemic side effects. Advances in understanding of the HCV lifecycle have led to the development of numerous highly effective, well-tolerated oral direct acting antivirals (DAAs). Although the first DAAs were combined with peginterferon and ribavirin, with the rapid progress in the field, it is likely that interferon-free therapy will be available for most patients in the relatively near future. In the short term, peginterferon will be required with either the protease inhibitor simeprevir, or the nucleotide analogue polymerase inhibitor, sofosbuvir, for the treatment of genotype 1 infection. Peginterferon also appears to be a useful adjunct to sofosbuvir and ribavirin for patients with genotype 3 infection, particularly those with cirrhosis. In the future, once combination DAA therapies are available, peginterferon will serve a smaller and smaller role. Peginterferon may be useful as part of QUAD therapy with 2 DAAs and ribavirin in prior null responders or in patients who fail DAA regimens with multi-drug resistant HCV. Peginterferon may also have a role in resource-limited regions to reduce the number and/or duration of DAAs required. Ultimately, although peginterferon will remain a salvage therapy, its days as a mainstay of therapy are definitely numbered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Feld
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, Sandra Rotman Centre for Global Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent developments concerning the potential viral pathomechanisms and involvement of viruses in Sjögren's syndrome, and to highlight the areas for future research and therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Activated IFN-1 pathway plays an important part in the autoimmune disease process of Sjögren's syndrome; therefore, several therapies aiming to reduce or inhibit the IFN-1 production and its effects may be a target for future treatment plans. Activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor may interact with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which in turn may predispose to the development of Sjögren's syndrome. It is estimated that the population is 95% positive for EBV serology. Microbial factors may incite autoimmune disease. Although this hypothesis is proven in a few illnesses such as rheumatic fever, there is no definitive evidence of an infectious environmental trigger in Sjögren's syndrome. However, there are circumstantial data with regard to viruses and several potential mechanisms of disease. These include antigen mimicry, polyclonal lymphocyte activation, and infection-mediated innate end-organ inflammation. In addition, hepatitis C virus infection clearly causes a Sjögren's-syndrome-like illness. SUMMARY Data continue to implicate viral infection in the cause of Sjögren's syndrome, but there are no definitive studies incriminating a particular virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Igoe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
- US Department of Veterans Affairs, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Labro MT. Immunomodulatory effects of antimicrobial agents. Part I: antibacterial and antiviral agents. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2012; 10:319-40. [PMID: 22397566 DOI: 10.1586/eri.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite impressive therapeutic progresses in the battle against infections, microorganisms are still a threat to mankind. With hundreds of antibacterial molecules, major concerns remain about the emergence of resistant and multidrug-resistant pathogens. On the other hand, the antiviral drug armamentarium is comprised of only a few dozens of compounds which are highly pathogen specific, and resistance is also a concern. According to Arturo Casadevall (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA), we have now entered the third era of anti-infective strategy, which intends to favor the interplay between active molecules and the immune system. The first part of this review focuses on the potential immunomodulating properties of anti-infective agents, beginning with antibacterial and antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Labro
- Inserm SC14 Centre d'Expertise Collective, Université Paris Diderot Paris, 7 Faculté de Médecine Site Bichat, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75890, Paris Cedex 18, France.
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