Veterinary pharmacovigilance. Part 4. Adverse reactions in humans to veterinary medicinal products

Assessment of ocular discomfort caused by 5 shampoos using the Slug Mucosal Irritation test

Assessment of ocular discomfort caused by veterinary care products is less legitimately regulated than that caused by human care products. The Slug Mucosal Irritation (SMI) assay was adapted to evaluate canine hygiene shampoos to predict ocular discomfort. Experiments were performed using four commercial canine shampoos, a baby care product, and two controls (ArtTear® and BAC1%). Groups of 3 slugs were tested with 5% dilution of the 7 test substances. The negative control (ArtTear®) was the best tolerated. The baby care product Mixa bébé as well as Douxo Entretien Démêlant and Phlox Shampooing Entretien were classified to cause mild ocular discomfort. Together with the positive control (BAC 1%), Shampooing Physiologique Virbac and Physiovet Shampooing were considered to cause severe ocular discomfort. Different intensities of ocular discomfort were measured for veterinary care products. The SMI model was considered as a reproducible and adaptable evaluation method for screening veterinary care products causing ocular discomfort.

Serão os carrapaticidas agrotóxicos? Implicações na saúde e na percepção de riscos de trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira

O presente artigo tem por objetivo caracterizar os riscos relacionados ao uso de agrotóxicos na pecuária leiteira, no que tange a questões de legislação, de saúde e da percepção de riscos de trabalhadores dessa atividade. Para tanto, baseia-se em articulação metodológica que incluiu: a) revisão sistemática da literatura de referência sobre o objeto da pesquisa; b) análise da legislação correlata (produtos veterinários e agrotóxicos); c) identificação de perigos relacionados a produtos veterinários formulados à base de princípios ativos regulados como agrotóxicos; d) e análise da percepção de riscos de um grupo de trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira. A análise dos resultados do estudo apontou uma situação de especial interesse para o campo da Saúde Coletiva. No que diz respeito aos trabalhadores da pecuária leiteira, a invisibilidade de riscos associados ao manejo de agrotóxicos de uso veterinário aumenta sua exposição e está relacionada a diversos problemas de saúde, em especial nas mulheres. Esta mesma invisibilidade leva a um negligenciamento do respeito ao período de carência. Parte dos problemas pode estar associada à não classificação dos inseticidas de uso veterinários como agrotóxicos, o que torna necessária e urgente a discussão do tema.

Veterinary Pesticides

Veterinary pesticides are used to treat a range of parasitic conditions in companion and farm animals. These products are based on a number of different compounds with different modes of action and different spectra of toxicity. The older agents include the synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphorus compounds, while the newer examples include, for example, representatives of the insect growth promoters, the neonicotinoids, and the oxadiazones. For many of these compounds, toxicity is associated with their pharmacological activity or mode of action. Thus the synthetic pyrethroids and the organophosphorus compounds exert neurotoxic effects. For others, toxicity may be associated with mechanisms that are independent of their mode of action. When used according to the manufacturer's instructions, these products are generally safe and efficacious. However, accidental contamination and misuse can lead to toxicity in operators and treated animals. These compounds are important in the treatment of parasitic disease in animals and their regulation and uses are based on favourable risk-benefit outcomes.