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Utilising Immersive Video Technology to improve Medical Student Education in an Operating Theatre Environment. Indian J Orthop 2022; 57:297-304. [PMID: 36777114 PMCID: PMC9880085 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-022-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Educational opportunities in operating theatres are finite resources, therefore utilising them effectively is essential. Immersive video technology (IVT) may achieve this by exposing students to high-fidelity scenarios. In this study, we describe impact of IVT on student understanding of an orthopaedic procedure, barriers to surgical education, appreciation of theatre logistics and its effect on career aspirations. Methods Purposive sampling was used to recruit UK medical undergraduates. An electronic questionnaire was developed using previous studies in the field. Half of the questionnaire was completed prior to a three-minute video describing a surgical procedure, and the second half of the questionnaire was completed after. The study design allowed researchers to collect paired qualitative data on the impact of IVT on students' subjective understanding of carpal tunnel decompression surgery and interest in surgical careers. Results Out of 980 contacted, 207 respondents completed the 'pre' and 'post' video questionnaires. Following the video intervention, understanding of operative principles increased from 3.3 ± 0.16 (95% CI:1-7) to 6.1 ± 0.16 (95% CI:3-10, p < 0.0001). 81% of respondents reported they would feel more confident attending a carpal tunnel decompression in theatre post-video, with 60% feeling less apprehensive and 72% stating they would feel more engaged if they were shown a short educational video beforehand. Interest in pursuing a career in surgery increased from 3.9 ± 0.30 (95% CI:1-10) before watching the video to 4.2 ± 0.28 (95% CI:1-10, p < 0.0001), post-video. Conclusions This study supports the use of immersive multimedia to enhance medical education in surgery which may stimulate student interest in surgical careers.
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Raja U, Amin MSA, Soualhi A. Twelve tips to maximise medical student exposure during surgical placements. MEDICAL TEACHER 2021; 43:637-641. [PMID: 33073656 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1831465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is a highly competitive specialty that offers a wide range of subspecialties. The presence of surgical education and rotations in the medical school curriculum is often lacking, and for this reason many medical students have little experience of surgery during their time in medical school. This paper presents twelve tips for medical students who are interested in pursuing a career in surgery, offering different ways of exposure into activities related to surgical care. Understanding the practice of surgery and self-reflecting on one's personality and suitability for a career in surgery are key. Moreover, surgical care is not only limited to the surgeon's table-other opportunities to learn more about surgery exist outside of the operating room. Extra-curricular activities in research and leadership are also vital in developing an interest in surgery and competitive edge in medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Raja
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Soualhi
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
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König S, Datta RR, Flemming S, Kauffels-Sprenger A, Rüsseler M, Sterz J. [Online Teaching in Surgery]. Zentralbl Chir 2021; 147:26-34. [PMID: 33782929 DOI: 10.1055/a-1398-5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
For quite some time, the development and implementation of online teaching has been a controversial issue in surgical education for the degree in medicine. This has become more important with the progression of digitalisation and not least as a result of the current pandemic. It is becoming increasingly urgent to establish the opportunities and limits of online teaching, which has already proved successful under the current developmental pressure, and there are promising concepts. This article addresses the framework and the various online teaching formats in surgery, and illustrates the interplay between technical feasibility, practical experience, and didactic objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah König
- Institut für Medizinische Lehre und Ausbildungsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Rabi Raj Datta
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral, Tumor- und Transplantationschirurgie, Uniklinik Köln, Deutschland
| | - Sven Flemming
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Anne Kauffels-Sprenger
- Klinik für Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Kinderchirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - Miriam Rüsseler
- Klinik für Unfall-, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland
| | - Jasmina Sterz
- Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Deutschland
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Lee A, Finstad A, Gawad N, Boet S, Raiche I, Balaa F. Nontechnical Skills (NTS) in the Undergraduate Surgical and Anesthesiology Curricula: Are We Adequately Preparing Medical Students? JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:502-511. [PMID: 32839149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nontechnical skills (NTS) encompass interpersonal, cognitive, and personal resource skills that can mitigate surgical errors and improve patient outcomes. However, inconsistencies in medical student awareness around NTS suggest limited exposure to these skills. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and content of NTS in medical school surgery and anesthesiology education. DESIGN AND SETTING Learning objectives from clerkship core surgery and anesthesiology rotations were collected from Canadian anglophone medical schools. Two raters independently classified each objective under one of the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) or Anaesthetists' Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) "Categories" and "Elements" of NTS, or as a non-NTS objective. Rater disagreements were resolved by group consensus. Group discussion was also held to identify examples of objectives that could help develop future curricula. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the number of NTS objectives from each school and within each NOTSS and ANTS Categories and Elements. RESULTS Learning objectives were obtained from 12 out of 14 Canadian medical schools. A total of 2116 surgery objectives and 571 anesthesiology objectives were reviewed. Of these, 16 (0.76%) and 26 (4.55%) were identified as NTS objectives in surgery and anesthesiology, respectively. Of the NOTSS and ANTS Categories, "Situation Awareness" and "Decision Making" were represented by only one objective each in both specialties. Approximately half of the NOTSS and ANTS Elements were not represented by a single objective. Group discussion yielded examples of NTS objectives that were excellent, could use improvement, or were too vague to be classified as NTS. CONCLUSIONS A paucity of objectives in the clerkship perioperative curricula involve NTS. These findings suggest that NTS are unlikely being adequately introduced as critical skillsets of surgeons and anesthesiologists in undergraduate perioperative education. Future curriculum development should involve greater medical student exposure to NTS as key components of their surgery and anesthesiology education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandra Finstad
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nada Gawad
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Boet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Innovation in Medical Education (DIME), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabelle Raiche
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fady Balaa
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Anderson TN, Hasty BN, Schmiederer IS, Miller SE, Shi R, Aalami LR, Huffman EM, Choi JN, Lau JN. A Generalizable Multimodal Scrub Training Curriculum in Surgical Sterile Technique. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2021; 17:11077. [PMID: 33553617 PMCID: PMC7852343 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent endeavors from governing bodies such as the AAMC have formally recognized the importance of aseptic technique. AAMC guidelines include activities that all graduating physicians should be able to perform with minimum indirect supervision and were developed to recognize these needs. For example, the skills necessary for aseptic technique include daily safety habits and general physician procedures. METHODS We developed a scrub training curriculum and evaluated the program through a quasi-experimental study with a pre- and posttest design. Questions were developed to examine students' perceived knowledge and skills as related to the objectives of the course and to their anxieties, concerns, and future training needs. RESULTS Between February 2020 and March 2020, 44 students completed the curriculum. Students indicated that self-efficacy significantly increased in all aspects of the curricular goals following curriculum completion. Students identified understanding OR etiquette as the most anxiety-provoking element associated with scrub training. They felt that more time could be spent elucidating this etiquette. On the other hand, tasks such as surgical hand hygiene were the least anxiety-inducing. DISCUSSION We share this multimodal scrub training curriculum, mapped to the AAMC's guidelines, to reduce variability in teaching strategies and skills acquisition through a standardized curriculum. Also, we effectively imparted these skills and instilled a sense of confidence in learners as they worked to provide their best in patient care and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany N Anderson
- Surgical Education Fellow, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Brittany N Hasty
- Surgical Education Fellow, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Ingrid S Schmiederer
- Surgical Education Fellow, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University
| | - Sarah E Miller
- Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Robert Shi
- Research Assistant, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Lauren R Aalami
- Research Assistant, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth M Huffman
- Surgical Education Fellow, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Jennifer N Choi
- Clinical Professor, General Surgery Residency Program Director, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - James N Lau
- Clinical Professor, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Director, Goodman Surgical Education Center, Stanford University School of Medicine
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Kent F, McGregor E, Jamieson RW. Faculty development review: Improving learning in the operating theatre. CLINICAL TEACHER 2020; 18:32-36. [PMID: 33015943 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undergraduate medical students' time is precious, and with increasingly limited exposure to surgery, learning at every opportunity needs to be facilitated. The operating theatre is a unique classroom and factors related to this environment could impact on learning opportunities. We aim to help surgical faculty overcome these barriers and develop the operating theatre's potential as a learning environment. RESULTS Reports in the literature frequently mention the emotional aspects of attending theatre and trying to fit in with the surgical team, and often report negative feelings such as feeling unwelcome. Students also report feeling confused about what they should be hoping to learn from their theatre experience, and what their role is in theatre. CONCLUSION We suggest ways in which surgical faculty can help the student fit into the theatre environment and hope that this will improve undergraduate surgical education and enthusiasm for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Kent
- Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Hasty BN, Lau JN, Tekian A, Miller SE, Shipper ES, Bereknyei Merrell S, Lee EW, Park YS. Validity Evidence for a Knowledge Assessment Tool for a Mastery Learning Scrub Training Curriculum. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:129-135. [PMID: 31577588 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the validity evidence for a scrub training knowledge assessment tool to demonstrate the utility and robustness of a multimodal, entrustable professional activity (EPA)-aligned, mastery learning scrub training curriculum. METHOD Validity evidence was collected for the knowledge assessment used in the scrub training curriculum at Stanford University School of Medicine from April 2017 to June 2018. The knowledge assessment had 25 selected response items that mapped to curricular objectives, EPAs, and operating room policies. A mastery passing standard was established using the Mastery Angoff and Patient-Safety approaches. Learners were assessed pre curriculum, post curriculum, and 6 months after the curriculum. RESULTS From April 2017 to June 2018, 220 medical and physician assistant students participated in the scrub training curriculum. The mean pre- and postcurriculum knowledge scores were 74.4% (standard deviation [SD] = 15.6) and 90.1% (SD = 8.3), respectively, yielding a Cohen's d = 1.10, P < .001. The internal reliability of the assessment was 0.71. Students with previous scrub training performed significantly better on the precurriculum knowledge assessment than those without previous training (81.9% [SD = 12.6] vs 67.0% [SD = 14.9]; P < .001). The mean item difficulty was 0.74, and the mean item discrimination index was 0.35. The Mastery Angoff overall cut score was 92.0%. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the administration of and provides validity evidence for a knowledge assessment tool for a multimodal, EPA-aligned, mastery-based curriculum for scrub training. The authors support the use of scores derived from this test for assessing scrub training knowledge among medical and physician assistant students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Hasty
- B.N. Hasty was a surgical education fellow, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, at the time of writing. She is currently a resident in general surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois. J.N. Lau is professor of surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. A. Tekian is professor and associate dean for international affairs, Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-1588. S.E. Miller was a fourth-year medical student, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, at the time of writing. She is currently a resident in obstetrics and gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. E.S. Shipper was a general surgery resident, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, at the time of writing. He is currently a research fellow, National Trauma Institute, San Antonio, Texas. S. Bereknyei Merrell is director of research, Goodman Surgical Education Center, and research scholar, Stanford-Surgery Policy Improvement Research & Education Center (S-SPIRE), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. E.W. Lee was a surgical education fellow, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. He is currently a resident in general surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia. Y.S. Park is associate professor and associate head, Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-4335
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Field C, Benson LS, Stephenson-Famy A, Prager S. Intrauterine Device Training Workshop for Preclinical Medical Students. MEDEDPORTAL : THE JOURNAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RESOURCES 2019; 15:10841. [PMID: 31911932 PMCID: PMC6944262 DOI: 10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical school reproductive health curricula often lack adequate education regarding intrauterine devices (IUDs). When placed in clinical scenarios, students may have insufficient knowledge and training to counsel patients about IUDs. METHODS We developed a workshop for preclinical medical students and assessed whether it improved knowledge of and comfort with counseling patients on IUDs. The workshop consisted of a 45-minute lecture and a 45-minute IUD simulation training. Each session was taught to groups of 40 to 50 students. The workshop was evaluated between January 2016 and November 2017. Participants completed pre- and postsurveys. The primary outcome was comfort level with IUD counseling. RESULTS One hundred forty-two students completed the workshop, and 137 completed both pre- and postsurveys (96% response rate). At baseline, more than half (56%, n = 77) had not seen an IUD inserted. Students scoring 75% or higher on the IUD knowledge questions increased from 51% (n = 70) on presurveys to 87% (n = 119) on postsurveys (p < .0001). Students agreeing or strongly agreeing that they felt comfortable counseling patients on IUDs increased from 27% (n = 37) to 92% (n = 122, p < .0001) on postsurveys. All students felt the workshop was worthwhile. DISCUSSION Preclinical students showed increased knowledge of and comfort with IUDs after a simple IUD simulation. Medical schools could utilize this workshop to ensure students have hands-on training and experience related to IUDs prior to clinical rotations and for their future careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlie Field
- Resident Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Lyndsey S. Benson
- Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Alyssa Stephenson-Famy
- Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
| | - Sarah Prager
- Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center
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Hénaux PL, Jannin P, Riffaud L. Nontechnical Skills in Neurosurgery: A Systematic Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e726-e736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hexter AT, O'Dowd-Booth C, Hunter A. Factors that influence medical student learning in the operating room. MEDICAL TEACHER 2019; 41:555-560. [PMID: 30253684 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1504163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The operating room (OR) is a dynamic, high-pressure clinical setting that offers a unique workplace-based learning environment for students. We undertook a narrative synthesis of the literature to identify factors that influence medical student learning in the OR, and we recommend educational strategies that maximize "theater-based learning". Methods: Key words were searched across three databases PubMed, EMBASE and ERIC (Education Resource Information Center). Eligible studies included original articles published after 1997 presenting empirical research on factors that influence medical students learning in the OR. Methodological quality was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Score for education. Results: We identified 764 studies on the topic of student learning in the OR, of which 16 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. The quality assessments demonstrated a mean value of 2.1 out of a maximum of 6. Conclusions: We identified five key domains that influence student learning in the OR: emotional factors, socio-environmental factors, organizational factors, factors related to educational relevance and factors related to the educator. Educational strategies to enhance theater-based learning include: an induction and physical orientation, clear learning objectives, educator feedback, and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T Hexter
- a Orthopaedic Specialist Registrar and NIHR Academic Clinical Fellow, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science , University College London , London , UK
| | | | - Alistair Hunter
- c Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon University College Hospital , London , UK
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Croghan SM, Phillips C, Howson W. The operating theatre as a classroom: a literature review of medical student learning in the theatre environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2019; 10:75-87. [PMID: 31012867 PMCID: PMC6766388 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5ca7.afd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We set out to review the published literature relating to the educational experiences of medical students in the operating theatre. In particular, we wished to deduce from the current evidence what challenges are posed to student learning in this environment, and how they may be overcome. METHODS National Library of Medicine and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1990-2018, using search terms 'Operating Theatre,' OR 'Operating Theater,' OR 'Operating Room' AND 'Medical Students.' Title and abstract review of 679 papers were performed. Full-text English language papers about the learning or satisfaction of medical students in the theatre environment were included. Papers exploring the experiences of residents/trainees rather than medical students were excluded. A total of 36 papers were eligible for inclusion. Thematic analysis was conducted on these papers. RESULTS A number of common themes were identified. Throughout the literature, medical students describe a lack of clear learning objectives, fear, anxiety, feelings of humiliation and intimidation, lack of visualisation and lack of opportunity for participation as barriers to their satisfaction with theatre placements and to their subjective learning. CONCLUSIONS Obstacles identified by students as deleterious to their experiences in the operating theatre are remarkably reproducible across a number of research studies in different populations. Areas to address by both individual educators and curriculum designers include fostering a culture of inclusion in theatre, setting explicit, achievable learning goals for students in this environment and making a concerted effort to prepare students for the theatre setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Croghan
- University College London, Postgraduate Department of Medical Sciences, UCL Medical School, UK
| | - Catherine Phillips
- University College London, Postgraduate Department of Medical Sciences, UCL Medical School, UK
| | - William Howson
- University College London, Postgraduate Department of Medical Sciences, UCL Medical School, UK
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Torbjörnsson E, Olivecrona C, Sonden A. An interprofessional initiative aimed at creating a common learning resource for the operating room ward. J Interprof Care 2018; 32:501-504. [PMID: 29419333 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2018.1435516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Every semester, the operating room (OR) ward receives students from different educational programmes. Although interprofessional knowledge is essential for OR teamwork, students have traditionally been prepared in an uniprofessional manner, with no focus on interprofessional learning outcomes. This report describes the work process of an interprofessional initiative undertaken to create a common learning resource aimed at preparing students for OR practice. With a focus on interprofessional learning, shared and profession-specific learning outcomes, which are needed to prepare for practice, were identified by an interprofessional faculty. To avoid timetabling and geographic barriers, learning outcomes and constructed learning activities were packaged into an e-module and delivered on-line as an adjunct to existing lectures and workshops. A survey was administered to 4th year medical (n = 42) and 1st year OR nurse students (n = 4) to evaluate their perceptions of the e-module. We found that most learning outcomes from the different syllabuses were common for all professions. The overall response rate of the survey was 59% (27 of 46 students). Eighteen of the 27 responding students had used the learning resource, of which 15 students considered it to be of 'high' or 'very high' value. In summary, this interprofessional initiative resulted in a new common learning resource for the OR, which was used and perceived valuable by a majority of the students. The learning outcomes needed to prepare students from different educational programmes for OR practice are, to a great extent, generic and interprofessional and we thus argue that the interprofessional nature of the faculty was essential for the success of the initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torbjörnsson
- a Department of Clinical Science and Education , Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Surgery , Södersjukhuset AB , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Charlotta Olivecrona
- a Department of Clinical Science and Education , Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,c Department of Orthopedics , Södersjukhuset AB , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Anders Sonden
- a Department of Clinical Science and Education , Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Surgery , Södersjukhuset AB , Stockholm , Sweden
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Zundel S, Wolf I, Christen HJ, Huwendiek S. What supports students’ education in the operating room? A focus group study including students’ and surgeons’ views. Am J Surg 2015; 210:951-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hampton BS, Craig LB, Abbott JF, Buery-Joyner SD, Dalrymple JL, Forstein DA, Hopkins L, McKenzie ML, Page-Ramsey SM, Pradhan A, Wolf A, Graziano SC. To the point: teaching the obstetrics and gynecology medical student in the operating room. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2015; 213:464-8. [PMID: 25857571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of considerations for teaching the medical student in the operating room during the obstetrics/gynecology clerkship. The importance of the medical student operating room experience and barriers to learning in the operating room are discussed. Specific considerations for the improvement of medical student learning and operating room experience, which include the development of operating room objectives and specific curricula, an increasing awareness regarding role modeling, and faculty development, are reviewed.
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Weinberg D, Saleh M, Sinha Y. Twelve tips for medical students to maximise learning in theatre. MEDICAL TEACHER 2015; 37:34-40. [PMID: 24984710 DOI: 10.3109/0142159x.2014.932899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introduction into the clinical environment can be a daunting experience for medical students, especially in the operating theatre. Prior knowledge of how to prepare for theatre and cope with surgical placements is advantageous, as learning opportunities can be maximised from the start. AIM This article provides medical students with 12 tips devised to help make the most out of their initial theatre placements. METHODS Tips were formulated based on the experiences of three senior medical students and a review of the literature. RESULTS The 12 tips are (1) Know the patient and procedure, (2) Be familiar with your surgical department, (3) Familiarise yourself with different surgical attire, (4) Revise your clinical skills, (5) Be time-efficient, (6) Learn how to work in a sterile environment, (7) Avoiding syncope, (8) Impress the operating surgeon, (9) Be aware of the professional, ethical, and legal issues in surgery, (10) Use mentors to enhance your learning, (11) Embrace extra-curricular activities to enhance your insight into surgery and (12) Be acquainted with relevant support systems. CONCLUSIONS These 12 tips provide guidance and opportunities to maximise learning for new clinical-phase medical students being introduced to the operating theatre for the first time.
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Flannery T, Gormley G. Evaluation of the contribution of theatre attendance to medical undergraduate neuroscience teaching – A pilot study. Br J Neurosurg 2014; 28:680-4. [DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2014.896873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Porcine wet lab improves surgical skills in third year medical students. J Surg Res 2013; 184:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Johnson P, Sly C, Warnke PH. Simulated surgical workshops enhance medical school students' preparation for clinical rotation. Australas Med J 2013; 6:79-87. [PMID: 23483528 DOI: 10.4066/amj.2013.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major focus of the medical school curriculum is to ensure medical students are well prepared prior to entering clinical rotations, which includes the compulsory surgical rotation. AIMS The objective of this research was to design and formally evaluate a set of real-life surgical workshops aimed at better preparing medical students for their clinical rotation in surgery. These workshops would be incorporated into the pre-clinical medical school curriculum. METHOD Dedicated surgical workshops were introduced into the preclinical component of the Bachelor of Medicine/Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program at our University in 2009. These workshops encompassed training in the clinical skills needed in the perioperative and wider hospital setting. A survey comprising of eight to nine ranked questions (utilising a five-point Likert Scale) as well as three short answer questions was administered to the medical students after they completed their compulsory surgical clinical rotation. RESULTS The overall response rate to the survey evaluating the surgical workshops was 79% (123/155). The mean of the ranked questions ranged from 4.05 to 4.89 which indicated that the students found the workshops useful. When evaluating the short answer questions (via topic coding), additional information was provided that supported and explained the survey findings and also included suggestions for improvements. CONCLUSION The findings of the medical student survey demonstrated the value of incorporating dedicated preparatory surgical workshops in the medical school pre-clinical curriculum. However, further research is warranted to determine if this inclusion translated into improved student performance during the clinical surgical rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Johnson
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES : Medical students spend significant time in the operating room during clinical training. Many technical skill domains are learned through trial and error, which can affect student confidence and patient safety. This project assessed the technical knowledge and comfort of third-year medical students to identify their needs for technical skills training before surgical exposure. METHODS : One hundred nine students provided data in an anonymous survey on the first day of their core obstetrics/gynecology clerkship. The survey used a 4-point Likert scale to query self-assessed competence, comfort, and knowledge of technical skill domains for the operating room. RESULTS : Students who rated introductory skill domains positively rated themselves higher on complex skill domains (2.47 vs 3.75, P < 0.001). Most students (91%) who positively assessed complex domains also rated introductory domains positively. There was good correlation with comfort in the operating room and the introductory skill domains of surgical scrub (0.782) and gowning and gloving (0.784) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS : Students who rate complex domains highly overwhelmingly rate introductory skills highly, providing an opportunity to triage technical skill knowledge. A focus on introductory skill domains may be beneficial for preparing preclinical students for the operating room.
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Schreiner U, Haefner A, Gologan R, Obertacke U. Effective teaching modifies medical student attitudes toward pain symptoms. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2011; 37:655-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00068-011-0111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Jamjoom AAB, Nikkar-Esfahani A, Fitzgerald JEF. Operating theatre related syncope in medical students: a cross sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2009; 9:14. [PMID: 19284564 PMCID: PMC2657145 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-9-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observing surgical procedures is a beneficial educational experience for medical students during their surgical placements. Anecdotal evidence suggests that operating theatre related syncope may have detrimental effects on students' views of this. Our study examines the frequency and causes of such syncope, together with effects on career intentions, and practical steps to avoid its occurrence. METHODS All penultimate and final year students at a large UK medical school were surveyed using the University IT system supplemented by personal approach. A 20-item anonymous questionnaire was distributed and results were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 15.0 (Chicago, Illinois, USA). RESULTS Of the 630 clinical students surveyed, 77 responded with details of at least one near or actual operating theatre syncope (12%). A statistically significant gender difference existed for syncopal/near-syncopal episodes (male 12%; female 88%), p < 0.05. Twenty-two percent of those affected were graduate entry medical course students with the remaining 78% undergraduate. Mean age was 23-years (range 20 - 45). Of the 77 reactors, 44 (57%) reported an intention to pursue a surgical career. Of this group, 7 (9%) reported being discouraged by syncopal episodes in the operating theatre. The most prevalent contributory factors were reported as hot temperature (n = 61, 79%), prolonged standing (n = 56, 73%), wearing a surgical mask (n = 36, 47%) and the smell of diathermy (n = 18, 23%). The most frequently reported measures that students found helpful in reducing the occurrence of syncopal episodes were eating and drinking prior to attending theatre (n = 47, 61%), and moving their legs whilst standing (n = 14, 18%). CONCLUSION Our study shows that operating theatre related syncope among medical students is common, and we establish useful risk factors and practical steps that have been used to prevent its occurrence. Our study also highlights the detrimental effect of this on the career intentions of medical students interested in surgery. Based on these findings, we recommend that dedicated time should be set aside in surgical teaching to address this issue prior to students attending the operating theatre.
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Affiliation(s)
- AAB Jamjoom
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - A Nikkar-Esfahani
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - JEF Fitzgerald
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Medical Education Unit, University of Nottingham Medical School, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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