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Alzarooni AH, El-Damanhoury HM, Aravind SS, Rahman B. Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024; 25:52-57. [PMID: 38514431 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Nd:YAG laser, glutaraldehyde-based desensitizer (GD), or their combination on occluding dentinal tubules. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty dentin samples were obtained from non-carious human third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): (1) Control group treated with 37% phosphoric acid, (2) GD group, (3) Nd:YAG laser group (1064 nm, 100 µs, 10 Hz, 300 µm fiber, 1 W power, 100 mJ energy, and 85 J/cm2 energy density), (4) GD followed by Nd:YAG laser group, and (5) Nd:YAG laser followed by GD group. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to capture five images from each sample for analysis of dentinal tubules using Image J software. SEM/EDX elemental analysis was performed to determine the main mineral contents. Data analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test for statistical comparisons. RESULTS Laser and combination groups showed a significant decrease in dentinal tubule counts compared with the control and GD groups (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in open dentinal tubule counts between the control and GD groups, as well as between the laser and combination groups. However, significant differences were observed in the total area, average size of the tubules, and percentage area between the control group and the treatment groups (GD, laser, GD + laser, laser + GD). No significant difference was found in the Ca/P ratio between the tested groups. CONCLUSION The use of Nd:YAG laser alone or in combination with GD was more effective in occluding dentinal tubules compared to GD alone. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study has shown that Nd:YAG laser alone and in combination with GD has superior dentinal tubule occlusion in vitro. Its clinical use in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity may overcome the drawback of conventional treatment approaches for dentin hypersensitivity needing repeated applications to achieve continuous relief from pain since acidic diet and toothbrushing result in the continuing elimination of precipitates and surface coatings. How to cite this article: Alzarooni AH, El-Damanhoury HM, Aravind SS, et al. Combined Effects of Glutaraldehyde-based Desensitizer and Nd: YAG Laser on Dentinal Tubules Occlusion. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):52-57.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alya H Alzarooni
- Department of Dentistry, Emirates Health Services, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4419-7872
| | - Soumya S Aravind
- Dental Biomaterials Research Group, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1947-253X
| | - Betul Rahman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, Phone: +97165057365, e-mail: , Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8762-4187
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Kanehira M, Ishihata H, Araki Y, Takahashi H, Sasaki K, Finger WJ. Effect of artificial saliva on permeability of dentin treated with phosphate containing desensitizer measured by digital flow meter. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:963-969. [PMID: 31434831 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of artificial saliva on permeability measured using a highly sensitive digital flow meter of dentin discs treated with a phosphate containing desensitizer compound (Teethmate desensitizer; TD). Four random groups (n=10) were treated either with TD or distilled water (DW), then stored in artificial saliva (AS) or DW for 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. Flow rates under 2 kPa pressure were calculated as percentage reduction (PR%) from the baseline. The PR% of TD/AS group was significantly lower after 1 day and 1 week, but the PR%s of 1 month groups among TD/AS, TD/DW and DW/AS were not significantly different. The SEM photograph of TD/AS group displayed that the dentin surface was densely covered with mineral deposits. Ca and phosphate ions from the artificial saliva could penetrate into the tubules and precipitate as hydroxyapatite, resulting in the reduction in permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kanehira
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroshi Ishihata
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Yasuyuki Araki
- Functional Photochemistry and Chemical Biology, Division of Organic- and Bio-Materials Research, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Werner J Finger
- Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
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João-Souza SH, Machado AC, Lopes RM, Zezell DM, Scaramucci T, Aranha ACC. Effectiveness and acid/tooth brushing resistance of in-office desensitizing treatments—A hydraulic conductance study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 96:130-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ulu Güzel KG, Özay Ertürk MS, Kırzıoğlu Z, Özkorucuklu S. Evaluation of dentin permeability of fluorotic permanent teeth. Acta Odontol Scand 2018; 76:415-421. [PMID: 29334282 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2018.1425898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The in vitro permeability characteristics of dentin have been studied extensively and used to evaluate the efficacy of various preventative and restorative procedures. The aim of this in vitro study was to precisely determine the dentin permeability of fluorotic premolar teeth using an electronic hydraulic conductance measurement system with photosensors and to compare the data with healthy premolars. METHODS In total, 40 fluorotic and healthy premolar teeth with complete root formation that were extracted for orthodontic purposes and had no caries, restoration, fractures, or cracks were selected for this study. Teeth were classified according to a modified form of the dental fluorosis index of Thylstrup and Fejerskov. The dentin discs were placed in an electronic hydraulic conductance measurement system equipped with photosensors, which was designed for measurements of dentin permeability. The amount of distilled water passed through each dentin disc (μL/min) under a constant pressure was determined. Dentin permeability data of the fluorotic and healthy teeth were recorded and analyzed statistically. RESULTS The present study showed that fluorosis influenced the volume of fluid that passed through the dentin and the dentin permeability was decreased, whereas dental fluorosis severity was increased in permanent teeth. CONCLUSION The number of teeth with fluorosis is increasing, depending on fluorine sources, so more appropriate treatments will need to be evaluated by standardizing the methods employed in related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Görkem Ulu Güzel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | | | - Zuhal Kırzıoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Suat Özkorucuklu
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Art Science, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Diniz A, Lima S, Tavarez RR, Borges AH, Pinto S, Tonetto MR, Loguercio AD, Bandéca MC. Preventive Use of a Resin-based Desensitizer Containing Glutaraldehyde on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by In-office Bleaching: A Randomized, Single-blind Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2018; 43:472-481. [PMID: 29570018 DOI: 10.2341/17-020-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk and intensity of bleaching-induced tooth sensitivity (TS) after in-office bleaching following topical application of a resin-based glutaraldehyde desensitizer. METHODS Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to the experimental (Gluma Desensitizer Liquid, Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, Germany) and placebo groups. The placebo or Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was applied for one minute prior to application of an in-office bleaching gel. Bleaching was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (three applications × 15 minutes each) over two sessions, one week apart. The color of the anterior teeth was evaluated before and 21 days after treatment using the VITA Classical shade guide, Bleachedguide 3D, and Easyshade spectrophotometer. TS during and after the bleaching was recorded according to the visual analog (VAS) and numerical rating (NRS) scales. All data were submitted to statistical analysis (α=0.05). RESULTS There was no significant difference in absolute risk or intensity of TS between the two groups (risk and VAS, p=0.93 and 0.31, respectively; NRS, p≥0.45). At the end of the bleaching protocol, tooth whitening was observed in both groups, as evident from color change in shade guide units (ΔSGU, 4.1-7.1; both guides) and overall color change (ΔE, 7.4-9.3 units); however, there were no significant differences in whitening between the two groups ( p>0.11). CONCLUSION Gluma Desensitizer Liquid was not able to reduce the risk or intensity of TS. Bleaching efficacy was not affected by application of the desensitizer.
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Ishihata H, Kanehira M, Finger WJ, Takahashi H, Tomita M, Sasaki K. Effect of two desensitizing agents on dentin permeability in vitro. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:34-41. [PMID: 28198974 PMCID: PMC5289398 DOI: 10.1590/1678-77572016-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of two desensitizing agents and water on hydraulic conductance in human dentin. Material and Methods GLUMA Desensitizer PowerGel (GLU) contains glutaraldehyde (GA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and Teethmate Desensitizer (TD) is a powder comprising tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) that is mixed with water. Deionized water was used as a negative control (CTR). Thirty discs with a thickness of 1.2 mm were cut from the coronal dentin of the third molars and cleaned with 0.5 M EDTA (pH 7.4). After being mounted in a split-chamber device, the discs were pressurized with water at 1 kPa and 3 kPa in order to measure flow rates with a highly sensitive micro-flow sensor and to calculate hydraulic conductance as a baseline value (BL). Following the application of GLU, TD, and CTR (n=10), hydraulic conductance was remeasured with intermittent storage in water after 15 min, 1 d, 1 w, and 1 m. Reduction in permeability (PR%) was calculated from hydraulic conductance. Data were statistically analyzed using nonparametric methods (α<0.05). Representative discs were inspected by SEM. Results PR% for GLU and TD were 30-50% 15 min and 1 m after their application. Post hoc tests indicated that PR% of CTR was significantly greater than those of GLU and TD at all time points tested. The PR% of GLU and TD were not significantly different. SEM examinations showed noncollapsed collagen meshes at the tubular entrances after GLU, and crystalline precipitates occluding the tubular orifices after TD, whereas CTR specimens showed typical patterns of etched dentin. Conclusions The present study on hydraulic conductance in dentin discs treated with two chemically different desensitizing agents and water as a control demonstrated that both products may be characterized as effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishihata
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Biology, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kanehira
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Werner J Finger
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Liaison Center for Innovative Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Tomita
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Clinical Research Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Sasaki
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Dentistry, Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Oral Function and Morphology, Sendai, Japan
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Yilmaz NA, Ertas E, Orucoğlu H. Evaluation of Five Different Desensitizers: A Comparative Dentin Permeability and SEM Investigation In Vitro. Open Dent J 2017; 11:15-33. [PMID: 28484578 PMCID: PMC5396078 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and durability of five different dentin desensitizers (Gluma Desensitizer Powergel, Bifluorid 12, Gluma Self Etch Bond, D/Sense Crystal, Nupro Sensodyne Prophylaxis Paste with Novamin) on tubule occlusion and dentin permeability reduction in vitro. METHOD The quantitative changes in permeability of 100 dentin discs were measured after desensitizer treatments and following post-treatments of 6% citric acid challenge for 1 min or immersion in artificial saliva for 24 hours under hydrostatic pressure generated by a computerised fluid filtration meter. Qualitative SEM analyses were also carried out. RESULTS Dentin permeability decreased after desensitizer application in all groups. Nevertheless, only the difference between 'Gluma Self Etch Bond' and 'Nupro Sensodyne Prophylaxis Paste with Novamin' groups was significantly different (p<0.05). Dentin permeability increased significantly after post-treatments (p<0.05). There was no statistically difference among the citric acid-subgroups (p>0.05). Of all the artificial saliva-subgroups, only the difference between 'D/Sense Crystal' and 'Bifluorid 12' was significantly different (p<0.05). In SEM analysis, morphological changes were detected on the dentin surface and within the tubules following desensitizer treatments and post-treatments. CONCLUSION All the desensitizers significantly reduced dentin permeability by changing the morphology of the dentin surface and/or dentinal tubules. Following post-treatments, there was some reduction in the efficacy of the desensitizers which was represented by the reduction in permeability values. SEM analysis revealed some physical changes in the dentin structure which can partly give an explanation to the reduced efficacy of tested desensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibe Aycan Yilmaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,
University of Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ertan Ertas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry,
University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Hasan Orucoğlu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of
Abant Izzet Baysal, Bolu, Turkey
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Effect of theobromine-containing toothpaste on dentin tubule occlusion in situ. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:109-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fluid flow through dentin–self-etch resin interface during long term in vitro aging. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:3711-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schmidlin PR, Sahrmann P. Current management of dentin hypersensitivity. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17 Suppl 1:S55-9. [PMID: 23274415 PMCID: PMC3585982 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the article was to present an overview of the management strategies of dentin hypersensitivity (DHS) and summarize and discuss the therapeutic options. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed literature search was conducted to identify articles dealing with dentin hypersensitivity prophylaxis and treatment. We focussed on meta-analyses of available or controlled clinical trials. RESULTS DHS therapy should start with noninvasive individual prophylactic home-care approaches. In-office therapy follows with nerve desensitizing, precipitating, or plugging agents. If the hypersensitivity persists, depending on the hard and soft tissue components at reevaluation, i.e., presence or absence of cervical lesions and the gingival contour, adhesive restorations including sealing or mucogingival surgery may be an option. They allow for the establishment of a physicomechanical barrier. As the placebo effect may play an important role, adequate patient management strategies and positive reinforcement may improve the management of DHS in the future. CONCLUSIONS Lifelong maintenance under the premise of strict control of the causative factors is crucial in the management of DHS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians are faced with a broad spectrum of therapeutic options. Therapy should not only focus on pain reduction or better elimination but also on the modification of the exposed cervical dentin area based on the defect type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Centre of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Akatsuka R, Ishihata H, Noji M, Matsumura K, Kuriyagawa T, Sasaki K. Effect of hydroxyapatite film formed by powder jet deposition on dentin permeability. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:558-62. [PMID: 23167474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A powder jet deposition (PJD) process can be used to create a thick hydroxyapatite (HA) film on the surface of a human tooth. This study aimed to investigate in vitro the ability of an HA film, applied using PJD, to diminish dentin permeability. Discs of human coronal dentin were cut perpendicular to the tooth axis and the smear layer was removed by EDTA treatment. The HA film was created by accelerating HA particles, calcinated at 1200°C, onto the dentin discs at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The surfaces and cross-sections of the HA PJD-treated samples were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Their permeability was indirectly recorded with a split-chamber device utilizing a chemiluminescence technique. MS-coat, a commercial dentin-desensitizing agent, was also evaluated for its effect on reducing liquid flow through the dentin. The scanning electron microscopy images showed that the HA particles were successfully deposited onto the dentin and solidly into the dentin tubules. The permeability of dentin after application of the HA films was significantly lower than that following application of MS-coat. This study showed the potential clinical application of PJD techniques in desensitizing dentin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Akatsuka
- Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
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Ishihata H, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Shimauchi H, Komatsu M. In vitro dentin permeability after application of Gluma® desensitizer as aqueous solution or aqueous fumed silica dispersion. J Appl Oral Sci 2011; 19:147-53. [PMID: 21552716 PMCID: PMC4243753 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess and to compare the effects of Gluma® Desensitizer (GDL) with an
experimental glutaraldehyde and HEMA containing fumed silica dispersion (GDG) on
dentin permeability using a chemiluminous tracer penetration test. Material and Methods Twenty disc-shaped dentin specimens were dissected from extracted human third
molars. The dentin specimens were mounted in a split chamber device for
determination of permeability under liquid pressure using a photochemical method.
Ten specimens were randomly selected and allocated to the evaluation groups Gluma®
Desensitizer as aqueous solution and glutaraldehyde/HEMA as fumed silica
dispersion, respectively. Dentin disc permeability was determined at two pressure
levels after removal of smear with EDTA, after albumin soaking, and after
application of the desensitizing agents. Two desensitizer-treated and rinsed
specimens of each group were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for
surface remnants. Results Comparatively large standard deviations of the mean EDTA reference and albumin
soaked samples permeability values reflected the differences of the dentin
substrates. The mean chemiluminescence values of specimen treated with GDL and
GDG, respectively, were significantly reduced after topical application of the
desensitizing agents on albumin-soaked dentin. The effects of GDL and GDG on
permeability were not significantly different. Treated specimens showed no surface
remnants after rinsing. Conclusions The experimental desensitizer gel formulation reduced dentin permeability as
effectively as the original Gluma® Desensitizer solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishihata
- Department of Oral Biology Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate Dental School, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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Perdigão J. Dentin bonding—Variables related to the clinical situation and the substrate treatment. Dent Mater 2010; 26:e24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sengun A, Buyukbas S, Hakki SS. Cytotoxic effects of dental desensitizers on human gingival fibroblasts. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2006; 78:131-7. [PMID: 16470823 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three different desensitizers on the cell viability and morphology of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Human gingival tissues were obtained from individuals who have clinically, healthy periodontium. HGF were grown at 37 degrees C in humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium, supplemented with glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum. The cells were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 microL/mL) of desensitizers (Gluma Desensitizer, Seal&Protect, and MicroPrime). After 24- and 48-h exposure to the desensitizer solutions, the viable cells were examined using a hemocytometer. To monitor HGF viability, 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay was used and cell morphology was also observed at 48 h. Following exposure to concentrations of 0.1 microL/mL of test materials for 24 h, cell survival rates for Gluma Desensitizer (106%) and Micro Prime (62%) were not significantly different from the control, while it was significant for Seal&Protect (50%). Growing cells were significantly inhibited by all tested materials for 48 h (p < 0.05) in survival rates of 51, 47, and 31%, respectively. On the basis of the MTT assay, the cytotoxic effect of MicroPrime was more prominent, especially at high concentrations, than does Gluma Desensitizer and Seal&Protect. After exposure to Seal&Protect and MicroPrime, HGF became retracted, rounded in appearance and had loss of normal organization, leading to enlargement of intercellular space when compared with Gluma Desensitizer. As a conclusion, taking the limitations of an in vitro experiment into consideration, the cytotoxic effects were varied, depending on the chemical composition and exposure periods of the tested desensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sengun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey.
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