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Yücel UM, Koşal V, Kara M, Taşpınar F, Uslu BA. Adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin on the fertility of Saanen bucks. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:466. [PMID: 34546445 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the adverse effects of oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin application on the fertility of Saanen bucks. For this purpose, twenty-four bucks were divided into three groups. Group I (control group) received only 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl for 7 days, group II was given a single dose of 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and group III was given at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg per day for 7 days intramuscularly. Serum and semen samples were collected from the bucks at post-treatment 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days and examined spermatological parameters (quantity, motility, density, abnormal sperm ratio, and live-dead sperm ratio), serum testosterone levels (with ELISA) and sperm DNA parameters (with Comet assay). The results showed no change in sperm volume, abnormal sperm rate, and dead-live sperm ratio in group II and III following oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin administration. However, a decrease in sperm density, sperm motility, mass activity, and testosterone levels, and an increase in sperm DNA damage were detected. These spermatological parameters (density, motility, mass activity) and testosterone levels were less decreased and sperm DNA damage was less increased in group II than group III. The greater damage in group III may be attributed to the longer duration of enrofloxacin administration compared to oxytetracycline and the effect of enrofloxacin on DNA. The results obtained from this study suggest that usage of oxytetracycline and especially enrofloxacin should be restricted and antibiotics with fewer side effects on sperm should be preferred in Saanen bucks during the reproduction period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Mercan Yücel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Volkan Koşal
- Departments of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, University of Van Yuzuncu Yil, Van, Turkey
| | - Mikail Kara
- Departments of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, University of Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Filiz Taşpınar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Barış Atalay Uslu
- Departments of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, University of Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy, 15100, Burdur, Turkey. .,Departments of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Faculty, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey.
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2
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Riad MH, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and Application of an interactive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) Model to Predict Oxytetracycline Tissue Distribution and Withdrawal Intervals in Market-Age Sheep and Goats. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:253-268. [PMID: 34329480 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a widely used antibiotic in food-producing animals. Extralabel use of OTC is common and may lead to violative residues in edible tissues. It is important to have a quantitative tool to predict scientifically-based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) after extralabel use in food animals to ensure human food safety. This study focuses on developing a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for OTC in sheep and goats. The model included seven compartments: plasma, lung, liver, kidneys, muscle, fat, and rest of the body. The model was calibrated with serum and tissue (liver, muscle, kidney, and fat) concentration data following a single intramuscular (IM, 20 mg/kg) and/or intravenous (IV, 10 mg/kg) administration of a long-acting formulation in sheep and goats. The model was evaluated with independent datasets from Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD). Results showed that the model adequately simulated the calibration datasets with an overall estimated coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95 and 0.92, respectively, for sheep and goat models and had acceptable accuracy for the validation datasets. Monte Carlo sampling technique was applied to predict the time needed for drug concentrations in edible tissues to fall below tolerances for the 99th percentiles of the population. The model was converted to a web-based interactive PBPK (iPBPK) interface to facilitate model applications. This iPBPK model provides a useful tool to estimate WDIs for OTC after extralabel use in small ruminants to ensure food safety and serves as a basis for extrapolation to other tetracycline drugs and other food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubul H Riad
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ronald E Baynes
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Fiona P Maunsell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608
| | - Jim E Riviere
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.,Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine (ICCM), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.,Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.,Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, FL 32608, USA
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3
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Poapolathep S, Wongpanit K, Imsilp K, Tanhan P, Klangkaew N, Giorgi M, Poapolathep A. Disposition of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in Thai swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:206-209. [PMID: 27597645 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of oxytetracycline long-acting formulation (OTC-LA) in Thai swamp buffaloes, Bubalus bubalis, following single intramuscular administration at two dosages of 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 504 h. The plasma concentrations of OTC were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentrations of OTC in the plasma were determined up to 264 h and 432 h after i.m. administration at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The Cmax values of OTC were 12.11 ± 1.87 μg/mL and 12.27 ± 1.92 μg/mL at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The AUClast values increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The half-life values were 52.00 ± 14.26 h and 66.80 ± 10.91 h at doses of 20 and 30 mg/kg b.w, respectively. Based on the pharmacokinetic data and PK-PD index (T > MIC), i.m. administration of OTC at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.w once per week might be appropriate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infection in Thai swamp buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Wongpanit
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon, Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - K Imsilp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Tanhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Klangkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - A Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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McLelland DJ, Barker IK, Crawshaw G, Hinds LA, Spilsbury L, Johnson R. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline and penicillin G in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:160-7. [PMID: 21395607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline and penicillin G was investigated in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). Groups of eight healthy tammar wallabies were administered i.v. oxytetracycline hydrochloride (40 mg/kg), i.m. long-acting-oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg), i.v. sodium penicillin G (30 mg/kg), or i.m. procaine/benzathine penicillin G (30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of oxytetracycline were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable to those reported for eutherians of equivalent size and suggest that the practice of adjusting allometrically scaled doses to account for the lower metabolic rate of marsupials may not be valid. Long-acting oxytetracycline and penicillin G both demonstrated depot effects. However, the plasma concentrations achieved question the therapeutic efficacy of the long-acting preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McLelland
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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FLETOURIS DJ, PAPAPANAGIOTOU EP. Tissue residue depletion of oxytetracycline after repeated intramuscular administration of Oxysentin 100 in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:56-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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CRAIGMILL AL, HOLLAND RE, ROBINSON D, WETZLICH S, ARNDT T. Serum pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in sheep and calves and tissue residues in sheep following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2000.00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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El Korchi G, Prats C, Arboix M, Pérez B. Disposition of oxytetracycline in pigs after i.m. administration of two long-acting formulations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2001; 24:247-50. [PMID: 11555179 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two commercially available long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) formulations were administered by the intramuscular (i.m.) route to six healthy pigs at the recommended dose of 30 mg/kg. After 2 h the mean maximum concentration (C(max)) reached values of 8.1 +/- 2.2 and 15.4 +/- 11.1 microg/mL, respectively. These concentrations remained higher than 0.5 microg/mL for more than 5 days after drug administration. The area under the concentration time curve (AUC09 days) of each formulation was 255 +/- 76.5 and 399.2 +/- 123 microg. h/mL, respectively, and the mean residence time (MRT) was around 3 days for both formulations. No significant differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations, showing the bioequivalence of the two formulations studied according to the criteria established by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP).
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Affiliation(s)
- G El Korchi
- Departament de Farmacologia i Terapeutica, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.
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Kikuvi GM, Mitema ES, Buoro IB. The pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline formulation in healthy dogs and in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis. Vet Res Commun 2001; 25:391-400. [PMID: 11469510 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010646826963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of oxytetracycline were studied following a single injection of a long-acting formulation (20 mg/kg body weight) into the semimembranosus muscle of healthy dogs and of dogs that had been experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis. The disposition curves of the long-acting oxytetracycline formulation before and after infection were best described by a bi-exponential decline after a first-order absorption. The mean maximum serum concentration (Cmax) following infection was significantly lower and the time taken to attain this concentration (tmax) was significantly shorter than that in the healthy dogs. The mean apparent elimination half-life (t(1/2) beta) was significantly increased following infection. The corresponding rate constant (beta) was significantly decreased. The absorption half-life (t(1/2) ab) was significantly decreased after infection. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) increased significantly following infection. It was concluded that the pharmacokinetic behaviour of a long-acting oxytetracycline in dogs after intramuscular administration is characterized by a two-compartment model with a slow elimination phase. This could be due to flip-flop kinetics. The febrile reaction in experimental E. canis infection affected some pharmacokinetic parameters of oxytetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Kikuvi
- Department of Public Health, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya
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Craigmill AL, Holland RE, Robinson D, Wetzlich S, Arndt T. Serum pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in sheep and calves and tissue residues in sheep following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2000; 23:345-52. [PMID: 11168911 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2000.00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) formulation (Liquamycin LA-200) injected intramuscularly (i.m.) at a dose of 20 mg/kg were determined in four calves and 24 sheep to determine if the approved label dose for cattle provided a similar serum time/concentration profile in sheep. The AUC for the calves was 168+/-14.6 (microg ? h/mL) and was significantly less than the AUC for sheep (209+/-43 microg ? h/mL). Using the standard two-stage approach and a one-compartment model, the mean Cmax for the calves was 5.2+/-0.8 microg /mL, and for the sheep was 6.1+/-1.3 microg /mL. The mean terminal phase rate constants were 0.031 and 0.033 h, and the Vdss were 3.3 and 3.08 L/kg for the calves and sheep respectively. Analysis of the data using the standard two-stage approach, the naive pooled-data approach and a population model gave very similar results for both the cattle and sheep data. Sheep tissue residues of OTC in serum, liver, kidney, fat, muscle and injection site were measured at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after a single i.m. injection of 20 mg/kg OTC. Half-lives of OTC residues in the tissues were 38.6, 33.4, 28.6, 25.4, 21.3, and 19.9 h for injection site, kidney, muscle, liver, mesenteric fat and renal fat, respectively. The ratio of tissue to serum concentration was fairly consistent at all slaughter times, except for the fat and injection sites. The mean ratios were 1.72, 4.19, 0.11, 0.061, 0.84 and 827 for the liver, kidney, renal fat, mesenteric fat, muscle and injection sites, respectively. The tissue concentrations of OTC residues were below the established cattle tolerances for OTC in liver (6 p.p.m.), muscle (2 p.p.m.) and kidney (12 p.p.m.) by 48 h, and in injection site muscle by 14 days after the single i.m. injection of 20 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Craigmill
- Environmental Toxicology Extension, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA.
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Moreno L, Serrano JM, Guimerá ME, Carceles CM. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline after intramuscular administration with lidocaine in sheep, comparison with a conventional formulation. Res Vet Sci 1998; 65:209-13. [PMID: 9915145 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(98)90145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic behaviour of oxytetracycline (OTC) was studied in 11 sheep after intravenous and intramuscular administration at a single dosage of 20 mg kg(-1) bodyweight. A conventional formulation was injected by the intravenous route and two different preparations were administered by the intramuscular route: a conventional formulation (T-100) and an aqueous solution of OTC with lidocaine (1 per cent) (OTC-L). The objective was to determine whether there are differences between both formulations in the disposition kinetics of OTC after intramuscular administration to sheep. After intravenous administration of the conventional formulation, plasma oxytetracycline concentrations were best fitted to an open two-compartment model. Mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.77+/-0.02 litre kg(-1) and the harmonic mean half-life was three hours. The OTC transfer process between central and peripheral compartments was fast and that did not influence the elimination process. After intramuscular administrations of both formulations, half-lives were longer than after intravenous administration (mean values of 14.1 and 58.2 hours for T-100 and OTC-L respectively). In both cases, a biphasic absorption, a 'flip-flop' model and a complete bioavailability were found. OTC-L provided therapeutic plasma concentrations over 0.5 microg ml(-1) (the minimum inhibitory concentration for most susceptible pathogens) for a longer period of time than T-100 (72 hours compared with 36 or 48 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Moreno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Edificio C-1, Campus de Rabanales, Spain
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Kumar R, Betageri GV, Gupta RB. Partitioning of oxytetracycline between aqueous and organic solvents. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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