1
|
Mohammad Yousof S, Erfan H, Mohamed Hosny M, Shehata SA, El-sayed K. Subacute Toxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles oral Administration and Withdrawal on the Structure and Function of Adult Albino Rats’ Hepatic Tissue. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3890-3898. [PMID: 35844407 PMCID: PMC9280256 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Products containing Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are becoming vastly used in our daily life. The widespread increased introduction of Ag NPs in many aspects of life has raised researchers' concerns regarding their safety and toxicity for biological and environmental life in the past few years. The current study aimed to explore the subsequent effects of Ag NPs withdrawal, following short-term oral administration. Eighteen rats were assigned randomly into three groups (control group "1" and AG NPs treated groups "2" and "3"; 6 animals each). The control group received normal food and tap water while groups 2 & 3 received 0.5 ml of a solution containing 25 ppm Ag NPs for 14 days. Group 2 rats were sacrificed on day 14 whereas group 3 was left for another 14 days of particle cessation followed by euthanasia on day 28. Functional assessment was done by liver enzyme assays, hydrogen peroxide activity, hepatic Bdnf expression, and P53 immunoreactivity. Hepatic tissue structural assessment was done via hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff as well as Masson's trichrome stains. The results revealed a significant elevation of Hydrogen peroxide in group 2 only compared to the control group. Hepatic Bdnf and liver enzymes were both insignificantly affected. Structural abnormalities and enhanced apoptosis in hepatic tissue were found 14 days after ceasing the nanoparticles. In conclusion: Structural and functional insults following Ag NPs oral administration continues after particle withdrawal, and interestingly they do not necessitate apparent reflection on liver enzyme assays.
Collapse
|
2
|
Phosphorylation of p53 Serine 15 Is a Predictor of Survival for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 2019:9015453. [PMID: 30881947 PMCID: PMC6383407 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9015453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant cancers with a poor prognosis. Several commonly investigated immunohistochemical markers in resected HCC have potential prognostic value, but the prognostic utility of p53 expression in HCC has remained elusive. AIM To evaluate the prognostic value of p53 and p53 phosphorylation at serine 15 (p53 Ser15-P) in patients with HCC. METHODS Surgically resected tumors from 199 HCC patients were analyzed for p21, p53, p53 Ser15-P, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Stratifying by the expression of p53 Ser15-P (P = 0.016), but not by p53 (P = 0.301), revealed significantly different survival outcomes in patients with HCC. Moreover, our analysis demonstrated that patients who were PCNA-positive and p53 Ser15-P-negative had significantly worse survival outcomes (P = 0.001) than patients who were PCNA-positive and p53 Ser15-P-positive. CONCLUSIONS P53 Ser15-P is associated with poor outcomes in patients with HCC, and this prognostic marker is useful for predicting the survival of patients with PCNA-positive HCC.
Collapse
|
3
|
Helbig D, Ihle MA, Pütz K, Tantcheva-Poor I, Mauch C, Büttner R, Quaas A. Oncogene and therapeutic target analyses in atypical fibroxanthomas and pleomorphic dermal sarcomas. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21763-74. [PMID: 26943575 PMCID: PMC5008321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now, almost nothing is known about the tumorigenesis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS). Our hypothesis is that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed the world-wide most comprehensive immunohistochemical and mutational analysis in well-defined AFX (n=5) and PDS (n=5). RESULTS In NGS-based mutation analyses of selected regions by a 17 hotspot gene panel of 102 amplicons we could detect TP53 mutations in all PDS as well as in the only analyzed AFX and PDS of the same patient. Besides, we detected mutations in the CDKN2A, HRAS, KNSTRN and PIK3CA genes.Performing immunohistochemistry for CTNNB1, KIT, CDK4, c-MYC, CTLA-4, CCND1, EGFR, EPCAM, ERBB2, IMP3, INI-1, MKI67, MDM2, MET, p40, TP53, PD-L1 and SOX2 overexpression of TP53, CCND1 and CDK4 was seen in AFX as well as in PDS. IMP3 was upregulated in 2 AFX (weak staining) and 4 PDS (strong staining).FISH analyses for the genes FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3 revealed negative results in all tumors. CONCLUSIONS UV-induced TP53 mutations as well as CCND1/CDK4 changes seem to play essential roles in tumorigenesis of PDS. Furthermore, we found some more interesting mutated genes in other oncogene pathways (activating mutations of HRAS and PIK3CA). All AFX and PDS investigated immunohistochemically presented with similar oncogene expression profiles (TP53, CCND1, CDK4 overexpression) and the single case with an AFX and PDS showed complete identical TP53 and PIK3CA mutation profiles in both tumors. This reinforces our hypothesis that AFX is the non-infiltrating precursor lesion of PDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Helbig
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Pütz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia Mauch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Li W, Deng M, Liu D, Ma Q, Feng X. Immunohistochemical Determination of p53 Protein Overexpression for Predicting p53 Gene Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159636. [PMID: 27428001 PMCID: PMC4948819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether increased expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53 indicates a p53 gene mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether p53 protein overexpression detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) offers a diagnostic prediction for p53 gene mutations in HCC patients. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted with an end date of December 2015. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of IHC-determined p53 protein overexpression in the prediction of p53 gene mutations in HCC. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also conducted. RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that the overall sensitivity and specificity for IHC-determined p53 overexpression in the diagnostic prediction of p53 mutations in HCC were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.71-0.76), respectively. The summary positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 2.65 (95% CI: 2.21-3.18) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.26-0.50), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of IHC-determined p53 overexpression in predicting p53 mutations ranged from 0.56 to 105.00 (pooled, 9.77; 95% CI: 6.35-15.02), with significant heterogeneity between the included studies (I2 = 40.7%, P = 0.0067). Moreover, subgroup and sensitivity analyses did not alter the results of the meta-analysis. However, potential publication bias was present in the current meta-analysis. CONCLUSION The upregulation of the tumor suppressor protein p53 was indeed linked to p53 gene mutations. IHC determination of p53 overexpression can predict p53 gene mutations in HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XF)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Dechun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Cancer Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, PR China
- * E-mail: (JL); (XF)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsujikawa H, Masugi Y, Yamazaki K, Itano O, Kitagawa Y, Sakamoto M. Immunohistochemical molecular analysis indicates hepatocellular carcinoma subgroups that reflect tumor aggressiveness. Hum Pathol 2015; 50:24-33. [PMID: 26997435 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Histopathologic parameters and molecular markers are widely accepted as useful predictors of tumor aggressiveness in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few studies have analyzed immunohistochemical profiles comprehensively in one series, a fact that has resulted in fragmentation of information that could be applied in clinical practice. We conducted immunohistochemical expression analysis of biliary/stem cell markers (cytokeratin 19, sal-like protein 4, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, and CD133), Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related molecules (β-catenin and glutamine synthetase), p53, and cell proliferation markers (Ki-67 and mitosis) in 162 HCCs surgically resected from 142 patients and analyzed the results with respect to clinicopathological features. Immunohistochemical analysis broadly identified 3 groups: the biliary/stem cell marker-positive group, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related marker-positive group, and the biliary/stem cell marker-negative and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related marker-negative group. p53 was frequently positive in the biliary/stem cell marker-positive group, but it was rarely positive in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related marker-positive group. The biliary/stem cell marker-positive group exhibited poor tumor differentiation, increased frequency of portal vein invasion and/or intrahepatic metastasis, and highly proliferative activity. In contrast, the biliary/stem cell marker-negative and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related marker-negative group exhibited better tumor differentiation, a decreased frequency of portal vein invasion and/or intrahepatic metastasis, and less proliferative activity. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related marker-positive group showed neither tendency. The biliary/stem cell marker-positive group had the shortest time to recurrence among the 3 groups. Immunohistochemical profiling of HCC reflects tumor aggressiveness and suggests the potential efficacy of immunohistochemistry-based subclassification of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Tsujikawa
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Itano
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michiie Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jing H, Zhang G, Meng L, Meng Q, Mo H, Tai Y. Gradually elevated expression of Gankyrin during human hepatocarcinogenesis and its clinicopathological significance. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5503. [PMID: 24999092 PMCID: PMC4083285 DOI: 10.1038/srep05503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gankyrin is an important oncoprotein that is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the gradual alteration of Gankyrin in successive stages during human HCC development and the mechanism of Gankyrin-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the pattern and level of Gankyrin protein expression using immunohistochemistry in various liver tissues, including normal liver, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, adenomatous hyperplasia (AH), and HCC tissues, to analyze its clinicopathological significance. Furthermore, we stably transfected the shRNA-Gan vector, which targets human Gankyrin, into HepG2 cells to assess the role of Gankyrin in cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. The expression level of Gankyrin in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and whole cell was gradually elevated during consecutive stages of hepatocarcinogenesis. The nuclear Gankyrin level in AH was significantly higher than that in normal liver, chronic hepatitis, and cirrhotic tissues. The cytoplasmic, nuclear, and total cellular Gankyrin expression levels in HCC were significantly correlated with capsular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis. Silencing Gankyrin expression using shRNA-Gan repressed tumor cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that Gankyrin is aberrantly expressed beginning at the initiation stage and plays an important role in the initiation, promotion, and progression of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Jing
- 1] Department of Pathology, the General Hospital, Jinan Military Command, Jinan, China [2]
| | - Guoming Zhang
- 1] Department of Cardiology, the General Hospital, Jinan Military Command, Jinan, China [2]
| | - Lingsheng Meng
- Laboratory Department, the Sixth Hospital of Jinan, Zhangqiu, China
| | - Qingda Meng
- Laboratory Department, the Sixth Hospital of Jinan, Zhangqiu, China
| | - Haiying Mo
- Department of Pathology, Zaozhuang Hospital, Zaozhuang Mining Group, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yanhong Tai
- Department of Pathology, the General Hospital, Jinan Military Command, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takai A, Dang HT, Wang XW. Identification of drivers from cancer genome diversity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:11142-60. [PMID: 24955791 PMCID: PMC4100204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150611142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with a dismal outcome. The complicated molecular pathogenesis of HCC caused by tumor heterogeneity makes it difficult to identify druggable targets useful for treating HCC patients. One approach that has a potential for the improvement of patient prognosis is the identification of cancer driver genes that play a critical role in the development of HCC. Recent technological advances of high-throughput methods, such as gene expression profiles, DNA copy number alterations and somatic mutations, have expanded our understanding of the comprehensive genetic profiles of HCC. Integrative analysis of these omics profiles enables us to classify the molecular subgroups of HCC patients. As each subgroup classified according to genetic profiles has different clinical features, such as recurrence rate and prognosis, the tumor subclassification tools are useful in clinical practice. Furthermore, a global genetic analysis, including genome-wide RNAi functional screening, makes it possible to identify cancer vulnerable genes. Identification of common cancer driver genes in HCC leads to the development of an effective molecular target therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takai
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Hien T Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Xin W Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ji YN, Wang Q, Xue J. TP53 immunohistochemical expression is associated with the poor outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:1653-9. [PMID: 24078450 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies examined the relationship between p53 expression with the clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but yielded conflicting results. Electronic databases updated to July 2013 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between p53 expression and survival of patients with HCC. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. We performed a meta-analysis of 24 studies that evaluated the correlation between p53 expression and survival in patients with HCC. Combined hazard ratios suggested that p53 expression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) (HR (hazard ratio) = 1.55, 95 % CI (confidence interval) 1.36-1.74) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.21-1.88) in patients with HCC. No significant heterogeneity was observed among 20 studies for OS (P = 0.786) and among 11 studies for DFS (P = 0.698). P53 expression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhan P, Ji YN. Prognostic significance of TP53 expression for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2014; 3:11-7. [PMID: 24696834 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies evaluated the relationship between p53 expression and the clinical outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but yielded conflicting results. METHODS Electronic databases updated to Dec 2013 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between p53 expression and survival of patients with HCC. Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of 24 studies that evaluated the correlation between p53 expression and survival in patients with HCC. Combined hazard ratios (HRs) suggested that p53 expression had an unfavorable impact on overall survival (OS) [HR =1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.40-1.85], and disease free survival (DFS) (HR =1.57, 95% CI: 1.26-1.87) in patients with HCC. CONCLUSIONS p53 expression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhan
- 1 First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ji
- 1 First Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing Chest Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lyra-González I, Flores-Fong LE, González-García I, Medina-Preciado D, Armendáriz-Borunda J. Adenoviral gene therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a review. Hepatol Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-012-9367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
11
|
Liu J, Ma Q, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhang D, Li W, Wang F, Wu E. Alterations of TP53 are associated with a poor outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2328-38. [PMID: 22459764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of p53 aberration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide comprehensive evidence on the association of p53 alterations with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted until July 2010. Meta-analysis was performed to estimate prognostic effects of p53 alterations on patient outcomes in HCC. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted in the meta-analysis. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies (7 tumour p53 mutation, 23 tumour p53 expression and 7 serum anti-p53 antibodies) were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The average percentages of p53 mutation, p53 expression upregulation and anti-p53 antibody level elevation in HCC patients were 31.5%, 35.0% and 23.8%, respectively. Tumour p53 alterations were associated significantly with poor patient outcomes in HCC: the summary hazard ratio (HR) of mutant p53 versus wild type p53 phenotype was 2.58 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96-3.41] for OS and 3.19 [95% CI: 2.21-4.60] for RFS, respectively; and the summary HR of upregulated p53 expression versus low/undetectable p53 expression was 1.68 [95% CI: 1.49-1.90] for OS and 1.89 [95% CI: 1.34-2.66] for RFS, respectively. However, elevated serum anti-p53 antibody was only associated with poor OS in HCC group with a high proportion of (≥ 50%) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.30-2.85]. Moreover, sensitivity analyses showed that the results of meta-analyses were not altered. CONCLUSION HCC patients with p53 mutation and upregulated expression in tumour tissue have a shorter OS and RFS than patients with wild type p53 and low/undetectable p53 expression. However, the prognostic value of serum anti-p53 antibody is required to be further examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lim SO, Park YM, Kim HS, Quan X, Yoo JE, Park YN, Choi GH, Jung G. Notch1 differentially regulates oncogenesis by wildtype p53 overexpression and p53 mutation in grade III hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2011; 53:1352-62. [PMID: 21480340 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The tumor suppressor p53 is a key prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet only 35% of grade III tumors exhibit mutation of p53. Several other pathways have been implicated in HCC and, among these, the role of the Notch1/Snail pathway remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the expression of p53, Notch1, and Snail proteins in HCC with regard to both clinical grade and p53 mutational status. Immunoblotting for p53 revealed that, whereas in many tumors increased p53 was a result of p53 mutation, wildtype p53 (p53WT) expression was also frequently elevated in HCCs. Coordinated evaluation of p53, Notch1, and Snail expression suggests that grade III HCC can be subdivided based on the expression of these three proteins. We found that Notch1 expression in HCC tissues and cell lines is differentially affected by p53WT and mutant p53 (p53Mut). Notch1 expression was correlated with p53 expression in cells expressing p53WT, but was not elevated in p53Mut-expressing cells. Virally mediated expression or silencing of p53WT or p53Mut confirmed that p53WT overexpression causes Notch1 up-regulation in HCC. Surprisingly, the consequence of Notch1 overexpression for the proliferative and invasive capacity of HCC cells depends on both the p53 mutational status and activation of the Snail pathway. CONCLUSION In the presence of p53WT, Snail/Notch1 activation increased the invasiveness of HCC cells. In contrast, in the absence of p53WT, Notch1 decreased the invasiveness of HCC. Taken together, these findings shed new light on the complex role of the Notch1/Snail axis in HCC and provide a framework for further classifying HCC based on the expression and mutational status of p53 and the expression of Notch1 and Snail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Oe Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Attard G, Rizzo S, Ledaki I, Clark J, Reid AHM, Thompson A, Khoo V, de Bono JS, Cooper CS, Hudson DL. A novel, spontaneously immortalized, human prostate cancer cell line, Bob, offers a unique model for pre-clinical prostate cancer studies. Prostate 2009; 69:1507-20. [PMID: 19544327 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New in vitro models of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are urgently required. METHODS Trans-rectal needle biopsies (TRBP) of the prostate were performed for research purposes on progressing CRPC patients who had not received prior treatment to the prostate. Biopsies were immediately digested with collagenase and plated onto collagen-coated flasks with a feeder layer of 3T6 cells and cultured in cytokine-supplemented keratinocyte serum-free medium. RESULTS Biopsies from 25 patients were collected and one of these, following an initial period of crisis, spontaneously immortalized. A series of cell lines called Bob were then established from a clone that survived CD133-selection followed by 4 weeks under adhesion-independent conditions in methylcellulose. Gains and losses previously described in clinical prostate tumors, most notably loss of 8(p) and gain of 8(q), were identified on comparative genomic hybridization and long-term growth in culture, survival in methylcellulose and invasion through matrigel confirmed the malignant phenotype of Bob. Furthermore, Bob expressed high levels of p53 and markers of early differentiation, including K8, prostatic acid phosphatase and prostate stem cell antigen. There was, however, no in vivo growth and ERG and ETV1 were not rearranged. Growth in serum permitted some differentiation. CONCLUSION This is the first spontaneously immortalized prostate cancer cell line to be established from a TRBP of a patient with CRPC. Bob is a novel pre-clinical model for functional studies in CRPC and especially for studying the CRPC "basal" phenotype.
Collapse
|
14
|
Umemura A, Itoh Y, Itoh K, Yamaguchi K, Nakajima T, Higashitsuji H, Onoue H, Fukumoto M, Okanoue T, Fujita J. Association of gankyrin protein expression with early clinical stages and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2008; 47:493-502. [PMID: 18161051 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Gankyrin (also known as PSMD10) is a liver oncoprotein that interacts with multiple proteins including MDM2 and accelerates degradation of the tumor suppressors p53 and Rb. We produced a monoclonal anti-gankyrin antibody and immunohistochemically assessed the clinicopathological significance of gankyrin overexpression in 43 specimens of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Specific cytoplasmic staining for gankyrin was observed in 62.8% (27/43) of HCCs, which was significantly associated with low TNM stage (P = 0.004), no capsular invasion (P = 0.018), no portal venous invasion (P = 0.008), and no intrahepatic metastasis (P = 0.012). The cumulative survival rate of patients with gankyrin-positive HCC was significantly higher than that with gankyrin-negative HCC (P = 0.037). p53 and MDM2 were positively stained by antibodies in 30.2% and 23.3%, respectively, of HCCs, but neither was inversely associated with gankyrin expression. In the Huh-7 human HCC cell line, overexpression of gankyrin up-regulated expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5), whereas suppression of gankyrin expression by siRNA down-regulated it. Supression of IGFBP-5 expression inhibited proliferation of Huh-7 cells as well as U-2 OS osteosarcoma cells. In HCC specimens, positive staining for IGFBP-5 was observed by immunohistochemistry in 41.9% (18/43), and the level of expression was significantly correlated with that of gankyrin (rho = 0.629, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggest that gankyrin plays an oncogenic role(s) mainly at the early stages of human hepatocarcinogenesis, and that IGFBP-5 inducible by gankyrin overexpression may be involved in it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Umemura
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ryu MH, Kang YK, Jang SJ, Kim TW, Lee H, Kim JS, Park YH, Lee SS, Ryoo BY, Chang HM, Lee JL, Yook JH, Kim BS, Lee JS. Prognostic significance of p53 gene mutations and protein overexpression in localized gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology 2007; 51:379-89. [PMID: 17727479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02797.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mutation of c-kit is a relatively early event in the tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs). The aim was to determine the prognostic significance of p53 alterations as an additional genetic change in GISTs. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed 125 patients with localized GISTs subjected to complete resection between 1990 and 2002. Mutational analyses of c-kit exons 9, 11, 13 and 17, p53 exons 4-8 and immunohistochemistry for p53 protein were conducted using paraffin-embedded tissues. Alterations of p53 were observed in 50 patients (40.0%). Based on the National Institutes of Health's risk category, p53 alterations were noted more frequently in the higher risk categories (P = 0.041). With a median follow-up of 56.5 months (range: 2.3-126.8), 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were 61.7% without p53 alterations, compared with only 40.2% with p53 alterations (P = 0.009). Multivariate analysis indicated that p53 alterations comprised an independent, poor prognostic factor for RFS, in addition to c-kit mutations, large size, a high mitotic count and non-gastric primary sites. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in p53 were more commonly observed in localized GISTs at higher risk of relapse. This suggests that they are significant as an independent, poor prognostic factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guzman G, Alagiozian-Angelova V, Layden-Almer JE, Layden TJ, Testa G, Benedetti E, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Cotler SJ. p53, Ki-67, and serum alpha feto-protein as predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in liver transplant patients. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:1498-503. [PMID: 16007066 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who undergo orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) are at risk for post-transplant tumor recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether expression of p53 and Ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma lesions present in explanted liver tissue was associated with time to tumor recurrence after OLT. Subjects consisted of 20 consecutive patients who underwent OLT and were found to have hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver explant. Immunostaining for p53 and Ki-67 was performed by standard methods. The presence of nuclear immunostaining in >10% of the tumor tissue was considered positive. Time to recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after OLT was compared between patients with positive and negative immunostaining by the log rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox regression model to control for potentially confounding clinical factors. Time to post-transplant hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence was significantly more rapid in p53+ (P=0.0007) and Ki-67+ cases (P=0.001). These associations remained significant in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, time to recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly shorter in patients with a serum alpha feto-protein (AFP) level >or=100 ng/ml at time of diagnosis, compared to those with an AFP level <100 ng/ml (P=0.003). In conclusion, expression of p53 and Ki-67 in hepatocellular carcinoma lesions, and a serum AFP level >or=100 ng/ml were associated with more rapid recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after OLT. Identification of patients at risk for early post-transplant recurrence could be used to guide surveillance and adjuvant treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Guzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago Medical Center (UICMC), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|