1
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Cazanga V, Riquelme J, Cornejo D, Jeldres JA, Palma C, Pérez-Fernández R. Influence of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia on plasma and tissue disposition of florfenicol after intramuscular administration in rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105187. [PMID: 38422840 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
To assess the effects of the acute inflammatory response (AIR) induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on plasma and tissue disposition of florfenicol (FFC) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFC-a), after its intramuscular (IM) administration, twenty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 2 μg LPS/kg bw, before an intramuscular dose of 20 mg/kg FFC twenty-four h after the first LPS or SS injection; Group 2 (Control) was treated with saline solution (SS) in equivalent volumes as LPS-treated group. Blood samples were collected before (T0) and at different times after FFC administration. Acute inflammatory response was assessed in a parallel study where significant increases in body temperature, C-reactive protein concentrations and leukopenia were observed in the group treated with LPS. In another two groups of rabbits, 4 h after FFC treatment, rabbits were euthanized and tissue samples were collected for analysis of FFC and FFC-a concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of FFC that showed significantly higher values in LPS-treated rabbits compared with control rabbits were absorption half-life, area under the curve, mean residence time and clearance /F (Cl/F). Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FFC-a were significantly higher in LPS-treated rabbits, whereas the metabolite ratio of FFC-a decreased significantly. Significant differences in tissue distribution of FFC and FFC-a were observed in rabbits treated with LPS. Modifications in plasma and tissue disposition of FFC and FFC-a were attributed mainly to haemodynamic modifications induced by the AIR through LPS administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cazanga
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
| | - José Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Diego Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Jessie-Ana Jeldres
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Cristina Palma
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - Rubén Pérez-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile.
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2
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Guo X, Chen H, Tong Y, Wu X, Tang C, Qin X, Guo J, Li P, Wang Z, Liu W, Mo J. A review on the antibiotic florfenicol: Occurrence, environmental fate, effects, and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117934. [PMID: 38109957 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol, as a replacement for chloramphenicol, can tightly bind to the A site of the 23S rRNA in the 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome, thereby inhibiting protein synthesis and bacterial proliferation. Due to the widespread use in aquaculture and veterinary medicine, florfenicol has been detected in the aquatic environment worldwide. Concerns over the effects and health risks of florfenicol on target and non-target organisms have been raised in recent years. Although the ecotoxicity of florfenicol has been widely reported in different species, no attempt has been made to review the current research progress of florfenicol toxicity, hormesis, and its health risks posed to biota. In this study, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to summarize the effects of florfenicol on various organisms including bacteria, algae, invertebrates, fishes, birds, and mammals. The generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and spread antibiotic resistant genes, closely associated with hormesis, are pressing environmental health issues stemming from overuse or misuse of antibiotics including florfenicol. Exposure to florfenicol at μg/L-mg/L induced hormetic effects in several algal species, and chromoplasts might serve as a target for florfenicol-induced effects; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are completely lacking. Exposure to high levels (mg/L) of florfenicol modified the xenobiotic metabolism, antioxidant systems, and energy metabolism, resulting in hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, reproductive toxicity, obesogenic effects, and hormesis in different animal species. Mitochondria and the associated energy metabolism are suggested to be the primary targets for florfenicol toxicity in animals, albeit further in-depth investigations are warranted for revealing the long-term effects (e.g., whole-life-cycle impacts, multigenerational effects) of florfenicol, especially at environmental levels, and the underlying mechanisms. This will facilitate the evaluation of potential hormetic effects and construction of adverse outcome pathways for environmental risk assessment and regulation of florfenicol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingying Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Haibo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yongqi Tong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xintong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Can Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahua Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Ping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jiezhang Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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3
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Liu S, Guo Y, Qu H, Dong Y, Zhao S, Fu T, Kang R, Cheng J, Huang S, Zhao L, Ma Q. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and its metabolite florfenicol amine in the plasma, urine, and feces of fattening male donkeys following single oral administration. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1314029. [PMID: 38239747 PMCID: PMC10794771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1314029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a commonly used antibacterial agent in animals. We investigated the pharmacokinetics of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in donkeys. Donkeys were administered FF (30 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o.). Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a non-compartmental model. The FF (FFA) pharmacokinetics parameters were characterized by along elimination half-life (t1/2 kz) of 5.92 h (15.95 h), plasma peak concentration (Cmax) of 0.13 μg/mL (0.08 μg/mL), and the time taken to reach Cmax (Tmax) of 0.68 h (0.72 h). The area under plasma concentration-time curve and mean residence time of FF (FFA) in plasma were 1.31 μg·mL-1·h (0.47 μg·mL-1·h) and 10.37 h (18.40 h), respectively. The t1/2 kz of FF and FFA in urine was 21.93 and 40.26 h, and the maximum excretion rate was 10.56 and 4.03 μg/h reached at 25.60 and 32.20 h, respectively. The respective values in feces were 0.02 and 0.01 μg·h-1 reached at 33.40 h. The amount of FF and FFA recovered in feces was 0.52 and 0.22 μg, respectively. In conclusion, FF (FFA) is rapidly absorbed and slowly eliminated after a single oral administration to donkeys. Compared to FF, FFA was more slowly eliminated. FF (FFA) is mostly excreted through urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Yanjie Dong
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shancang Zhao
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Tianze Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifen Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Trif E, Cerbu C, Olah D, Zăblău SD, Spînu M, Potârniche AV, Pall E, Brudașcă F. Old Antibiotics Can Learn New Ways: A Systematic Review of Florfenicol Use in Veterinary Medicine and Future Perspectives Using Nanotechnology. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101695. [PMID: 37238125 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine in order to treat the pathology of farm and aquatic animals. It is a synthetic fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol that functions by inhibiting ribosomal activity, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis and has shown over time a strong activity against Gram-positive and negative bacterial groups. Florfenicol was also reported to have anti-inflammatory activity through a marked reduction in immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. The need for improvement came from (1) the inappropriate use (to an important extent) of this antimicrobial, which led to serious concerns about florfenicol-related resistance genes, and (2) the fact that this antibiotic has a low water solubility making it difficult to formulate an aqueous solution in organic solvents, and applicable for different routes of administration. This review aims to synthesize the various applications of florfenicol in veterinary medicine, explore the potential use of nanotechnology to improve its effectiveness and analyze the advantages and limitations of such approaches. The review is based on data from scientific articles and systematic reviews identified in several databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Trif
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Constantin Cerbu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sergiu Dan Zăblău
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Valentin Potârniche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emoke Pall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florinel Brudașcă
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur nr. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang R, Sy SKB, Li Z, Zhu S, Zhou M, Song C, Zhang J, Lv Z, Liu J, Qin L, Yu M. Florfenicol/Chlortetracycline Effect on Pharmacodynamic Indices for Mutant Selection of Riemerella anatipestifer in Ducks. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:832-840. [PMID: 35723674 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer can cause septicemia and death in ducks and geese, leading to significant economic losses to animal farms. The emergence of resistance of R. anatipestifer to commonly used antibiotics increases the difficulty of treating R. anatipestifer infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of antibiotic combination to restrict mutant selection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) R. anatipestifer isolates. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and chlortetracycline in Pekin ducks were evaluated using both noncompartmental analysis and population pharmacokinetic models. The areas under the curve of florfenicol and chlortetracycline after single 20 and 10 mg/kg oral administration were 49.3 and 6.84 mg*h/L, respectively. Chlortetracycline exhibited high apparent clearance and low systemic exposure. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) values of the two antibiotics were determined in 10 and 2 MDR R. anatipestifer isolates, respectively, to derive fTMSW (the fraction of time over 24 hours wherein the free drug concentration was within the mutant selection window [MSW]) and fT>MPC (the fraction of time that the free drug concentration was above the MPC). Both fTMSW and fT>MPC were estimated from simulated concentration-time profiles relative to MIC and MPC. Florfenicol and chlortetracycline combination have additive activities against R. anatipestifer in majority of isolates and could significantly decrease monotherapy MPC of florfenicol and chlortetracycline, as well as optimize both fTMSW and fT>MPC parameters, provided that the bioavailability of chlortetracycline is improved. The application of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses to MPC concepts to restrict selection of mutant bacterial strains can help improve short- and long-term outcomes of antibiotic treatment in animal farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China.,Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Sherwin K B Sy
- Department of Statistics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Zhizhong Li
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China.,Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Shixing Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Meichen Zhou
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Chu Song
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Lv
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Liting Qin
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China.,Qingdao Jiazhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China
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6
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol after single oral and intravenous, as well as multiple oral administrations to geese. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:25-31. [PMID: 32933318 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1824290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profiles of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TP), which are synthetic bacteriostatic antimicrobial drugs, in geese after a single intravenous or oral administration, as well as seven oral doses administered at 12 h intervals. For all treatments, the dose was 30 mg/kg. 2. After single IV administration, clearance and volume of distribution were low (0.23 ± 0.03 l/h/kg and 0.57 ± 0.08 l/kg for FF, and 0.23 ± 0.04 l/h/kg and 0.59 ± 0.08 l/kg for TP, respectively). The elimination half-life was similar between products and short (2.91 ± 0.41 and 2.84 ± 0.64 h for FF and TP, respectively). 3. The single oral administration resulted in efficient absorption (bioavailability of 83.15 ± 11.48 for FF and 75.21 ± 19.56% for TP) with high maximal concentrations of 30.47 ± 2.47 and 20.02 ± 3.87 μg/ml for FF and TP, respectively. The area under the curve was 108.36 ± 14.96 and 101.81 ± 26.48 mg×h/l for FF and TP, respectively. 4. For both drugs, the two latter parameters were found to be higher compared to earlier studies on terrestrial birds. This suggested that FF and TP may be efficient in treating infections in geese caused by certain bacteria sensitive to chloramphenicol. 5. Neither drug accumulated in tissues following the oral seven doses and no adverse effects were noted in any treated animals. Thus, the selected FF and TP dosage may be considered as a safe treatment for geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - B Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - A Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Martin KL, Clapham MO, Davis JL, Baynes RE, Lin Z, Vickroy TW, Riviere JE, Tell LA. Extralabel drug use in small ruminants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 253:1001-1009. [PMID: 30272520 DOI: 10.2460/javma.253.8.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Tikhomirov M, Poźniak B, Smutkiewicz A, Świtała M. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in ducks. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:116-120. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tikhomirov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Błażej Poźniak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Andrzej Smutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
| | - Marcin Świtała
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wrocław Poland
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9
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Pérez-Fernández R, Cazanga V, Jeldres JA, Silva PP, Riquelme J, Quiroz F, Palma C, Carretta MD, Burgos RA. Plasma and tissue disposition of florfenicol in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxaemic sheep. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:408-415. [PMID: 27378216 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1195522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The purpose of this study was to understand the effects of the acute inflammatory response (AIR) induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on florfenicol (FFC) and FFC-amine (FFC-a) plasma and tissue concentrations. 2. Ten Suffolk Down sheep, 60.5 ± 4.7 kg, were distributed into two experimental groups: group 1 (LPS) treated with three intravenous doses of 1 μg/kg bw of LPS at 24, 16, and 0.75 h (45 min) before FFC treatment; group 2 (Control) was treated with saline solution (SS) in parallel to group 1. An IM dose of 20 mg FFC/kg was administered at 0.75 h after the last injection of LPS or SS. Blood and tissue samples were taken after FFC administration. 3. The plasma AUC0-4 h values of FFC were higher (p = 0.0313) in sheep treated with LPS (21.8 ± 2.0 μg·min/mL) compared with the control group (12.8 ± 2.3 μg·min/mL). Lipopolysaccharide injections increased FFC concentrations in kidneys, spleen, and brain. Low levels of plasma FFC-a were observed in control sheep (Cmax = 0.14 ± 0.01 μg/mL) with a metabolite ratio (MR) of 4.0 ± 0.87%. While in the LPS group, Cmax increased slightly (0.25 ± 0.01 μg/mL), and MR decreased to 2.8 ± 0.17%. 4. The changes observed in the plasma and tissue concentrations of FFC were attributed to the pathophysiological effects of LPS on renal hemodynamics that modified tissue distribution and reduced elimination of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Pérez-Fernández
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Victoria Cazanga
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Jessie Ana Jeldres
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Pedro P Silva
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - José Riquelme
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Fernando Quiroz
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Cristina Palma
- a Laboratorio de Farmacología , Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción , Chillán , Chile and
| | - Maria D Carretta
- b Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- b Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile , Valdivia , Chile
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Pérez R, Palma C, Burgos R, Jeldres JA, Espinoza A, Peñailillo AK. The acute phase response induced by Escherichia coli
lipopolysaccharide modifies the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of florfenicol in rabbits. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:183-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Concepción; Chillán Chile
| | - C. Palma
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Concepción; Chillán Chile
| | - R. Burgos
- Instituto de Farmacología. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Austral de Chile; Valdivia Chile
| | - J. A. Jeldres
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Concepción; Chillán Chile
| | - A. Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Concepción; Chillán Chile
| | - A. K. Peñailillo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología; Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad de Concepción; Chillán Chile
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11
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Pentecost RL, Niehaus AJ, Werle N, Lakritz J. Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:199-203. [PMID: 25744433 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p < 0.001; p = 0.006 respectively). Mean absorption time (MAT) after s.c. dosing was also prolonged (p = 0.006). Fractional absorption of florfenicol after i.m. and s.c. was not different (p > 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pentecost
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew J Niehaus
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Werle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lakritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Pérez R, Palma C, Drápela C, Sepulveda M, Espinoza A, Peñailillo AK. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous administration in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxaemic sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:144-9. [PMID: 25229993 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experiments in different animal species have shown that febrile conditions, induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. The objective was to study the effects of a LPS-induced acute-phase response (APR) model on plasma pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FFC) after its intravenous administration in sheep. Six adult clinically healthy Suffolk Down sheep, 8 months old and 35.5 ± 2.2 kg in body weight (bw), were distributed through a crossover factorial 2 × 2 design, with 4 weeks of washout. Pairs of sheep similar in body weight were assigned to experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS) was treated with three intravenous doses of 1 μg/kg bw of E. coli LPS before FFC treatment. Group 2 (control) was treated with an equivalent volume of saline solution (SS) at similar intervals as LPS. At 24 h after the first injection of LPS or SS, an intravenous bolus of 20 mg/kg bw of FFC was administered. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected before drug administration and at different times between 0.05 and 48.0 h after treatment. FFC plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic model was used for data analysis, and data were compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. The mean values of AUC0-∞ in the endotoxaemic sheep (105.9 ± 14.3 μg·h/mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than values observed in healthy sheep (78.4 ± 5.2 μg·h/mL). The total mean plasma clearance (CLT ) decreased from 257.7 ± 16.9 mL·h/kg in the control group to 198.2 ± 24.1 mL·h/kg in LPS-treated sheep. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the terminal half-life was observed in the endotoxaemic sheep (16.9 ± 3.8 h) compared to the values observed in healthy sheep (10.4 ± 3.2 h). In conclusion, the APR induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli LPS in sheep produces higher plasma concentrations of FFC due to a decrease in the total body clearance of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pérez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán, Chile
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A new rotating-disk sorptive extraction mode, with a copolymer of divinylbenzene and N-vinylpyrrolidone trapped in the cavity of the disk, used for determination of florfenicol residues in porcine plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2205-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Regnier A, Laroute V, Gautier-Bouchardon A, Gayrard V, Picard-Hagen N, Toutain PL. Florfenicol concentrations in ovine tear fluid following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration and comparison with the minimum inhibitory concentrations against mycoplasmal strains potentially involved in infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74:268-74. [PMID: 23363353 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.2.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure florfenicol concentrations in ovine tear fluid after IM and SC administration and determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of florfenicol against field isolates of Mycoplasma organisms potentially involved in infectious keratoconjunctivitis. ANIMALS 9 healthy adult Lacaune ewes. PROCEDURES Animals received an IM and SC administration of florfenicol (20 mg/kg) in a 2-way crossover design. Samples of blood and tear fluid were collected before and for 24 hours after administration. Concentrations of florfenicol in plasma and tear fluid were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography. The MIC of florfenicol for various Mycoplasma strains cultured from sheep and goats was determined via an agar dilution method. RESULTS Mean florfenicol concentration in tear fluid for the 24-hour period was significantly higher after IM administration (0.70 μg/mL) than after SC administration (0.22 μg/mL) and was maintained for a longer duration. The lacrimal fluid-to-plasma concentration ratio was not different between the 2 routes of administration, with mean values of 40.2% and 32.5% after IM and SC administration, respectively. The MIC for Mycoplasma agalactiae, Mycoplasma conjunctivae, and Mycoplasma mycoides isolates ranged from 0.5 to 8 μg of florfenicol/mL. Two strains of M agalactiae could be considered resistant to florfenicol. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Florfenicol readily penetrated the preocular tear fluid of sheep after IM and SC administration. For both routes of administration, doses > 20 mg/kg would be necessary to achieve tear fluid concentrations of florfenicol greater than the MICs for most strains of Mycoplasma organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Regnier
- UMR 181 Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales, INRA, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, 23 chemin des Capelles, B.P. 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
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SUN Y, BU SJ. Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of praziquantel in healthy water buffalo after oral and intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:618-22. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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PALMA C, RAMÍREZ J, BENAVENTE A, CAZANGA V, VENEGAS M, PÉREZ R. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine after intravenous administration in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 35:508-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effect of three anthelmentics on disposition kinetics of florfenicol in goats. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3340-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 08/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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CHANG SK, DAVIS JL, CHENG CN, SHIEN RH, HSIEH MK, KOH BW, CHOU CC. Pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion of florfenicol in Leghorn and Taiwan Native chickens. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33:471-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lohani M, Ahmad AH, Singh KP, Verma S. Pharmacokinetics and Residual Studies of Florfenicol Following Multiple Dose Oral Administration in Poultry. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2010.9707145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Koc F, Uney K, Ozturk M, Kadioglu Y, Atila A. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in the plasma of Japanese quail. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:388-91. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.64734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular administration in New Zealand White rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:102-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li XB, Wu WX, Su D, Wang ZJ, Jiang HY, Shen JZ. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of cefquinome in healthy piglets. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 31:523-7. [PMID: 19000274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.00989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A study on bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in piglets was conducted after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations of 2.0 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography assay with UV detector at 268-nm wavelength. Plasma concentration-time data after i.v. administration were best fit by a two-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic values were distribution half-life 0.27 +/- 0.21 h, elimination half-life 1.85 +/- 1.11 h, total body clearance 0.26 +/- 0.08 L/kg.h, area under curve 8.07 +/- 1.91 microg x h/mL and volume of distribution at steady state 0.46 +/- 0.10 L/kg. Plasma concentration-time data after i.m. administration were also best fit by a two-compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were distribution half-life 0.88 +/- 0.42 h, elimination half-life 4.36 +/- 2.35 h, peak concentration 4.01 +/- 0.57 microg/mL and bioavailability 95.13 +/- 9.93%.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Li
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Anadón A, Martínez MA, Martínez M, Ríos A, Caballero V, Ares I, Martínez-Larrañaga MR. Plasma and tissue depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in chickens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:11049-11056. [PMID: 18975969 DOI: 10.1021/jf802138y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chickens were used to investigate plasma disposition of florfenicol after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral dose (20 mg kg-1 body weight) and to study residue depletion of florfenicol and its major metabolite florfenicol-amine after multiple oral doses (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days). Plasma and tissue samples were analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. After i.v. and oral administration, plasma concentration-time curves were best described by a two-compartment open model. The mean [ +/- standard deviation (SD)] elimination half-life (t1/2beta) of florfenicol in plasma was 7.90 +/- 0.48 and 8.34 +/- 0.64 h after i.v. and oral administration, respectively. The maximum plasma concentration was 10.23 +/- 1.67 microg mL-1, and the interval from oral administration until maximal concentration was 0.63 +/- 0.07 h. Oral bioavailability was found to be 87 +/- 16%. Florfenicol was converted to florfenicol-amine. After multiple oral dose (40 mg kg-1 body weight, daily for 3 days), in kidney and liver, concentrations of florfenicol (119.34 +/- 31.81 and 817.34 +/- 91.65 microg kg-1, respectively) and florfenicol-amine (60.67 +/- 13.05 and 48.50 +/- 13.07 microg kg-1, respectively) persisted for 7 days. The prolonged presence of residues of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in edible tissues can play an important role in human food safety, because the compounds could give rise to a possible health risk. A withdrawal time of 6 days was necessary to ensure that the residues of florfenicol were less than the maximal residue limits or tolerance established by the European Union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Anadón
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Kowalski P, Konieczna L, Chmielewska A, Oledzka I, Plenis A, Bieniecki M, Lamparczyk H. Comparative evaluation between capillary electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of florfenicol in plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:983-9. [PMID: 16084049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 05/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis (CE) and a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection have been developed for florfenicol analysis in plasma samples. The suitabilities of both methods for quantitative determination of florfenicol were approved through validation specification, such as linearity, precision, selectivity, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. The capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay were compared by analyzing a series of plasma samples containing florfenicol in different concentrations using the two methods. The extraction procedure is simple and no gradient elution or derivatization is required. Furthermore, the analysis time of the CE method is two times shorter than the respective parameter in HPLC and solvent consumptions is considerably lower. The calibration curve were linear to at least 0.05-10 microg/ml (r = 0.9998) and 0.1-10 microg/ml (r = 0.9998) for CE and HPLC, respectively. The separation efficiency are good for both methods. The detection limits for florfenicol were 0.015 microg/ml with CE and 0.03 microg/ml with HPLC and CE method gave lower value, even though UV detector was applied in the both cases. The both methods were selective, robust and reliable quantification of florfenicol and can be useful for clinical and biomedical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kowalski
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hallera 107, PL-80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Lin B, Zhang C, Xiao X. Toxicity, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a newly formulated colistin sulfate solution. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:349-54. [PMID: 16050814 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00666.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We formulated a new colistin sulfate injectable solution and tested its effectiveness, toxicity and pharmacokinetics in vivo on mice, rabbits, and piglets. When intramuscularly injected (i.m.) into rabbits at 0.5 mL per site, the 2.5% colistin sulfate solution caused no reaction at the injection site, but the 5.0% solution caused the muscle circumference to appear erythematic. Tested LD50 in CD-1 mice were 38.72 mg/kg for i.m. and 431.95 mg/kg for oral administration, respectively. At 15.0 mg/kg/day (i.m.) for 5 days, colistin sulfate caused obvious neurotoxicity to piglets with moderate granular degenerations in the epithelial tissues from kidney and liver. These toxic responses were not seen when colistin sulfate was injected at 10.0 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed Cmax of 3.73 +/- 0.28 and 6.40 +/- 0.18 microg/mL, Tmax of 32 +/- 1.5 and 34 +/- 1.8 min, t(1/2beta) of 256 +/- 14 and 264 +/- 29 min, and absolute bioavailability of 95.94 and 88.45% for colistin sulfate intramuscularly injected to piglets at 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg, respectively. Serum colistin sulfate concentration followed a two-compartment open model showing first-order absorption. The high bioavailability and the long-lasting serum retention time indicated that the new solution is suitable for i.m. in piglets with a recommended dose of 2.5 mg/kg injected twice daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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