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Dendougui-Tadjine F, Pröhl R, Spies D, Hamann F, Schulz F, Terhalle W, Lange N, Scheid S, Polzer J. Residue depletion of toltrazuril and its metabolites in egg after an authorised application in hens. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Yamaguchi K, Jin X, Yatabe T, Suzuki K. Development of Environmentally Friendly Dehydrogenative Oxidation Reactions Using Multifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Takafumi Yatabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
| | - Kosuke Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656
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3
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Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolites toltrazuril sulphoxide and toltrazuril sulphone in pregnant and non-pregnant goats. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190040383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic characteristics of toltrazuril (TZR) and its metabolites toltrazuril sulphoxide (TZR.SO) and toltrazuril sulphone (TZR.SO2) were assessed in non-pregnant and pregnant goats. Ten healthy Baladi female goats were allocated into two groups (n = 5 per group): non-pregnant goats (group 1) and pregnant goats at 2–3 months of gestation (group 2). Toltrazuril was administered once orally to all goats at 20 mg/kg. Plasma samples were collected at 0 (before TZR administration), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48, 72 h and 5, 7, 9, 12, 16, 20, 24, 27, 30, and 35 days post therapy to measure the concentrations of TZR and its metabolites. In pregnant goats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the last sample (AUC0-last) of TZR were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to the non-pregnant ones, whereas the volume of distribution (Vz_F_obs) and clearance (Cl_F_obs) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in pregnant goats. No significant differences were observed in the elimination half-life (T1/2λz), and mean residence time (MRT) between the two groups. In non-pregnant goats, TZR.SO and TZR.SO2 could be detected in plasma until 12 and 30 days, respectively; whereas in pregnant goats, they were quantified up to 16 and 35 days, respectively. Conclusively, TZR was well absorbed and rapidly metabolized to TZR.SO and TZR.SO2, after oral dosing in goats. Pregnancy caused significant alterations in some of the pharmacokinetic indicators of TZR and its metabolites in goats.
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Cao CK, Tretyakov E, Chen C. Transition-metal-free trifluoromethylthiolation–acylation of arynes by insertion into the C–S bonds. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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5
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Preparation, characterization and pharmacokinetic studies of sulfobutyl ether-β-cyclodextrin-toltrazuril inclusion complex. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Cao CK, Zhang Y, Lan T, Liu W, Chen C. Facile synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthio phosphonium ylides with a constrained trifluoromethylthiooxide via a proton-transfer procedure. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9479-9482. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of α-trifluoromethylthio(CF3S–)phosphonium ylides is easily accomplished with a constrained trifluoromethylthiooxide via a proton-transfer procedure without extra base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Kimmy Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Tianlei Lan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Sciences
- Tianjin University of Science & Technology
- Tianjin
- China
| | - Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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7
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Zhang L, Liu M, Lu C, Ren D, Fan G, Liu C, Liu M, Shu G, Peng G, Yuan Z, Zhong Z, Zhang W, Fu H. The hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation of toltrazuril for enhancing bioavailability. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:583-589. [PMID: 29593381 PMCID: PMC5865576 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s157611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Toltrazuril (Tol) is used to prevent and combat coccidiosis. However, its low aqueous solubility and poor oral bioavailability limit clinical application. Methods To overcome the shortcomings, toltrazuril–hydroxypropyl–β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (Tol-HP-β-CD) was prepared and characterized. The comparative plasma disposition kinetics of Tol was analyzed after a single orally administered dose of 10 mg/kg Tol or Tol-HP-β-CD in rabbits. Solution-stirring method was selected to prepare the inclusion complex. Complex formation was characterized by thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In plasma profile, plasma samples were collected between 1 and 10 days following administration. Plasma Tol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results In rabbit plasma, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) of Tol-HP-β-CD was shorter than that of Tol (12 h vs 24 h). Cmax (19.92±1.02 μg/mL) and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0-∞, 1,176.86±70.26 mg/L h) of the Tol-HP-β-CD group significantly increased (p,0.01) than those of the Tol group (Cmax, 8.02±1.04 μg/mL; AUC0-∞, 514.03±66.65 mg/L h). Conclusion It can be concluded that the Tol-HP-β-CD increased the aqueous solubility and enhanced the oral bioavailability in rabbits. Complexation with HP-β-CD is a feasible way to prepare a rapidly absorbed and more bioavailable Tol oral product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengxi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaocheng Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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8
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Stock ML, Elazab ST, Hsu WH. Review of triazine antiprotozoal drugs used in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:184-194. [PMID: 28833212 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Triazines are relatively new antiprotozoal drugs that have successfully controlled coccidiosis and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. These drugs have favorably treated other protozoal diseases such as neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. In this article, we discuss the pharmacological characteristics of five triazines, toltrazuril, ponazuril, clazuril, diclazuril, and nitromezuril which are used in veterinary medicine to control protozoal diseases which include coccidiosis, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, neosporosis, and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Stock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S T Elazab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura, Egypt
| | - W H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Karmakar R, Mamidipalli P, Salzman RM, Hong S, Yun SY, Guo W, Xia Y, Lee D. Benzannulation of Triynes Initiated by an Alder-Ene Reaction and Subsequent Trifluoromethylthiolate Addition. Org Lett 2016; 18:3530-3. [PMID: 27443700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Karmakar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Phani Mamidipalli
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Ryan M. Salzman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Seongwon Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Sang Young Yun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Wei Guo
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzhi Xia
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, P. R. China
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Abstract
It is important that veterinarians treating exotic companion mammals stay abreast of the latest developments relating to medications and drug delivery approaches for safety, efficacy and welfare issues. Sustained release formulations of commonly used drugs as well as newer routes for administration of therapeutic agents allow the veterinarian treating exotic companion mammals to reduce the stress associated with drug administration. Interactions can occur between vehicle and drugs when formulations are compounded, therefore research studies are warranted regarding potential problems associated with these formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Hawkins
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 2108 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Yamaguchi K, Sakagami K, Miyamoto Y, Jin X, Mizuno N. Oxidative nucleophilic strategy for synthesis of thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides from thiols. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:9200-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01655f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of a 2 × 2 manganese oxide-based octahedral molecular sieve (OMS-2) and potassium fluoride (KF), various thiocyanates and trifluoromethyl sulfides could be synthesized from thiols in almost quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Konomi Sakagami
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Xiongjie Jin
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Noritaka Mizuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo113-8656, Japan
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Clarke L, Moloney M, O'Mahony J, O'Kennedy R, Danaher M. Determination of 20 coccidiostats in milk, duck muscle and non-avian muscle tissue using UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:958-69. [PMID: 23731083 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.794306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, methods were developed to measure coccidiostats in bovine milk, duck muscle and non-avian species. The methods were validated to the maximum levels and MRLs laid down in European Union legislation. A simple sample preparation procedure was developed for the isolation of coccidiostat residues from bovine, ovine, equine, porcine and duck muscle tissue, based on solvent extraction with acetonitrile and concentration. An alternative method had to be developed for milk samples based on the QuEChERS sample preparation approach because of the high water content in this matrix. Milk samples were adjusted to basic pH with sodium hydroxide and extracted by using a slurry of acetonitrile, MgSO4 and NaCl. Purified sample extracts were subsequently analysed by using UHPLC-MS/MS in a 13.2-min chromatographic run. It was found that the use of rapid polarity switching enabled both negatively and positively charged ions to be analysed from a single injection. By using this approach, solvent usage was reduced significantly and sample throughput improved. The method was validated for the analysis of 20 coccidiostats (arprinocid, clopidol, decoquinate, diclazuril, diaveridine, ethopabate, halofuginone, laidlomycin, lasalocid, maduramicin, monensin, narasin, nequinate, nicarbazin, robenidine, salinomycin, semduramicin, toltrazuril, toltrazuril sulphoxide and toltrazuril sulphone) in muscle and milk. The method is quantitative for toltrazurils, but it cannot be used for confirmation because only the precursor ion is monitored. Accuracy values for muscle ranged from 80% to 125%, while CCα ranged from 2.2 µg kg(-1) for clopidol to 122 µg kg(-1) for toltrazuril sulphoxide. Bovine milk accuracy ranged from 84% to 120% for all analytes except maduramicin, semduramicin and salinomycin, for which the values were higher. CCα values achieved ranged from 1.1 µg kg(-1) for arprinocid, nequinate and lasalocid to 27 µg kg(-1) for toltrazuril.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Clarke
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Exotic small mammal medicine is a relatively new specialty area within veterinary medicine. Ferrets, rabbits, and rodents have long been used as animal models in human medical research investigations, resulting in a body of basic anatomic and physiologic information that can be used by veterinarians treating these species. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of veterinary articles that describe clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options of gastrointestinal (GI) disease as it affects exotic small mammals. Although there is little reference material relating to exotic small mammal GI disease, patients are commonly presented to veterinary hospitals with digestive tract disorders. This article provides the latest information available for GI disease in ferrets (Helicobacter mustelae gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], GI lymphoma, systemic coronavirus, coccidiosis, and liver disease), rabbits (GI motility disorders, liver lobe torsion, astrovirus, and coccidiosis), guinea pigs (gastric dilatation volvulus [GDV]), rats (Taenia taeniaeformis), and hamsters (Clostridium difficile). Both noninfectious diseases and emerging infectious diseases are reviewed as well as the most up-to-date diagnostics and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Huynh
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Fregis, Arcueil, France
| | - Charly Pignon
- Exotic Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Zhang CP, Vicic DA. Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Aryl Trifluoromethyl Sulfides at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:183-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja210364r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822,
United States
| | - David A. Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822,
United States
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