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Wu X, Lin Z, Toney E, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Davis JL, Chen Q, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics, tissue residue depletion, and withdrawal interval estimations of florfenicol in goats following repeated subcutaneous administrations. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114098. [PMID: 37838212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in the U.S. to treat respiratory and enteric infections in goats in an extra-label manner, which requires scientifically based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for edible tissues. This study aimed to determine the depletion profiles for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in plasma and tissues samples and to estimate WDIs for goats following subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg florfenicol, twice, 96 h apart. The samples were collected up to 50 days after the second dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Three different pharmacostatistical methods with different operational tolerances were used to calculate WDIs. The plasma half-life was 101.80 h for florfenicol and 207.69 h for florfenicol amine after the second dose. Using the FDA tolerance limit method, WDIs were 202 and 101 days, while the EMA maximum residue limit method estimated 179 and 96 days for the respective tissue concentrations to fall below limits of detection (0.12 μg/g for liver and 0.05 μg/g for kidney). This study characterizes plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in goats following subcutaneous injections and reports estimated WDIs for food safety assessment of florfenicol in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Emily Toney
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Maaike O Clapham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Scott E Wetzlich
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Qiran Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Lin K, Wang R, Han T, Tan L, Yang X, Wan M, Chen Y, Zhao T, Jiang S, Wang J. Seasonal variation and ecological risk assessment of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) in a typical semi-enclosed bay - The Bohai Bay in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159682. [PMID: 36302405 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Bohai Bay as a typical semi-enclosed bay in northern China with poor water exchange capacity and significant coastal urbanization, is greatly influenced by land-based inputs and human activities. As a class of pseudo-persistent organic pollutants, the spatial and temporal distribution of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) is particularly important to the ecological environment, and it will be imperfect to assess the ecological risk of PPCPs for the lack of systematic investigation of their distribution in different season. 14 typical PPCPs were selected to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution in the Bohai Bay by combining online solid-phase extraction (SPE) and HPLC-MS/MS techniques in this study, and their ecological risks to aquatic organisms were assessed by risk quotients (RQs) and concentration addition (CA) model. It was found that PPCPs widely presented in the Bohai Bay with significant differences of spatial and seasonal distribution. The concentrations of ∑PPCPs were higher in autumn than in summer. The distribution of individual pollutants also showed significant seasonal differences. The high values were mainly distributed in estuaries and near-shore outfalls. Mariculture activities in the northern part of the Bohai Bay made a greater contribution to the input of PPCPs. Caffeine, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin were the main pollutants in the Bohai Bay, with detection frequencies exceeding 80 %. The ecological risk of PPCPs to algae was significantly higher than that to invertebrates and fish. CA model indicated that the potential mixture risk of total PPCPs was not negligible, with 34 % and 88 % of stations having mixture risk in summer and autumn, respectively. The temporary stagnation of productive life caused by Covid-19 weakened the input of PPCPs to the Bohai Bay, reducing the cumulative effects of the pollutants. This study was the first full-coverage investigation of PPCPs in the Bohai Bay for different seasons, providing an important basis for the ecological risk assessment and pollution prevention of PPCPs in the bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Tongzhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Bioresource and Environment Research Center, Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, The First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Liju Tan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mengmeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Gordon E, Cebra CK, Stang BV, Christensen JM, Alshahrani SM, Duong T, Huang R, Nosky B. Plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary disposition, and safety of subcutaneous gamithromycin in alpacas. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2022; 45:283-290. [PMID: 35170771 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The study objective was to determine the disposition of gamithromycin in plasma, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in alpacas. A single subcutaneous injection of gamithromycin (6.6 mg/kg) was administered to six healthy adult alpacas. At various time points after administration, gamithromycin concentrations were analyzed via LC-MS/MS in plasma, PMNs, PELF, and BAL cells until Day 14 post-injection. Plasma gamithromycin concentrations were measured in all six alpacas; the remaining three body compartments were analyzed in four alpacas. Gamithromycin rapidly concentrated in blood PMNs, BAL cells, and PELF. Shorter Tmax , and lower Cmax, and AUC were observed in plasma than in the other three compartments. Cmax was highest in BAL cells (26001.80 ± 12400.00 ng/ml) and PMNs (2573.00 ± 963.30 ng/ml) compared to PELF (660.80 ± 413.70 ng/ml) and plasma (452.30 ± 196.20 ng/ml). Mean terminal half-lives were 72.60 ± 14.10 h in plasma, 56.60 ± 10.60 h in PELF, 62.80 ± 85.30 h in PMNs, and 93.60 ± 124.80 h in BAL cells. No injection site reactions occurred. One alpaca developed colic but no other adverse reactions were noted. Overall, gamithromycin was highly concentrated in white blood cells and pulmonary fluids/cells. Clinical utilization of gamithromycin in alpacas should be done with caution until further investigation of potential for colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gordon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Christopher K Cebra
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Bernadette V Stang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - John Mark Christensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Thanh Duong
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merial Limited, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rose Huang
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merial Limited, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bruce Nosky
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merial Limited, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Po E, Allen MJ, Whitelock RG, Elsayed SH. Use of antimicrobial impregnated calcium sulphate beads in the surgical management of mandibular osteomyelitis in an 8‐year‐old huacaya alpaca. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Po
- Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Halleran JL, Minch R, Slyvester HJ, Jacob ME, Prange T, Baynes R, Foster DM. Comparison of the Intestinal Pharmacokinetics of Two Different Florfenicol Dosing Regimens and Its Impact on the Prevalence and Phenotypic Resistance of E. coli and Enterococcus over Time. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091835. [PMID: 34576730 PMCID: PMC8468023 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to mitigate the food animal sector's role in the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests the use of lower tier antimicrobials, such as florfenicol. Florfenicol has two dosing schemes used to treat primarily bovine respiratory disease. In this study, the objective was to characterize the plasma and gastrointestinal pharmacokinetics of each dosing regimen and assess the effect of these dosing regimens on the prevalence of resistant indicator bacteria over time. Twelve steers underwent abdominal surgery to facilitate the placement of ultrafiltration probes within the lumen of the ileum and colon, as well as placement of an interstitial probe. Following surgery, cattle were dosed with either 20 mg/kg IM every 48 h of florfenicol given twice (n = 6) or a single, subcutaneous dose (40 mg/kg, n = 6). Plasma, interstitial fluid, gastrointestinal ultrafiltrate, and feces were collected. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated high penetration of florfenicol within the gastrointestinal tract for both the high and low dose group (300%, 97%, respectively). There was no significant difference noted between dosing groups in proportion or persistence of phenotypically resistant bacterial isolates; however, the percent of resistant isolates was high throughout the study period. The recommendation for the use of a lower tier antimicrobial, such as florfenicol, may allow for the persistence of co-resistance for antibiotics of high regulatory concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Halleran
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryker Minch
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Hannah J. Slyvester
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Megan E. Jacob
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Timo Prange
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA;
| | - Ronald Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
| | - Derek M. Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (R.M.); (H.J.S.); (M.E.J.); (R.B.); (D.M.F.)
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Lopez B. Approach to veterinary management of adult camelids. IN PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/inpr.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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San Martín B, Fresno M, Cornejo J, Godoy M, Ibarra R, Vidal R, Araneda M, Anadón A, Lapierre L. Optimization of florfenicol dose against Piscirickettsia salmonis in Salmo salar through PK/PD studies. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215174. [PMID: 31083666 PMCID: PMC6513110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS) is the disease of greatest economic importance in the Chilean salmon farming industry, causing high mortality in fish during the final stage of their productive cycle at sea. Since current, commercially available vaccines have not demonstrated the expected efficacy levels, antimicrobials, most commonly florfenicol, are still the main resource for the treatment and control of this pathogen. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate single dose of florfenicol, administered through medicated feed, for the treatment of Piscirickettsia salmonis (P. salmonis), using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models. Previously, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of florfenicol were determined for 87 P. salmonis isolates in order to define the epidemiological cut-off point (COWT). The most commonly observed MIC was 0.125 μg mL-1 (83.7%). The COWT value was 0.25 μg mL-1 with a standard deviation of 0.47 log2 μg mL-1 and 0.36 log2 μg mL-1, for Normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) method and ECOFFinder method, respectively. A MIC of 1 μg mL-1 was considered the pharmacodynamic value (PD) to define PK/PD indices. Three doses of florfenicol were evaluated in fish farmed under controlled conditions. For each dose, 150 fish were used and blood plasma samples were collected at different time points (0–48 hours). PK parameters were obtained from curves representing plasma concentrations as a function of time. The results of Monte Carlo simulation indicate that at a dose of 20 mg/Kg l.w. of florfenicol, administered orally as medicated feed, there is 100% probability (PTA) of achieving the desired efficacy (AUC0-24h/MIC>125). According to these results, we suggest that at the indicated dose, the PK/PD cut-off point for florfenicol versus P. salmonis could be 2 μg mL-1 (PTA = 99%). In order to assess the indicated dose in Atlantic salmon, fish were inoculated with P. salmonis LF-89 strain and then treated with the optimized dose of florfenicol, 20 mg/Kg bw for 15 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty San Martín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Fresno
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Veterinaria, Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad Alimentaria, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Aplicadas (CIBA), Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | - Roberto Vidal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Arturo Anadón
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad Alimentaria, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Balcomb CC, Angelos JA, Chigerwe M, Byrne BA, Lane VM, Wetzlich SE, Sahin O, Holler L, Zhang S, Tell LA. Comparative pharmacokinetics of two florfenicol formulations following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to sheep. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:107-114. [PMID: 29287162 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.1.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of 2 commercial florfenicol formulations following IM and SC administration to sheep. ANIMALS 16 healthy adult mixed-breed sheep. PROCEDURES In a crossover study, sheep were randomly assigned to receive florfenicol formulation A or B at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, IM, or 40 mg/kg, SC. After a 2-week washout period, each sheep was administered the opposite formulation at the same dose and administration route as the initial formulation. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after each florfenicol administration. Plasma florfenicol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods and compared between the 2 formulations at each dose and route of administration. RESULTS Median maximum plasma concentration, elimination half-life, and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable measurement for florfenicol were 3.76 μg/mL, 13.44 hours, and 24.88 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 7.72 μg/mL, 5.98 hours, and 41.53 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 20 mg of florfenicol/kg, IM, and 2.63 μg/mL, 12.48 hours, and 31.63 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 4.70 μg/mL, 16.60 hours, and 48.32 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 40 mg of florfenicol/kg, SC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both formulations achieved plasma florfenicol concentrations expected to be therapeutic for respiratory tract disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella spp at both doses and administration routes evaluated.
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Shah JM, Qureshi TA, Shah T, Shah QA, Arain MA, Bhutto ZA, Saeed M, Siyal FA. Impact of therapeutic and high doses of florfenicol on kidney and liver functional indicators in goat. Vet World 2016; 9:1135-1140. [PMID: 27847425 PMCID: PMC5104724 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1135-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of therapeutic and high doses of florfenicol on kidney and liver functional indicators in goat species. Materials and Methods: Six mature, healthy goats (combine breed and sex) with average weight 25 kg were selected for this study. The therapeutic (20 mg/kg b.w.) and high doses (40 and 60 mg) of florfenicol were administered for 3 days with 24 h interval. Blood samples were collected at 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h following the each administered dose. Results: The results showed that the therapeutic dose of florfenicol produced nonsignificant effect on serum urea, creatinine, total protein (TP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and bilirubin on all timings, and increased (p<0.05) the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels for 48 h. Whereas the high doses of florfenicol (40 and 60 mg) significantly altered the kidney and liver functional indicators in the blood. In contrast with control, the serum urea level was (p<0.01) increased at all timing points. Creatinine values were altered (p<0.01, <0.05) in increasing manner from 24 to 96 h. The high dose of 40 mg decreased the TP (p<0.05) for 72 h and 60 mg persisted same effect (p<0.01) up to 120 h. The indices of ALP, GGT, SGOT, and SGPT were raised (p<0.01, <0.05) at all timings. The bilirubin indexes also (p<0.05) elevated from 48 to 72. Conclusion: It was concluded that the high doses of florfenicol produced reversible dose-dependent effects on functional indicators of kidney and liver such as urea, creatinine, TP, ALP, SGOT, SGPT, GGT, and bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Muhammad Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Toufique Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Tahmina Shah
- Department of Dairy Technology, Baqai College of Veterinary Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Zohaib Ahmed Bhutto
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 3800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Farman Ali Siyal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sind Agriculture University Tandojam, Pakistan
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Shah JM, Qureshi TA, Sayed T, Shah QA, Kalhoro IB, Arain MA, Saeed M, Siyal FA, Bhutto ZA. Evaluation of Therapeutic and High Doses of Florfenicol on Some
Hematological Indexes in Goat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2016.637.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Foster DM, Martin LG, Papich MG. Comparison of Active Drug Concentrations in the Pulmonary Epithelial Lining Fluid and Interstitial Fluid of Calves Injected with Enrofloxacin, Florfenicol, Ceftiofur, or Tulathromycin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149100. [PMID: 26872361 PMCID: PMC4752255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial pneumonia is the most common reason for parenteral antimicrobial administration to beef cattle in the United States. Yet there is little information describing the antimicrobial concentrations at the site of action. The objective of this study was to compare the active drug concentrations in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and interstitial fluid of four antimicrobials commonly used in cattle. After injection, plasma, interstitial fluid, and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid concentrations and protein binding were measured to determine the plasma pharmacokinetics of each drug. A cross-over design with six calves per drug was used. Following sample collection and drug analysis, pharmacokinetic calculations were performed. For enrofloxacin and metabolite ciprofloxacin, the interstitial fluid concentration was 52% and 78% of the plasma concentration, while pulmonary fluid concentrations was 24% and 40% of the plasma concentration, respectively. The pulmonary concentrations (enrofloxacin + ciprofloxacin combined) exceeded the MIC90 of 0.06 μg/mL at 48 hours after administration. For florfenicol, the interstitial fluid concentration was almost 98% of the plasma concentration, and the pulmonary concentrations were over 200% of the plasma concentrations, exceeding the breakpoint (≤ 2 μg/mL), and the MIC90 for Mannheimia haemolytica (1.0 μg/mL) for the duration of the study. For ceftiofur, penetration to the interstitial fluid was only 5% of the plasma concentration. Pulmonary epithelial lining fluid concentration represented 40% of the plasma concentration. Airway concentrations exceeded the MIC breakpoint for susceptible respiratory pathogens (≤ 2 μg/mL) for a short time at 48 hours after administration. The plasma and interstitial fluid concentrations of tulathromcyin were lower than the concentrations in pulmonary fluid throughout the study. The bronchial concentrations were higher than the plasma or interstitial concentrations, with over 900% penetration to the airways. Despite high diffusion into the bronchi, the tulathromycin concentrations achieved were lower than the MIC of susceptible bacteria at most time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M. Foster
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Luke G. Martin
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Papich
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Shao Y, Gao N, Chu W, Chen J, Li S, Wang Y, Xu S. Chlorination of florfenicol (FF): reaction kinetics, influencing factors and by-products formation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23342b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF) is a widely used antibiotic, which is commonly found in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yisheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
- China Academy of Urban Planning and Design
| | - Naiyun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Wenhai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Juxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
| | - Shuaixian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Reuse
- Tongji University
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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Pentecost RL, Niehaus AJ, Werle N, Lakritz J. Absorption and disposition of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous dosing in alpacas. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:199-203. [PMID: 25744433 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to define disposition and systemic availability of florfenicol in alpacas. Administration of 20 mg/kg doses to 8 male alpacas by i.v., i.m. and s.c. routes was performed by randomized, 3-way crossover design. Clearance and steady state volumes (Vdss) after i.v. injection were 5 ml/min/kg and 775 ml/kg respectively. Mean residence time (MRT) and terminal phase half-life (T1/2λz) were 2.8 h and 2 h respectively. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) after i.m. were higher than s.c. administration (p = 0.034). After s.c. dosing, T1/2λz and MRT were greater than after i.m. injection (p < 0.001; p = 0.006 respectively). Mean absorption time (MAT) after s.c. dosing was also prolonged (p = 0.006). Fractional absorption of florfenicol after i.m. and s.c. was not different (p > 0.05). Serum florfenicol concentrations remained >1.0 µg/ml for 20 h after i.m. dosing. Differences in rate and extent of florfenicol absorption after extravascular dosing could influence therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pentecost
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew J Niehaus
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas Werle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lakritz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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14
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Cox S, Sommardahl C, Seddighi R, Videla R, Hayes J, Pistole N, Hamill M, Doherty T. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and subcutaneous cefovecin in alpacas. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:344-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Cox
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - C. Sommardahl
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - R. Seddighi
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - R. Videla
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - J. Hayes
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - N. Pistole
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - M. Hamill
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - T. Doherty
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
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15
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Yu ZG, Geng ZX, Liu TF, Jiang F. In vitro
and in vivo
evaluation of an in situ
forming gel system for sustained delivery of Florfenicol. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 38:271-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-G. Yu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - Z.-X. Geng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - T.-F. Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
| | - F. Jiang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu Province China
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16
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Pentecost RL, Niehaus AJ, Werle NA, Lakritz J. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:594-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Matar AJ, Crepeau RL, Pathiraja V, Robson S, Fishman JA, Spitzer TR, Sachs DH, Huang CA, Duran-Struuck R. Effects of mobilization regimens in donors on outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation in miniature Swine. Comp Med 2012; 62:487-494. [PMID: 23561882 PMCID: PMC3527753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Toxicities and complications associated with hematopoietic cell transplantation currently limit this potentially curative therapy for malignant and nonmalignant blood disorders. Miniature swine provide a clinically relevant model for studies to improve posttransplantation outcomes. Miniature swine recipients of high-dose haploidentical hepatopoietic cell transplantation after reduced-intensity conditioning consisting of low-dose (100 cGy) total-body irradiation, partial T-cell depletion by using a CD3 immunotoxin, and a 45-d course of cyclosporine A typically successfully engraft without graft-versus-host disease. We recently observed broad variability in engraftment outcomes that correlates with the occurrence of adverse reactions in donors after cytokine treatment to mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood for collection. Haploidentical recipients (n = 16) of cells from donors remaining healthy during cytokine treatment engrafted with multilineage chimerism, did not develop graft-versus-host disease, and did not require any blood products. In comparison, identically conditioned recipients of cells from donors that had severe reactions during cytokine treatment had adverse outcomes, including the development of clinically significant thrombocytopenia requiring blood product support in 8 of 11 swine. Furthermore, all 11 recipients lost peripheral blood myeloid chimerism (indicating lack of engraftment of donor stem cells). These data suggest that posttransplantation complications in swine are influenced by the health status of the donor before and during the collection of hematopoietic cells by leukapheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Robson
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jay A Fishman
- Infectious Disease Division, and Transplant Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
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