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Primasari I, Hoeboer CM, Bakker A, Olff M. Adaptation and validation study of the Indonesian version of the Global Psychotrauma Screen in an undergraduate student population. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 132:152485. [PMID: 38653061 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high incidence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs) in Indonesia warrants early identification of those with probable trauma-related disorders in order to tailor prevention and intervention for trauma-related symptoms. OBJECTIVES This study aims to adapt and validate a novel brief transdiagnostic screener, the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), in Indonesian undergraduate students. METHODS An online survey was administered among Indonesian undergraduate students (N = 322). Exploratory factor analysis, reliability analyses, clinical validity analyses, and correlational analyses were performed to evaluate the construct validity, reliability, clinical validity, and convergent-divergent validity of the Indonesian GPS. Hierarchical multiple regression was conducted to assess the relationship between risk factors and trauma-related symptoms. The relationship between four categories of trauma-related symptom severity and social/work functioning was measured using Analysis of Covariance. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis yielded a single-factor solution. The Indonesian GPS demonstrated good internal consistency, test-retest correlation, and absolute agreement, indicating good reliability. The Indonesian GPS also had an acceptable area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity for a probable diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Complex-PTSD (CPTSD), depression, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We also established evidence for the convergent and divergent validity of GPS. The GPS risk factors (low psychological resilience, other stressful events, history of mental illness, and low social support) contributed to predicting trauma-related symptoms after controlling for gender, age, employment status, and faculty background. Additionally, in comparison to participants from the mild and low categories of GPS symptoms scores, participants from the severe and moderate category reported impaired lowered social/work functioning. CONCLUSION The current findings indicate that the Indonesian GPS is a valid and reliable transdiagnostic trauma screener for Indonesian undergraduate students. This first comprehensive validation of the GPS in Indonesia calls for more research in Lower-middle Income Countries (LMICs) as a way towards prevention and early intervention for trauma-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Primasari
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Chris M Hoeboer
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Bakker
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Trauma Care, OLVG, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, the Netherlands
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Agbaria Q, Abu-Mokh AJ. The use of religious and personal resources in coping with stress during COVID-19 for Palestinians. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35035185 PMCID: PMC8741564 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Palestinian community in Israel has experienced significant stressors historically, yet little research has assessed the strategies these individuals cope with stress. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to assess coping resources among Palestinian adults. The present study explored the religious and personal resources adopted by Palestinians living in Israel to cope with the stress caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, and whether differences in using these resources were attributed to selective demographic variables. The sample consisted of 985 Palestinian adults, 58% of whom are women and 42% are men. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 50 years old (M = 35.8, SD =14.48), and they were chosen using convenience sampling from the Palestinian community living in Israel. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to report on their personal resources for coping with stress. Palestinian adults who participated in this study tended to rely more on faith in God, optimism, social and family support, having the self-control and self-efficacy, as well as subjective well-being, as resources for coping caused by crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, there were significant differences on these coping resources that attributed to selective demographic variables. The findings were discussed with relation to previous studies.
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Hyseni Duraku Z, Uka F, Cërmjani D, Ramadani F, Bajgora S. An early assessment of presence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder and its associated risk factors in a cohort of survivors of the 2019 Albania earthquake. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stupar D, Stevanovic D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Doric A, Davidovic N, Avicenna M, Multazam IN, Nussbaum L, Thabet AA, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Monteiro AL, Ribas A, Jovanovic M, Joana O, Knez R. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among trauma-exposed adolescents from low- and middle-income countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:26. [PMID: 34090487 PMCID: PMC8180049 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders, but most frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of traumatic events experienced and the presence and predictors of PTSD symptoms among adolescents from the general population from ten low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Data were simultaneously collected from 3370 trauma-exposed adolescents (mean age = 15.41 [SD = 1.65] years, range 12-18; 1465 (43.5%) males and 1905 (56.5%) females) in Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, the Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Romania, and Serbia, with Portugal, a high-income country, as a reference point. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) was used for the assessment of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms. RESULTS The most frequently reported traumatic events were death of a close person (69.7%), witnessing violence other than domestic (40.5%), being in a natural disaster (34.4%) and witnessing violent death or serious injury of a close person (33.9%). In total, 28.5% adolescents endorsed two to three DSM-5 PTSD criteria symptoms. The rates of adolescents with symptoms from all four DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were 6.2-8.1% in Indonesia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, and 9.2-10.5% in Philippines, Croatia and Brazil. From Portugal, 10.7% adolescents fall into this category, while 13.2% and 15.3% for the Palestinian Territories and Nigeria, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that younger age, experiencing war, being forced to have sex, and greater severity of symptoms (persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significant predictors of fulfilling full PTSD criteria. CONCLUSIONS Nearly every third adolescent living in LMICs might have some PTSD symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event, while nearly one in ten might have sufficient symptoms for full DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The findings can inform the generation of PTSD burden estimates, allocation of health resources, and designing and implementing psychosocial interventions for PTSD in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Stupar
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Paulo Moreira
- Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
- CIPD, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Davidovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdul Aziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Gaza Branch, Al Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories, Israel
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborgs Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Goenjian AK, Steinberg AM, Walling D, Bishop S, Karayan I, Pynoos R. 25-year follow-up of treated and not-treated adolescents after the Spitak earthquake: course and predictors of PTSD and depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:976-988. [PMID: 31931901 PMCID: PMC8161430 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of long-term prospective disaster studies of the psychological sequelae among survivors. METHODS At 1½ and 25 years after the Spitak earthquake, 142 early adolescents from two cities were assessed: Gumri (moderate-severe exposure) and Spitak (very severe exposure). The Gumri group included treated and not-treated subjects, while the Spitak group included not-treated subjects. Instruments included: DSM-III-R PTSD-Reaction Index (PTSD-RI); DSM-5 PTSD-Checklist (PCL); Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS); and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS (1) Between 1½ and 25 years, PTSD rates and mean scores decreased significantly in the three groups (over 50%). However, at 25 years 9.1-22.4% met DSM-5 PTSD criteria. (2) At 1½ years, the Spitak group had higher PTSD-RI (p < 0.001) and DSRS scores (p < 0.001) compared to the Gumri-not-treated group. At 25 years, the Spitak group that had experienced fewer post-earthquake adversities (p < 0.03), had a greater decrease in PTSD-RI scores (p < 0.02), and lower CES-D scores (p < 0.01). (3) Before treatment, PTSD-RI and DSRS scores did not differ between the Gumri-treated and not-treated groups. At 25-years, the Gumri-treated group showed a greater decrease in PTSD-RI scores (p < 0.03), and lower mean PTSD-RI (p < 0.02), PCL (p < 0.02), and CES-D (p < 0.01) scores. (4) Predictors of PTSD symptom severity at 25-years included: home destruction, treatment, social support, post-earthquake adversities, and chronic medical illnesses. CONCLUSION Post-disaster PTSD and depressive symptoms can persist for decades. Trauma-focused treatment, alleviation of post-disaster adversities, improving the social ecology, and monitoring for chronic medical illnesses are essential components of recovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen K. Goenjian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Collaborative Neuroscience Network, Garden Grove, CA, USA
- Psychiatric Outreach Program, Armenian Relief Society, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Alan M. Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Walling
- Collaborative Neuroscience Network, Garden Grove, CA, USA
| | - Sheryl Bishop
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Ida Karayan
- Psychiatric Outreach Program, Armenian Relief Society, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - Robert Pynoos
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA/Duke University National Center for Child Traumatic Stress, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kao CY, Bradshaw T, Mazarakis T. Gender differences in the association between social support and caregiver alcohol use in posttraumatic stress disorder of east Taiwan adolescents. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:188-194. [PMID: 33912418 PMCID: PMC8059466 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_123_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates traumatic experiences in a sample of high-risk Taiwanese adolescents in rural areas of Taiwan; correlation with psychosocial factors is assessed with focus on social support and caregiver alcohol use. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using stratified cluster sampling. Structured questionnaires were used to collect demographic characteristics, social support (Taiwan Relationship Inventory for Children and Adolescents), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (Chinese version of UCLA-PTSD Reaction Index) from a sample of 751 adolescents (54.6% females) with 61.2% response rate in high schools in Hualien County, Taiwan. Results: Girls with trauma experiences manifested significantly higher PTSD scores, concurrent with higher number of traumatic events (TE), while the likelihood of reporting trauma and subsequent PTSD symptoms was similar in both genders. Increased risk of reported trauma and PTSD in adolescent Taiwanese is strongly associated with caregiver alcohol use and lack of social support, particularly in girls. Conclusion: We found that girls reported higher numbers of TE which was concurrent with significantly higher PTSD scores. Early detection of alcohol use disorders among caregivers as well as assessment of quality of family interaction would benefit at risk adolescents through specifically tailored interventions to address these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Kao
- Department of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tyler Bradshaw
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Theodoris Mazarakis
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Pereira J, Vagos P, Fonseca A, Moreira H, Canavarro MC, Rijo D. The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale: Dimensionality and Measurement Invariance in a Sample of Children and Adolescents Exposed to Wildfires. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:35-45. [PMID: 33245801 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Natural disasters are potentially traumatic events due to their disruptive nature and high impact on social and physical environments, particularly for children and adolescents. The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-13) in a sample of Portuguese children and adolescents exposed to a specific type of natural disaster (i.e., wildfire). The sample was recruited at six school units of the Central region of Portugal following wildfires in the summer of 2017 and included children and adolescents without a clinical diagnosis of a psychopathological condition associated with exposure to the traumatic event (i.e., nonclinical sample, n = 486) and those with a clinical diagnosis of a trauma- and/or stress-related disorder (i.e., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], adjustment disorder, separation anxiety disorder, or grief; clinical sample, n = 54). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a two-factor model (i.e., Intrusion/Arousal and Avoidance) provided a better fit than a three-factor model (i.e., Intrusion, Arousal, and Avoidance) and was found to be invariant across gender and age groups. The CRIES-13 showed good reliability for all subscales, with Cronbach's αs > .79. Higher CRIES-13 scores were associated with poorer health and well-being and more internalizing and externalizing problems. The clinical sample presented with significantly higher CRIES-13 scores than the nonclinical sample, ηp 2 = .13. These results contribute to the cross-cultural validation of the CRIES-13 and support its use as a reliable and valid measure for assessing posttraumatic symptoms in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Pereira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Vagos
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal.,Portucalense Institute for Human Development (INPP), Portucalense University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Helena Moreira
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Canavarro
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniel Rijo
- University of Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
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Lépine A, Restuccio M, Strobl E. Can we mitigate the effect of natural disasters on child health? Evidence from the Indian Ocean tsunami in Indonesia. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:432-452. [PMID: 33253426 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was an international natural disaster unlike any seen before, killing 166,561 people in Aceh province, Indonesia. It prompted an unprecedented humanitarian response and was a catalyst in ending almost 30 years of civil conflict in Aceh. Since the tsunami was followed by a multitude of events, we first conduct a systematic review to identify those events in Indonesia. We then use a synthetic control method to estimate the combination of those effects on child mortality indicators in Aceh for the 13 years that followed the disaster using data from 258,918 children born between 1990 and 2017. The results show a significant increase in under-5 mortality only the year after the tsunami and no effect in the medium term. However, younger and older children were affected differently in the medium term. In fact, we show a decrease in child mortality among children aged 1-4 years. In contrast, we observe an increase in mortality among children under-1 in 2009 and 2010. Overall, the resilience of Aceh province points to the importance of coordinated international disaster responses after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Lépine
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eric Strobl
- Department of Economics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Laksmita OD, Chung MH, Liao YM, Haase JE, Chang PC. Predictors of resilience among adolescent disaster survivors: A path analysis. J Adv Nurs 2020. [PMID: 32301129 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate a theoretical model of risk and protective factors to predict resilience among adolescent disaster survivors. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS Parent's consent and student's informed consent forms were distributed at seven schools in a postdisaster setting (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) between July-October 2017; those who agreed to participate had to complete the self-reported questionnaires. Demographic data were evaluated using descriptive statistical analyses and relationships among study variables were determined using a path analysis. RESULTS Results of the model test analysis indicated that six of the seven the hypothesized paths were supported by data from our samples and demonstrated significance on the path coefficients (p < .01). One path coefficient on the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and resilience was found to be insignificant (β = -0.002, p > .05). However, overall, our hypothesized model was retained, indicating empirical support and adequate model's fit indices for the theoretical model. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings demonstrated the predictive roles of risk and protective factors in adolescent disaster survivors' resilience. IMPACT Resilience is known to be an important concept in recovering from long-term impacts following a disaster in adolescent populations, but its risk and protective factors have not been adequately explored. We found that PTSD symptoms influenced how adolescent disaster survivors developed defensive coping, social support had an indirect effect on resilience through courageous coping and defensive coping acted as a mediator between PTSD symptoms and courageous coping. These findings can help mental health professionals (i.e., community mental health nurses) promote intervention strategies to enhance resilience through improving coping skills in adolescent populations exposed to a disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okki D Laksmita
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Mei Liao
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joan E Haase
- Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Laksmita OD, Chung MH, Liao YM, Chang PC. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in Indonesian adolescent disaster survivors: A psychometric evaluation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229958. [PMID: 32168332 PMCID: PMC7069614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support plays an important role in adolescents' mental health and well-being, and even more so for disaster survivors. To measure the level of social support, one needs an appropriate tool to produce valid and reliable results; therefore, we aimed to measure the invariance across gender groups, and analyze the construct validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), a social support measurement tool which was theoretically constructed and has been well validated in many countries with various cultures and backgrounds. METHODS A school-based assessment was conducted in junior and senior high schools in a post-disaster setting in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. We analyzed 299 adolescent survivors of a volcanic eruption, aged 12~18 years who completed a 12-item Indonesian version of the MSPSS. RESULTS The factorial validity confirmed the three-factor structure of the scale (Family, Friends, and Significant Others) which met all of the criteria of parameter indices and provided evidence of high internal consistency reliability. The three-level measurement of invariance, which consisted of configural, metric, and scalar invariance, also performed very well across gender groups with our data and corresponded to the recommended parameters. Our composite reliability values were all fine (>0.7) and indicated that the items in the same construct were strongly correlated and reliable. CONCLUSIONS The Indonesian version of the MSPSS was shown to be a valid, reliable, theoretically constructed, and applicable instrument for adolescent disaster survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okki Dhona Laksmita
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Huey Chung
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Mei Liao
- Institute of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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School-based psychoeducation and storytelling: Associations with long-term mental health in adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e65. [PMID: 31640825 PMCID: PMC8061163 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We explored the factors promoting long-term mental health among adolescent survivors of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We examined the associations of their long-term mental health with disaster-related storytelling and school-based psychoeducation, and of school-based psychoeducation with disaster-related storytelling. METHODS A secondary school-based cross-sectional survey was conducted 6 years after the disaster. Participants with traumatic experiences such as injury, loss, witnessing someone's death/injury and home destruction (N = 1028, mean age 15, standard deviation 1.38, male 51%) were eligible. Mental health/disaster education (MHE/DE) was defined as taking one or more lessons in MHE and/or DE at school since the earthquake. Experiences of storytelling about the disaster involved expressing distressing memories and feelings regarding the earthquake since the disaster happened, according to four groups: never expressed distressing memories and feelings, expressed them through writing/drawing, expressed them through talking to lay supporters and expressed them through talking to health professionals. Analysis of covariance was used to compare mean scores on five selected subscales of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and the Psychotic-Like Experiences (PLEs) scale among the four storytelling groups. Linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships between MHE/DE and current mental health as measured by the SCL-90, AIS and PLEs. The relationship between education and storytelling was probed by χ2 test. RESULTS The talked-to-lay-supporters group showed better mental health on the SCL-90 (p ⩽ 0.001), AIS (p < 0.001) and PLEs (p = 0.004), while the consulted-health-professionals group showed worse mental health on the three dimensions of the SCL-90: depression (p = 0.05), anxiety (p = 0.02) and fear (p = 0.04), and on PLEs (p = 0.02) compared with the never-expressed group. MHE and DE were inversely associated with SCL-90, AIS and PLE scores. Participants who received these forms of education talked about their disaster experiences to lay supporters more than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS MHE and DE at school may promote adolescents' mental health after a disaster. Experience of storytelling about the disaster to lay supporters may be helpful for long-term psychological recovery, and may be a potential mediating factor for school-based education and better mental health. Because of the cross-sectional nature of this study, causality cannot be inferred; therefore, further prospective intervention studies are needed to elucidate the effect of these factors on adolescent survivors' mental health.
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Tanaka E, Tennichi H, Kameoka S, Kato H. Long-term psychological recovery process and its associated factors among survivors of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030250. [PMID: 31434779 PMCID: PMC6707693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had an enormous negative impact on survivors' health. Many survivors experienced psychological distress and their long-term psychological recovery process remains unclear. Our objective was thus to explore this long-term psychological recovery process. DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING From January to December 2015, face-to-face interviews were conducted in Kobe, Japan. PARTICIPANTS 20 affected survivors (55% female; ages ranged from 7 to 60 at the time of the disaster)-10 volunteer storytellers, six first responders (firefighters/public health nurses) and four post-traumatic stress disorder patients. OUTCOME MEASURES We asked participants about their experiences and psychological distress relating to the earthquake and what facilitated or hindered their psychological recovery. We analysed interview data using constructivist grounded theory. RESULTS Participants experienced diverse emotional reactions immediately after the disaster and often hyperfocused on what they should do now. This hyperfocused state led to both mental and physical health problems several months after the disaster. Months, and sometimes years, after the disaster, guilt and earthquake narratives (ie, expressing thoughts and feelings about the earthquake) played key roles in survivors' psychological recovery: guilt suppressed their earthquake narrative; conversely, the narrative alleviated feelings of distress about the earthquake. In time, participants reconsidered their earthquake experiences both alone and through social interaction. This alleviated their emotional reactions; however, participants still experienced attenuated emotional reactions, and some hid their feelings of distress even 20 years postdisaster. Interpersonal relationships modified this psychological process both positively and negatively. CONCLUSIONS Future psychosocial support plans for disaster survivors may need to (1) include both mental and physical care in the transition from the acute phase to the recovery phase; (2) facilitate supportive interpersonal relationships for survivors during the mid-term recovery phase and (3) provide long-term psychological support to the most traumatised survivors, even if they appear to be functioning normally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eizaburo Tanaka
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Honami Tennichi
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satomi Kameoka
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kato
- Research Department, Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
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Lee MS, Bhang SY. Assessment Tools for the Mental Health of School-Aged Children and Adolescents Exposed to Disaster: A Systematic Review (1988-2015). Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2018; 29:88-100. [PMID: 32595301 PMCID: PMC7289459 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.180002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating psychosocial factors affecting children exposed to disasters. Methods In total, 140 studies were retrieved. The studies were published from 1988 to 2015. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched. Each database was searched using the following terms: 'Child,' 'Adolescent,' 'Youth,' 'Disaster,' 'Posttraumatic,' 'Psychosocial,' 'Assessment,' 'Evaluation,' and 'Screening.' The identified studies were subjected to data extraction and appraisal. Results The database search identified 713 articles. Based on the titles and abstracts, the full texts of 118 articles were obtained. The findings of this review can be used as a basis for the design of a psychosocial evaluation tool for disaster preparedness. Conclusion Given the paramount importance of post-disaster evaluation and the weaknesses of current disaster evaluation tools, the need to develop valid and reliable tools and psychometric evaluations cannot be overstated. Our findings provide current evidence supporting various assessments in children, who are very vulnerable psychologically following disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Bhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Suicidality, posttraumatic stress, and depressive reactions after earthquake and maltreatment: A cross-sectional survey of a random sample of 6132 chinese children and adolescents. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:363-369. [PMID: 29510354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surviving an earthquake can greatly increase the risk of suicidality among children and adolescents, especially if they experience physical and emotional neglect or abuse within the family after the earthquake. How various types of childhood adversity affect the vulnerability of adolescents to suicidality after exposure to a natural disaster is not well understood. This study examined the relationships among different types of earthquake exposure, childhood trauma, psychopathology and suicidality. METHODS Suicidality, the level of earthquake exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and maltreatment, including physical and emotional abuse and neglect, were assessed in 6132 child and adolescent survivors randomly selected from three primary schools, five junior high schools, two senior high schools and one six-year high school in Baoxing, Lushan and Tianquan counties, which were the areas most severely affected by the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. RESULTS The Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) scores were high, with 27.8% of the participants scoring at or above the cut-off score of 7. Multivariate regression showed that emotional abuse and depression experienced after the earthquake contributed to the suicide risk, whereas emotional neglect and PTSD made somewhat smaller contributions. The mediation analysis suggested that PTSD and depression symptoms partially mediated the association of suicidality with emotional neglect or abuse. The PTSD, depression and suicidality scores were generally higher for females than for males, whereas the depression and suicidality scores were higher for older than younger respondents. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the need for the implementation of school-based, adolescent-centered suicide prevention programs in the long-term aftermath of exposure to traumatic events. Interventions may also need to be tailored to gender and developmental stage. Suicidality is independently associated with emotional abuse, neglect, depression and PTSD symptoms in this disaster-exposed young population. Longitudinal studies should explore whether depression and PTSD symptoms mediate the relationship between past emotional abuse or neglect and the current suicide risk.
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Marthoenis, Meutia I, Sofyan H, Schouler-Ocak M. Exposure to Traumatic Events and PTSD in a Postconflict and Disaster-Prone Area. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2018.1423867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marthoenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Nursing, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Inong Meutia
- Master Program of Disaster Management, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Hizir Sofyan
- Department of Statistics, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- University Psychiatric Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig’s Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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The Effect of Natural Disaster Experiences and Children’s Negative Affectivity on Children’s Responses toward Natural Disasters: Focusing on Experiences of the Gyeongju Earthquake. ADONGHAKOEJI 2017. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2017.38.6.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Quan L, Zhen R, Yao B, Zhou X, Yu D. The Role of Perceived Severity of Disaster, Rumination, and Trait Resilience in the Relationship Between Rainstorm-related Experiences and PTSD Amongst Chinese Adolescents Following Rainstorm Disasters. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2017; 31:507-515. [PMID: 28927516 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of perceived severity of trauma and rumination in the relationship between traumatic experiences and PTSD, and assessed the moderated role of resilience in this mediating process. Nine hundred and fifty-one adolescents were selected to complete a self-report questionnaire involving rainstorm-related experiences, perceived severity of trauma, rumination, resilience, and PTSD. The results found that rainstorm-related experiences had a positive effect on PTSD by perceived severity of disaster, or by rumination via perceived severity of disaster. Resilience buffered the relationship between rainstorm-related experiences and PTSD, but did not buffer the relation of rainstorm-related experiences to perceived severity of disaster and rumination. These findings indicated that rainstorm-related experiences may have an indirect effect on PTSD via cognitive activities, and these indirect paths were not buffered by resilience. A buffering effect only occurred in the direct paths from rainstorm-related experiences to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, Khan MA, Ovais M, Sohail Z, Shoaib S, Tohid H, Hassan M. Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2017; 39:135-143. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objectives Earthquakes are unpredictable and devastating natural disasters. They can cause massive destruction and loss of life and survivors may suffer psychological symptoms of severe intensity. Our goal in this article is to review studies published in the last 20 years to compile what is known about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurring after earthquakes. The review also describes other psychiatric complications that can be associated with earthquakes, to provide readers with better overall understanding, and discusses several sociodemographic factors that can be associated with post-earthquake PTSD Method A search for literature was conducted on major databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO and in neurology and psychiatry journals, and many other medical journals. Terms used for electronic searches included, but were not limited to, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, earthquake, and natural disaster. The relevant information was then utilized to determine the relationships between earthquakes and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Results It was found that PTSD is the most commonly occurring mental health condition among earthquake survivors. Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, social phobia, and specific phobias were also listed. Conclusion The PTSD prevalence rate varied widely. It was dependent on multiple risk factors in target populations and also on the interval of time that had elapsed between the exposure to the deadly incident and measurement. Females seemed to be the most widely-affected group, while elderly people and young children exhibit considerable psychosocial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Samra Shoaib
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA
| | - Hassaan Tohid
- California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, USA; University of California, USA
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Isaranuwatchai W, Coyte PC, McKenzie K, Noh S. The 2004 tsunami and mental health in Thailand: a longitudinal analysis of one-and two-year post-disaster data. DISASTERS 2017; 41:150-170. [PMID: 26987346 DOI: 10.1111/disa.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Some 280,000 people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami on 26 December 2004. This cohort study examined its impact on mental health one and two years later. It did so by investigating the association between six consequent variables (personal injury, loss of home, loss of business, death of a family member, injury to a family member, or loss of a family member's business) and mental health, as measured by the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), among residents in four provinces of Thailand. One year later, participants who suffered a personal injury, the loss of a business, or the loss of a family member reported poorer mental health than those who were unaffected. Two years later, participants who experienced the loss of a family member reported poorer mental health than those who were unaffected. This research shows that such a disaster may have long-lasting ramifications for mental health, and that diverse losses may influence mental health differently.
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Tanaka E, Tsutsumi A, Kawakami N, Kameoka S, Kato H, You Y. Long-term psychological consequences among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A cross-sectional survey six years after the disaster. J Affect Disord 2016; 204:255-61. [PMID: 27544312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most epidemiological studies on adolescent survivors' mental health have been conducted within 2 years after the disaster. Longer-term psychological consequences remain unclear. This study explored psychological symptoms in secondary school students who were living in Sichuan province 6 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. METHODS A secondary data analysis was performed on data from a final survey of survivors conducted 6 years after the Wenchuan earthquake as part of the five-year mental health and psychosocial support project. A total of 2641 participants were divided into three groups, according to the level of traumatic experience exposure during the earthquake (0, 1, and 2 or more). ANCOVA was used to compare the mean scores of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) among the three groups, adjusting for covariates such as age, gender, ethnicity, having a sibling, parents' divorce, and socio-economic status. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify relationships between the traumatic experiences and suicidality after the disaster. RESULTS Having two or more kinds of traumatic experiences was associated with higher psychological symptom scores on the SCL-90 (Cohen's d=0.23-0.33) and suicidal ideation (OR 1.98, 95% CIs:1.35-2.89) and attempts (OR 3.32, 95% CIs:1.65-6.68), as compared with having no traumatic experience. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred from this cross-sectional survey, and results may not generalize to other populations due to convenience sampling. CONCLUSIONS Severely traumatized adolescent survivors of the earthquake may suffer from psychological symptoms even 6 years after the disaster. Long-term psychological support will be needed for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsuro Tsutsumi
- Organization for Global Affairs, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norito Kawakami
- Department of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kato
- Hyogo Institute for Traumatic Stress, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yongheng You
- Institute of Teacher Education and Psychology, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Yagi J, Fujiwara T, Yambe T, Okuyama M, Kawachi I, Sakai A. Does social capital reduce child behavior problems? Results from the Great East Japan Earthquake follow-up for Children Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; 51:1117-23. [PMID: 27168182 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to investigate the association between social capital and child behavior problems in Iwate prefecture, Japan, in the aftermath of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. METHODS Children and their caregivers were recruited from four nursery schools in coastal areas affected by the tsunami, as well as one in an unaffected inland area (N = 94). We assessed the following via caregiver questionnaire: perceptions of social capital in the community, child behavior problems (Child Behavior Checklist, Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, child's exposure to trauma (e.g. loss of family members), and caregiver's mental health (Impact of Event Scale-R for PTSD symptoms; K6 for general mental health). We collected details on trauma exposure by interviewing child participants. Structural equation modeling was used to assess whether the association between social capital and child behavior problems was mediated by caregiver's mental health status. RESULTS Children of caregivers who perceived higher community social capital (trust and mutual aid) showed fewer PTSD symptoms. Furthermore, caregiver's mental health mediated the association between social trust and child PTSD symptoms. Social capital had no direct impact on child behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS Community social capital was indirectly associated (via caregiver mental health status) with child behavior problems following exposure to disaster. Community development to boost social capital among caregivers may help to prevent child behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takehito Yambe
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makiko Okuyama
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Akio Sakai
- Department of Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Marthoenis M, Yessi S, Aichberger MC, Schouler-Ocak M. Mental health in Aceh--Indonesia: A decade after the devastating tsunami 2004. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 19:59-65. [PMID: 26957340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The province of Aceh has suffered enormously from the perennial armed conflict and the devastating Tsunami in 2004. Despite the waves of external aid and national concern geared toward improving healthcare services as part of the reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts after the Tsunami, mental health services still require much attention. This paper aims to understand the mental healthcare system in Aceh Province, Indonesia; its main focus is on the burden, on the healthcare system, its development, service delivery and cultural issues from the devastating Tsunami in 2004 until the present. We reviewed those published and unpublished reports from the local and national government, from international instances (UN bodies, NGOs) and from the academic literature pertaining to mental health related programs conducted in Aceh. To some extent, mental health services in Aceh have been improved compared to their condition before the Tsunami. The development programs have focused on procurement of policy, improvement of human resources, and enhancing service delivery. Culture and religious beliefs shape the pathways by which people seek mental health treatment. The political system also determines the development of the mental health service in the province. The case of Aceh is a unique example where conflict and disaster serve as the catalysts toward the development of a mental healthcare system. Several factors contribute to the improvement of the mental health system, but security is a must. Whilst the Acehnese enjoy the improvements, some issues such as stigma, access to care and political fluctuations remain challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarifah Yessi
- Aceh Provincial Health Office, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Marion C Aichberger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Clinic, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meryam Schouler-Ocak
- University Psychiatric Clinic of Charité at St. Hedwig's Hospital Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Rising global temperature is causing major physical, chemical, and ecological changes across the planet. There is wide consensus among scientific organizations and climatologists that these broad effects, known as climate change, are the result of contemporary human activity. Climate change poses threats to human health, safety, and security. Children are uniquely vulnerable to these threats. The effects of climate change on child health include physical and psychological sequelae of weather disasters, increased heat stress, decreased air quality, altered disease patterns of some climate-sensitive infections, and food, water, and nutrient insecurity in vulnerable regions. Prompt implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies will protect children against worsening of the problem and its associated health effects. This technical report reviews the nature of climate change and its associated child health effects and supports the recommendations in the accompanying policy statement on climate change and children's health.
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Kuwabara H, Araki T, Yamasaki S, Ando S, Kano Y, Kasai K. Regional differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms among children after the 2011 tsunami in Higashi-Matsushima, Japan. Brain Dev 2015; 37:130-6. [PMID: 24581732 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On 11 March 2011, a massive undersea earthquake, measuring 9.0 on the Richter scale, caused a tsunami that devastated the shoreline of east Japan. It is estimated that over 20,000 people lost their lives as a result. It is recommended that clinical effort after a tsunami disaster concentrate on a high-impact area rather than cover a large area. However, regional differences in post-traumatic stress symptoms among children after a tsunami disaster are not well clarified. METHODS This study evaluated post-traumatic stress symptoms and reported the findings of early-phase screening of 2259 students from Higashi-Matsushima City, Japan, 6 weeks after a tsunami hit the city. The sample was divided into two age groups: elementary school students (n=1102) and junior high school students (n=1157). Of these groups, 289 (26.2%) elementary school students and 123 (10.6%) junior high school students attended the four schools that were located in the area struck by the tsunami; the mortality rate of the area exceeded 4%. We referred to these students as the "high-impact group." The "lower-impact group" consisted of 813 (73.8%) elementary school students and 1034 (89.4%) junior high school students who attended the remaining ten schools. RESULTS The severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms did not significantly differ between areas with relatively high and low impact. However, among the junior high school students, those attending the school in the highly impacted area showed higher post-traumatic symptoms scores than did the students of the less-impacted area. CONCLUSION When planning a mass intervention after a disaster, especially in the early phase when the resources for intervention are not sufficient, it might be useful to consider the degree of age-dependent impact effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Youth Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Project for Mental Health Promotion, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kano
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Miragoli S, Procaccia R, Di Blasio P. Language Use and PTSD Symptoms: Content Analyses of Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2014.970423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Fujiwara T, Yagi J, Homma H, Mashiko H, Nagao K, Okuyama M. Clinically significant behavior problems among young children 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109342. [PMID: 25333762 PMCID: PMC4204852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background On March 11, 2011, a massive undersea earthquake and tsunami struck East Japan. Few studies have investigated the impact of exposure to a natural disaster on preschool children. We investigated the association of trauma experiences during the Great East Japan Earthquake on clinically significant behavior problems among preschool children 2 years after the earthquake. Method Participants were children who were exposed to the 2011 disaster at preschool age (affected area, n = 178; unaffected area, n = 82). Data were collected from September 2012 to June 2013 (around 2 years after the earthquake), thus participants were aged 5 to 8 years when assessed. Severe trauma exposures related to the earthquake (e.g., loss of family members) were assessed by interview, and trauma events in the physical environment related to the earthquake (e.g. housing damage), and other trauma exposure before the earthquake, were assessed by questionnaire. Behavior problems were assessed by caregivers using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), which encompasses internalizing, externalizing, and total problems. Children who exceeded clinical cut-off of the CBCL were defined as having clinically significant behavior problems. Results Rates of internalizing, externalizing, and total problems in the affected area were 27.7%, 21.2%, and 25.9%, respectively. The rate ratio suggests that children who lost distant relatives or friends were 2.36 times more likely to have internalizing behavior problems (47.6% vs. 20.2%, 95% CI: 1.10–5.07). Other trauma experiences before the earthquake also showed significant positive association with internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems, which were not observed in the unaffected area. Conclusions One in four children still had behavior problems even 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Children who had other trauma experiences before the earthquake were more likely to have behavior problems. These data will be useful for developing future interventions in child mental health after a natural disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Yagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Homma
- Miyagi Prefectural Comprehensive Children's Center, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Mashiko
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Makiko Okuyama
- Department of Psychosocial Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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Umlauf MG, Bolland AC, Bolland KA, Tomek S, Bolland JM. The Effects of Age, Gender, Hopelessness, and Exposure to Violence on Sleep Disorder Symptoms and Daytime Sleepiness Among Adolescents in Impoverished Neighborhoods. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:518-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cheng Y, Wang F, Wen J, Shi Y. Risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after Wenchuan earthquake: a case control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96644. [PMID: 24800944 PMCID: PMC4011846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few clues were found in the literature about the independent risk factors for PTSD among earthquake survivors in Sichuan province three years after the 2008 earthquake. Ours was the first case-control study with matching factors of age and distance from the epicenter among survivors age 16 years or older, three years after the catastrophe. Objectives To identify independent risk factors for PTSD among earthquake survivors. Methods We performed a population-based matched case-control study. The cases were drawn from earthquake areas three years after the Wenchuan earthquake, including 113 cases who met positive criteria for PTSD symptoms according to the PCL-C (PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version) score and 452 controls who did not meet the criteria. Cases and controls were matched individually by birth year (+ three years) and the town they lived in when the earthquake occurred. Results Independent risk factors for PTSD symptoms included two-week disease prevalence (odds ratio [OR],1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.18–3.13), witnessing someone being killed in the earthquake (OR, 2.04;95%CI, 1.17–3.58), having no regular income after the earthquake (OR, 0.52; 95%CI, 0.28–0.98), receiving mental health support only one time after the earthquake (OR, 2.43; 95%CI, 1.09–5.42) and lower social support (lower PSSS score) (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.93–0.97). Conclusion Earthquake experience, suffering from physical illnesses, lack of stable income, and lower social support were associated with PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Hospital Management and Health Policy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China; Department of Operation Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shuangliu Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Shuangliu, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Hospital Management and Health Policy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Yingkang Shi
- Department of Hospital Management and Health Policy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Contractor AA, Mehta P, Tiamiyu MF, Hovey JD, Geers AL, Charak R, Tamburrino MB, Elhai JD. Relations Between PTSD and Distress Dimensions in an Indian Child/Adolescent Sample Following the 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attacks. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:925-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Do gender and age moderate the symptom structure of PTSD? Findings from a national clinical sample of children and adolescents. Psychiatry Res 2013; 210:1056-64. [PMID: 24103907 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence documents that the frequency and intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are linked to such demographic variables as female sex (e.g., Kaplow et al., 2005) and age (e.g., Meiser-Stedman et al., 2008). Considerably less is known about relations between biological sex and age with PTSD's latent factor structure. This study systematically examined the roles that sex and age may play as candidate moderators of the full range of factor structure parameters of an empirically supported five-factor PTSD model (Elhai et al., 2011). The sample included 6591 trauma-exposed children and adolescents selected from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's Core Data Set. Confirmatory factor analysis using invariance testing (Gregorich, 2006) and comparative fit index difference values (Cheung and Rensvold, 2002) reflected a mixed pattern of test item intercepts across age groups. The adolescent subsample produced lower residual error variances, reflecting less measurement error than the child subsample. Sex did not show a robust moderating effect. We conclude by discussing implications for clinical assessment, theory building, and future research.
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Wang CW, Chan CLW, Ho RTH. Prevalence and trajectory of psychopathology among child and adolescent survivors of disasters: a systematic review of epidemiological studies across 1987-2011. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1697-720. [PMID: 23824234 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of this paper was to systematically review evidence on (1) the potential magnitude of the psychopathological impacts of community-wide disasters on child and adolescent survivors, and (2) the long-term course or trajectory of disaster-induced psychopathology among children and adolescents. METHODS The PubMed/MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched from their respective inception through December 2011. All of the resulting epidemiological studies of child and adolescent survivors following community-wide disasters were examined. RESULTS Sixty cross-sectional studies and 25 longitudinal or long-term follow-up studies were identified. The estimated rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among child and adolescent survivors varied greatly across the included studies, ranging from 1.0 to 95 % and 1.6 to 81 %, respectively, while the reported rates of diagnosable PTSD according to the DSM-IV criteria and diagnosable depression ranged from 1.0 to 60 % and 1.6 to 33 %, respectively. The long-term courses of psychopathology among youthful survivors were summarized. Methodological issues with those studies were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The empirical findings summarized in this review highlight the importance of psychosocial intervention at early postdisaster stages for child and adolescent survivors. The methodological flaws revealed by this review indicate the need for continued attempts to better understand the epidemiology and trajectory of psychopathological problems among youthful survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Wen Wang
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong,
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32
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La Greca AM, Lai BS, Llabre MM, Silverman WK, Vernberg EM, Prinstein MJ. Children's Postdisaster Trajectories of PTS Symptoms: Predicting Chronic Distress. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2013; 42:351-369. [PMID: 24683300 DOI: 10.1007/s10566-013-9206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no studies of the distinct trajectories of children's psychological distress over the first year after a destructive natural disaster and the determinants of these trajectories. OBJECTIVE We examined these issues using an existing dataset of children exposed to Hurricane Andrew, one of the most devastating natural disasters in US history. METHODS At 3-months postdisaster, 568 children (55 % girls; grades 3-5) residing in areas most directly affected by the hurricane completed measures of hurricane exposure and stressors, social support, coping, and general anxiety. Children also reported major life events occurring since the hurricane (at 7-months) and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms at 3-, 7-, and 10-months postdisaster. RESULTS Latent growth mixture modeling identified three trajectories of PTS reactions: resilient (37 %), recovering (43 %), and chronic distress (20 %). Predictors of the trajectories were examined. Odds ratios indicated that, compared to the resilient trajectory, girls were more likely to be in the recovering and chronically distressed trajectories, as were children reporting higher anxiety and greater use of coping strategies that reflected poor emotion regulation. Compared to the recovering trajectory, children in the chronically distressed trajectory had greater odds of reporting high anxiety, less social support, more intervening life events, and greater use of poor emotion regulation strategies. CONCLUSIONS Hurricane exposure may be less effective in identifying children who develop chronic postdisaster distress than other child (anxiety, coping) and contextual variables (social support, life events). Effective screening after disasters is critical for identifying youth most in need of limited clinical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betty S Lai
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Maria M Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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Jones SL, Schmidt CK. Psychosocial effects of disaster in children and adolescents: significance and management. Nurs Clin North Am 2013; 48:229-39. [PMID: 23659810 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a synthesis of the literature addressing the psychological and social effects on children and adolescents after disasters, and the factors that contribute to protecting this population from experiencing related symptoms. Clinical implications are presented for health care providers to reduce the possibility of long-term psychopathologies based on the National Commission on Children and Disasters 2010 Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Jones
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Kar N, Krishnaraaj R, Rameshraj K. Long-term mental health outcomes following the 2004 Asian tsunami disaster: A comparative study on direct and indirect exposure. DISASTER HEALTH 2013; 2:35-45. [PMID: 28228999 PMCID: PMC5314937 DOI: 10.4161/dish.24705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There is inadequate information on the long-term mental health outcomes among disaster victims in low and middle income countries. It is especially so for the vast majority of victims who are indirectly exposed to disasters. To address this gap in knowledge we examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity, particularly anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the 2004 Asian tsunami victims in India, 4.5 y after the disaster. It was also intended to compare the mental health outcomes of the victims with direct exposure to tsunami waters and those who were indirectly exposed to tsunami disaster (people living near the sea who escaped tsunami waters but witnessed the disaster and suffered various losses). In a cross-sectional epidemiological study, 666 randomly selected victims in South India were assessed for psychiatric morbidity through the Self-Reporting questionnaire (SRQ), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Scale for PTSD (SRS-PTSD) and suicidality screening. The disaster experience, quality of life and socio-demographic profile were also assessed. Psychiatric morbidity based on SRQ was 77.6% and estimated prevalence of anxiety symptoms (23.1%), depression (33.6%), PTSD (70.9%) and comorbidity (44.7%) suggested nature and extent of the psychiatric morbidity in the tsunami victims. The direct exposure group had a significantly greater proportion of psychiatric morbidity based on SRQ, anxiety symptoms and suicide attempts. Factors which predicted psychiatric morbidity were: lack of formal education, perception of disaster as highly stressful, damage to home and loss of livelihood and livestock. In conclusion, a large proportion of Asian tsunami victims were observed to have continuing mental health problems 4.5 y after the disaster, which highlighted the need for psychiatric services for the affected communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamadhab Kar
- Black Country Partnership NHS Foundation Trust; Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
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Fu Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Tang X, He J, Jiao M, Yu C, You G, Li J. Analysis of prevalence of PTSD and its influencing factors among college students after the Wenchuan earthquake. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2013; 7:1. [PMID: 23331706 PMCID: PMC3562208 DOI: 10.1186/1753-2000-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the prevalence and severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in college students who lived in earthquake center one year after the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the factors affecting the prevalence of PTSD was also investigated. METHODS 2987 students studying at the senior normal school in Tibetan autonomous region which was one of the most devastated regions were selected for this study. The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was used as a screening instrument. RESULTS A total of 420 cases (14.1%) were diagnosed with PTSD, among which mild, moderate, severe and extreme symptoms were reported in 122, 185, 106 and 7 cases, respectively. The PTSD prevalence in college students lived in the severely affected area was significantly higher than that in the less severe area (P < 0.001). According to the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the students who were injured in the earthquake, those lost their first degree relative, and those confronted with dead bodies were more likely to express PTSD. Male students were more prone than female students to develop PTSD. However, the students who received psychological tutorship were less prone to express PTSD. CONCLUSIONS At one year after the earthquake, the PTSD rate in college students in the severely affected area was high. The social support, psychological help and rehabilitation project should be strengthened to improve their ability to cope with the trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongshun Chen
- Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | | | - Jieyun He
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miaorui Jiao
- Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Henan Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Yu
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guiying You
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junying Li
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Cancer Center, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Kowalski JT, Kreußel C, Gerber WD, Niederberger U, Petermann F. Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie durch Jugendliche mit und ohne eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Obwohl die Forschung zum Thema Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich intensiviert wurde, liegen bisher kaum Befunde zum Inanspruchnahmeverhalten professioneller Hilfe nach Traumatisierung vor. Trotz deutlich verbesserter psychotherapeutischer Möglichkeiten bleibt aber offenbar ein großer Teil der Betroffenen über Jahre unbehandelt. Anhand einer Stichprobe von 104 Jugendlichen (Patienten und Gesunde) wird untersucht, welche Faktoren sich auf das Inanspruchnahmeverhalten auswirken. Neben den Faktoren des Modells zum Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von Andersen werden auch psychologische Faktoren wie Angst vor Stigmatisierung berücksichtigt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens T. Kowalski
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
- Bundeswehrkrankenhaus Berlin, Forschungssektion Psychotraumazentrum
| | - Claudia Kreußel
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | - Wolf-Dieter Gerber
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | - Uwe Niederberger
- Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel
| | - Franz Petermann
- Zentrum für Klinische Psychologie und Rehabilitation der Universität Bremen
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