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Dual Effects of Let-7b in the Early Stage of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.01800-20. [PMID: 33208444 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01800-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA let-7b expression is induced by infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is involved in the regulation of HCV replication by directly targeting the HCV genome. The current study demonstrated that let-7b directly targets negative regulators of type I interferon (IFN) signaling thereby limiting HCV replication in the early stage of HCV infection. Let-7b-regulated genes which are involved in host cellular responses to HCV infection were unveiled by microarray profiling and bioinformatic analyses, followed by various molecular and cellular assays using Huh7 cells expressing wild-type (WT) or the seed region-mutated let-7b. Let-7b targeted the cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein, a negative regulator of JAK/STAT signaling, which then enhanced STAT1-Y701 phosphorylation leading to increased expression of the downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Let-7b augmented retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) signaling, but not MDA5, to phosphorylate and nuclear translocate IRF3 leading to increased expression of IFN-β. Let-7b directly targeted the ATG12 and IκB kinase alpha (IKKα) transcripts and reduced the interaction of the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate and RIG-I leading to increased expression of IFN, which may further stimulate JAK/STAT signaling. Let-7b induced by HCV infection elicits dual effects on IFN expression and signaling, along with targeting the coding sequences of NS5B and 5' UTR of the HCV genome, and limits HCV RNA accumulation in the early stage of HCV infection. Controlling let-7b expression is thereby crucial in the intervention of HCV infection.IMPORTANCE HCV is a leading cause of liver disease, with an estimated 71 million people infected worldwide. During HCV infection, type I interferon (IFN) signaling displays potent antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Host factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play a role in upregulating IFN signaling to limit HCV replication. Let-7b is a liver-abundant miRNA that is induced by HCV infection and targets the HCV genome to suppress HCV RNA accumulation. In this study, we demonstrated that let-7b, as a positive regulator of type I IFN signaling, plays dual roles against HCV replication by increasing the expression of IFN and interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE)-driven interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the early stage of HCV infection. This study sheds new insight into understanding the role of let-7b in combatting HCV infection. Clarifying IFN signaling regulated by miRNA during the early phase of HCV infection may help researchers understand the initial defense mechanisms to other RNA viruses.
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Geng Y, Shen F, Wu W, Zhang L, Luo L, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. First demonstration of giant panda's immune response to canine distemper vaccine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103489. [PMID: 31473266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a high fatal virus to the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), where CDV vaccination is a key preventative measure in captive giant pandas. However, the immune response of giant pandas to CDV vaccination has been little studied. In this study, we investigated the blood transcriptome expression profiles of five giant panda cubs after three inoculations, 21 days apart. Blood samples were collected before vaccination (0 Day), and 24 h after each of the three inoculations; defined here as 1 Day, 21 Day, and 42 Day. Compared to 0 Day, we obtained 1262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during inoculations. GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis of these DEGs found 222 GO terms and 40 pathways. The maximum immune-related terms were enriched by DEGs from comparisons of 21 Day and 0 Day. In the PPI analysis, we identified RSAD2, IL18, ISG15 immune-related hub genes from 1 Day and 21 Day comparison. Compared to 0 Day, innate immune-related genes, TLR4 and TLR8, were up-regulated at 1 Day, and the expressions of IRF1, RSAD2, MX1, and OAS2 were highest at 21 Day. Of the adaptive immune-related genes, IL15, promoting T cell differentiation into CD8+T cells, was up-regulated after the first two inoculations, IL12β, promoting T cell differentiation into memory cells, and IL10, promoting B cell proliferation and differentiation, were down-regulated during three inoculations. Our results indicated that the immune response of five giant panda cubs was strongest after the second inoculation, most likely protected against CDV infection through innate immunity and T cells, but did not produce enough memory cells to maintain long-term immunity after CDV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Li Luo
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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Wang H, Xin X, Wang M, Han L, Li J, Hao Y, Zheng C, Shen C. Myxovirus resistance protein A inhibits hepatitis C virus replication through JAK-STAT pathway activation. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1429-1438. [PMID: 29417241 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-inducible dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) exhibits activity against multiple viruses. However, its role in the life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unclear, and the mechanisms underlying the anti-HCV activity of MxA require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that exogenous MxA expression in the Huh7 and Huh7.5.1 hepatoma cell lines significantly decreased the levels of HCV RNA and core proteins, whereas MxA knockdown exerted the opposite effect. MxA-mediated inhibition of HCV replication was found to involve the JAK-STAT pathway: STAT1 phosphorylation and the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) such as guanylate-binding protein 1 and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 were augmented by MxA overexpression and reduced by endogenous MxA silencing. Treatment with the JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib abrogated the MxA-mediated suppression of HCV replication and activation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Additionally, transfection with an MxA mutant with disrupted GTP-binding consensus motifs abrogated activation of the JAK-STAT pathway and resistance to HCV replication. This study shows that MxA inhibits HCV replication by activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway through a mechanism involving its GTPase function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Engelmann I, Dubos F, Lobert PE, Houssin C, Degas V, Sardet A, Decoster A, Dewilde A, Martinot A, Hober D. Diagnosis of viral infections using myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA). Pediatrics 2015; 135:e985-93. [PMID: 25802344 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxoma resistance protein 1 (MxA) is induced during viral infections. MxA testing could be helpful to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections. METHODS A prospective multicenter cohort study was performed in pediatric emergency departments. MxA blood values were measured in children with confirmed viral or bacterial infections, uninfected controls, and infections of unknown origin. First patients were used to determine MxA threshold for viral infection. The diagnostic performance of MxA was determined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Sensitivities (Se), specificities (Sp), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR-) were calculated. RESULTS The study included 553 children; 44 uninfected controls and 77 confirmed viral infections (mainly respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus) were used to determine an MxA threshold at 200 ng/mL. In the 193 other patients with confirmed infections and uninfected controls (validation group), MxA was significantly higher in patients with viral than in those with bacterial infections and uninfected controls (P < .0001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.98, with 96.4% Se and 85.4% Sp, for differentiating uninfected from virus-infected patients and 0.89, with 96.4% Se and 66.7% Sp, for differentiating bacterial and viral infections. MxA levels were significantly higher in patients with clinically diagnosed viral versus clinically diagnosed bacterial infections (P < .001). Some patients with Streptococcus pneumonia infections had high MxA levels. Additional studies are required to elucidate whether this was due to undiagnosed viral coinfections. CONCLUSIONS MxA is viral infection marker in children, at least with RSV and rotavirus. MxA could improve the management of children with signs of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Engelmann
- Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - François Dubos
- Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Lobert
- Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Claire Houssin
- Université de Lille 2, Urgences pédiatriques et maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille and Université de Lille 2 et EA2694 Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Lille, France
| | - Vanessa Degas
- Université de Lille 2, Urgences pédiatriques et maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille and Université de Lille 2 et EA2694 Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Lille, France
| | - Anne Sardet
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Lens, Lens, France; and
| | - Anne Decoster
- Institut Catholique de Lille, Laboratoire Hôpital St Philibert, Lomme Cedex, France
| | - Anny Dewilde
- Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Lille, France
| | - Alain Martinot
- Université de Lille 2, Urgences pédiatriques et maladies infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire Lille and Université de Lille 2 et EA2694 Santé publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Université de Lille 2, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Lille, France;
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Bourke NM, O’Neill MT, Sarwar S, Norris S, Stewart S, Hegarty JE, Stevenson NJ, O’Farrelly C. In vitro blood cell responsiveness to IFN-α predicts clinical response independently of IL28B in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infected patients. J Transl Med 2014; 12:206. [PMID: 25048205 PMCID: PMC4112837 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and ribavirin successfully clears hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 50% of patients infected with genotype 1. Addition of NS3-4A protease inhibitors (PIs) increases response rates but results in additional side effects and significant economic costs. Here, we hypothesised that in vitro responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to IFN-α stimulation would identify patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) on dual therapy alone and thus not require addition of PIs. METHODS PBMCs were isolated from HCV infected patients (n = 42), infected with either HCV genotype 1 or genotype 3, before commencing therapy and stimulated in vitro with IFN-α. Expression of the IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) PKR, OAS and MxA was measured and correlated with subsequent treatment response and IL28B genotype. RESULTS Genotype 1 infected patients who achieved SVR had significantly higher pre-treatment expression of PKR (p = 0.0148), OAS (p = 0.0019) and MxA (p = 0.0019) in IFN-α stimulated PBMCs, compared to genotype 1 infected patients who did not achieve SVR or patients infected with genotype 3, whose in vitro ISG expression did not correlate with clinical responsiveness. IL28B genotype (rs12979860) did not correlate with endogenous or IFN-α stimulated ISG responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS In vitro responsiveness of PBMCs to IFN-α from genotype 1 infected patients predicts clinical responsiveness to dual therapy, independently of IL28B genotype. These results indicate that this sub-group of HCV infected patients could be identified pre-treatment and successfully treated without PIs, thus reducing adverse side effects and emergence of PI resistant virus while making significant economic savings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nollaig M Bourke
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mary-Teresa O’Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Liver Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Shahzad Sarwar
- Liver Unit, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Norris
- Hepatology Unit, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stephen Stewart
- Liver Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - John E Hegarty
- Liver Unit, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cliona O’Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Gulraiz F, Bellinghausen C, Dentener MA, Reynaert NL, Gaajetaan GR, Beuken EV, Rohde GG, Bruggeman CA, Stassen FR. Efficacy of IFN-λ1 to protect human airway epithelial cells against human rhinovirus 1B infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95134. [PMID: 24751942 PMCID: PMC3994020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired interferon (IFN) production has been observed in various obstructive respiratory diseases. This contributes to enhanced sensitivity towards viral infections triggering acute exacerbations. To compensate for this impaired host IFN response, there is need to explore new therapeutic strategies, like exogenous administration of IFNs as prophylactic treatment. In the present study, we examined the protective potential of IFN-λ1 and compared it with the previously established protecting effect of IFN-β. A549 cells and human primary bronchial epithelial cells were first treated with either IFN-β (500 IU/ml) or IFN-λ1 (500 ng/ml) for 18 h. For infection, two approaches were adopted: i) Continuous scenario: after pre-treatment, cells were infected immediately for 24 h with human rhinovirus 1B (HRV1B) in IFN-containing medium, or were cultured for another 72 h in IFN-containing medium, and then infected for 24 h with HRV1B, ii) Pre-treatment scenario: IFN-containing medium was replaced after 18 h and cells were infected for 4 h either immediately after pre-treatment or after additional culturing for 72 h in IFN-free medium. The protective effect was evaluated in terms of reduction in the number of viral copies/infectious progeny, and enhanced expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In both cell types and in both approaches, IFN-λ1 and IFN-β treatment resulted in pronounced and long-lasting antiviral effects exemplified by significantly reduced viral copy numbers and diminished infectious progeny. This was associated with strong up-regulation of multiple ISGs. However, in contrast to the IFN-β induced expression of ISGs, which decreased over time, expression of ISGs induced by IFN-λ1 was sustained or even increased over time. Here we demonstrate that the protective potential of IFN-λ1 is comparable to IFN-β. Yet, the long-lasting induction of ISGs by IFN-λ1 and most likely less incitement of side effects due to more localized expression of its receptors could make it an even more promising candidate for prophylactic treatment than IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Gulraiz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Bellinghausen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke A. Dentener
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Giel R. Gaajetaan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Erik V. Beuken
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Gernot G. Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Cathrien A. Bruggeman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Frank R. Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Lee MY, Yang JA, Jung HS, Beack S, Choi JE, Hur W, Koo H, Kim K, Yoon SK, Hahn SK. Hyaluronic acid-gold nanoparticle/interferon α complex for targeted treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. ACS NANO 2012; 6:9522-31. [PMID: 23092111 DOI: 10.1021/nn302538y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been extensively investigated as an emerging delivery carrier of various biopharmaceuticals. Instead of nonspecific polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated interferon α (IFNα) for the clinical treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, in this work, a target-specific long-acting delivery system of IFNα was successfully developed using the hybrid materials of AuNP and hyaluronic acid (HA). The HA-AuNP/IFNα complex was prepared by chemical binding of thiolated HA and physical binding of IFNα to AuNP. According to antiproliferation tests in Daudi cells, the HA-AuNP/IFNα complex showed a comparable biological activity to PEG-Intron with a highly enhanced stability in human serum. Even 7 days postinjection, HA-AuNP/IFNα complex was target-specifically delivered and remained in the murine liver tissue, whereas IFNα and PEG-Intron were not detected in the liver. Accordingly, HA-AuNP/IFNα complex significantly enhanced the expression of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) for innate immune responses to viral infection in the liver tissue, which was much higher than those by IFNα, PEG-Intron, and AuNP/IFNα complex. Taken together, the target-specific HA-AuNP/IFNα complex was thought to be successfully applied to the systemic treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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