1
|
Piasecki T, Kwoka K, Gacka E, Kunicki P, Gotszalk T. Electrical, thermal and noise properties of platinum-carbon free-standing nanowires designed as nanoscale resistive thermal devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 35:115502. [PMID: 38064743 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad13c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-carbon (PtC) composite nanowires were fabricated using focused electron beam induced deposition and postprocessed, and their performance as a nanoscale resistive thermal device (RTD) was evaluated. Nanowires were free-standing and deposited on a dedicated substrate to eliminate the influence of the substrate itself and of the halo effect on the results. The PtC free-standing nanowires were postprocessed to lower their electrical resistance using electron beam irradiation and thermal annealing using Joule heat both separately and combined. Postprocessed PtC free-standing nanowires were characterized to evaluate their noise figure (NF) and thermal coefficients at the temperature range from 30 K to 80 °C. The thermal sensitivity of RTD was lowered with the reduced resistance but simultaneously the NF improved, especially with electron-beam irradiation. The temperature measurement resolution achievable with the PtC free-standing nanowires was 0.1 K in 1 kHz bandwidth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Piasecki
- Department of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kwoka
- Department of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Gacka
- Department of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kunicki
- Department of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teodor Gotszalk
- Department of Nanometrology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Effect of Heat Treatments on the Microstructural Evolution of a Single Crystal High-Entropy Superalloy. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10121600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of solution heat treatment as well as primary and secondary aging treatment conditions on the microstructural evolution of a high-entropy superalloy was investigated. The as-cast sample shows coarsened γ′ precipitates and other extra phases at interdendrite region due to microsegregation. This microsegregation makes γ′ solvus unclear and decreases the solidus. After conducting the solution treatment determined in this study, primary aging conditions showing an aligned cubic γ′ phase at 1050 °C for 4 h and random spherical γ′ precipitates at 950 °C for 20 h in similar size were found. By using both samples, secondary aging conditions showing coarsened secondary γ′ precipitates and γ particles inside the γ′ precipitates at 800 °C for 20 h and fine secondary γ′ precipitates at 850 and 870 °C for 20 h were found.
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiao D, Ruan Q, Bao DL, Luo Y, Huang C, Tang S, Shen J, Cheng C, Chu PK. Effects of Ion Energy and Density on the Plasma Etching-Induced Surface Area, Edge Electrical Field, and Multivacancies in MoSe 2 Nanosheets for Enhancement of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001470. [PMID: 32463594 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasma functionalization can increase the efficiency of MoSe2 in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) by providing multiple species but the interactions between the plasma and catalyst are not well understood. In this work, the effects of the ion energy and plasma density on the catalytic properties of MoSe2 nanosheets are studied. The through-holes resulting from plasma etching and multi-vacancies induced by plasma-induced damage enhance the HER efficiency as exemplified by a small overpotential of 148 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and Tafel slope of 51.6 mV dec-1 after the plasma treatment using a power of 20 W. The interactions between the plasma and catalyst during etching and vacancies generation are evaluated by plasma simulation. Finite element and first-principles density functional theory calculations are also conducted and the results are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the improved HER catalytic activity stems from the enhanced electric field and more active sites on the catalyst, and reduced bandgap and adsorption energy arising from the etched through-holes and vacancies, respectively. The results convey new fundamental knowledge about the plasma effects and means to enhance the efficiency of catalysts in water splitting as well insights into the design of high-performance HER catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Xiao
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qingdong Ruan
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - De-Liang Bao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Institute of Physics and University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Siying Tang
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Núñez A, Llovet X, Almagro JF. Analysis of chemical changes and microstructure characterization during deformation in ferritic stainless steel. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:959-968. [PMID: 23628319 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761300024x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Uni- and biaxial tension deformation tests, with different degrees of deformation, have been done on AISI 430 (EN 1.4016) ferritic stainless steel samples, which had both different chemical compositions and had undergone different annealing treatments. The initial and deformed materials were characterized by using electron backscatter diffraction and backscatter electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope together with electron probe microanalysis. The correlation observed among the chemical compositions, annealing treatment, and strain level obtained after deformation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Núñez
- Departamento I+D+i, ACERINOX EUROPA S.A.U., Pol. Industrial Palmones s/n, ES-11379 Los Barrios, Spain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
New experimental methods developed by the authors for characterisation of the structure of single-crystal nickel-base superalloys are presented: X-ray diffraction at defined areas of the dendritic structure, none destructive SEM investigation of ’-morphology changes for different creep stresses and times with one specimen, and high resolution SEM investigations of dislocations in the ’-interfaces. Application of these techniques allowed to obtain new results, e.g. about the mosaicity of dendritic subgrains, distribution of the ’-misfit within a single dendrite and kinetics of rafting during creep in the superalloy CMSX-4 in wide temperature and stress ranges.
Collapse
|