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Xiao X, Jiang L, Lan W, Jiang Y, Wang Z. In vivo pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic modeling of Enrofloxacin against Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:374. [PMID: 30497453 PMCID: PMC6267815 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic Escherichia coli infections cause early mortality of commercial broiler chickens. Although enrofloxacin has long been used in poultry, the in vivo pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship of enrofloxacin against E. coli is unclear. The present study aimed to establish an in vivo PK/PD model of enrofloxacin against E. coli in seven-day-old chicks and to ascertain whether the selection of target organ for PD determination is critical for parameter magnitude calculation in enrofloxacin PK/PD modeling. Results The in vivo effectiveness of enrofloxacin against E. coli in different organs varied, with the Emax ranging from − 4.4 to − 5.8 Log10 colony forming units (cfu)/mL or cfu/g. Both the surrogate AUC0–24/MIC of enrofloxacin or AUC0–24/MIC of the combination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin correlated well with effectiveness in each organ. The AUC0–24/MIC ratio of the combination of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin producing bactericidal and elimination effects were 21.29 and 32.13 in blood; 41.68, and 58.52 in the liver; and 27.65 and 46.22 in the lung, respectively. Conclusions The in vivo effectiveness of enrofloxacin against E. coli in different organs was not identical after administration of the same dosage. To describe the magnitude of PK/PD parameter exactly, bacterial loading reduction in different organs as PD endpoints should be evaluated and compared in PK/PD modeling. The selection of a target organ to evaluate PDs is critical for rational dosage recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixuan Lan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjia Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China. .,Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Aboubakr M, Elbadawy M. Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after single intravenous and oral administration. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:36-39. [PMID: 30453178 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of difloxacin (DF), a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, were investigated in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) after a single intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) administration of 10 mg/kg bodyweight. Plasma concentration profiles of DF were analyzed by a compartmental pharmacokinetic method. Following IV injection, the plasma concentration vs time profile was best described by a two-compartment open model. Elimination half-life (t1/2β), total body clearance (Cltot), volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) and mean residence time (MRT) of DF were 5.45 ± 0.14 h, 0.22 ± 0.01 L/kg/h, 1.54 ± 0.06 L/kg and 6.92 ± 0.19 h, respectively. Following PO administration, DF was rapidly absorbed, with peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 3.67 μg/mL attained at 1.90 h (Tmax) after administration. Absorption half-life (t1/2ab), elimination half-life (t1/2el), mean absorption time (MAT) were 0.5 h, 5.26 h and 1.11 h, respectively. The bioavailability (F) following PO administration of DF was high (84.40%). For a successful clinical effect of DF in quails, a multiple dosage regimen of 10 mg/kg bodyweight, administered orally every 24 h is recommended to maintain effective plasma concentrations with bacterial infections, in which MIC90 is <0.2 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - M Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
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Watson MK, Wittenburg LA, Bui CT, Jarosz KA, Gustafson DL, Johnston MS. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of orbifloxacin oral suspension in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Am J Vet Res 2016; 76:946-51. [PMID: 26512539 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.11.946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of 2 doses of orbifloxacin in rabbits. ANIMALS 6 healthy purpose-bred adult female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). PROCEDURES Each of 3 rabbits received orbifloxacin at either 10 or 20 mg/kg, PO. Then, after a 1-week washout period, they received the same dose IV. Blood samples were collected from each rabbit at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after drug administration. Plasma orbifloxacin concentration was measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis for data obtained following PO administration and noncompartmental and compartmental analyses for data obtained following IV administration. RESULTS Following oral administration, the mean ± SD peak plasma orbifloxacin concentration was 1.66 ± 0.51 μg/mL for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 3.00 ± 0.97 μg/mL for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose and was attained at 2 hours after drug administration. The mean ± SD half-life of orbifloxacin in plasma was 7.3 ± 1.1 hours for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 8.6 ± 0.55 hours for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose. Mean bioavailability was 52.5% for rabbits administered the 10 mg/kg dose and 46.5% for rabbits administered the 20 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided pharmacokinetic properties for 2 doses (10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) of orbifloxacin oral suspension in rabbits. Further studies are necessary to determine the protein-binding activity of orbifloxacin in rabbits before dosages for the treatment of common pathogens in this species are recommended.
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Lashev LD, Dimitrova DJ, Milanova A, Moutafchieva RG. Pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Br Poult Sci 2015; 56:255-61. [PMID: 25567298 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.998989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin was studied in Japanese quails and common pheasants. Healthy mature birds from both species and both genders were treated intravenously and orally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg) and marbofloxacin (5 mg/kg). After intravenous administration enrofloxacin was extensively metabolised to ciprofloxacin. Metabolites of marbofloxacin were not detected. Values of volume of distribution were respectively 4.63 l/kg and 3.67 l/kg for enrofloxacin and 1.56 l/kg and 1.43 l/kg for marbofloxacin. In quails, total body clearance values were higher than those in pheasants and other avian species. After oral application enrofloxacin was rapidly absorbed in quails, more rapidly than marbofloxacin. Pheasants absorbed both antimicrobials at a lower rate. Higher bioavailability was observed for marbofloxacin (118%). Relatively low bioavailability was established in quails for enrofloxacin (26.4%), accompanied by extensive conversion to ciprofloxacin. Generally, quails absorbed and eliminated both fluoroquinolones more rapidly than pheasants; the latter showed pharmacokinetics similar to poultry. Because of favourable pharmacokinetic properties, marbofloxacin should be preferred for oral administration in Japanese quails and pheasants for treatment of infections caused by equally susceptible pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Lashev
- a Department of Pharmacology, Physiology of Animals and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Trakia University , Stara Zagora , Bulgaria
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Haritova A, Dimitrova D, Dinev T, Moutafchieva R, Lashev L. Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin, Danofloxacin, and Marbofloxacin After Intravenous and Oral Administration in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J Avian Med Surg 2013; 27:23-31. [DOI: 10.1647/2011-032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dudhatra GB, Kumar A, Awale MM, Kamani DR, Chauhan BN, Patel HB, Mody SK. Determination of orbifloxacin in sheep plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after intravenous and intramuscular administration. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012; 67:50-3. [PMID: 23231925 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Single-dose pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin (2.5mg/kg body weight) were determined in clinically normal female Patanwadi sheep (n=6) following intravenous and intramuscular administration. METHODS Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The concentration-time data were analyzed by non-compartmental kinetic method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Following a single intravenous injection, an elimination half-life (t(1/2β)) of 8.31±0.102h. Steady-state volume of distribution (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl(B)) were 3.09±0.282L/kg and 0.158±0.006L/kg/h, respectively. Following intramuscular administration, an elimination rate constant (β), the area under the curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) and the mean absorption time (MAT) were 0.015±0.001h(-1), 23.49±1.722μg·h/mL and 7.50±0.58h, respectively. The peak plasma concentration (C(max)) of 1.81±0.005µg/mL was achieved at 1.00±0.00h. The mean residence time (MRT) was 26.25±1.083h and the absolute bioavailability was 150.8±12.35%, respectively. Orbifloxacin could be useful for the treatment of bacterial infections in sheep that are sensitive to this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Dudhatra
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India.
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Gebru E, Lee SJ, Kim JC, Park SC. Allometric scaling of orbifloxacin disposition in nine mammal species: a retrospective analysis. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:817-20. [PMID: 21233597 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and body weight (W) for orbifloxacin using reported pharmacokinetic data. The parameters of interest: clearance (Cl), volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) and elimination half-life were correlated across nine mammal species, including cattle, dog, rat, rabbit, goat, camel, horse, cat and sheep as a function of W using the conventional allometric equation Y = aW(b), where Y is the pharmacokinetic parameter, W is the body weight, a is the allometric coefficient (intercept) and b is the exponent that describes the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameter and W. Our estimates (Cl=4.40 W(1.03); Vss=1.10W(1.05)) indicated that the increase in these parameters with W approximates a linear power relationship with slopes being very close to one. Overall, the results of this study indicated that it is possible to use allometry to predict pharmacokinetic variables of orbifloxacin based on W of mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Gebru
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
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