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Russo D, Jones G, Polizzi M, Meola V, Cistrone L. Higher and bigger: How riparian bats react to climate change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169733. [PMID: 38171455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The altitudinal distribution of animals and changes in their body size are effective indicators of climate change. Bats are sensitive to climate change due to their dependence on temperature during critical life stages. However, long-term studies documenting responses over extended periods are rare. We present a 24-year investigation of Myotis daubentonii, a riparian bat known for altitudinal sexual segregation, along a river course in Central Italy. While males occupy the entire river course, females are confined to downstream warmer areas supporting successful reproduction due to improved foraging site productivity. In 2000, females were absent above 900 m a.s.l in our study area. We hypothesise that a) this altitude threshold is now higher, due to thermal gradient changes along the river course; and b) thermoregulatory costs for reproductive females have declined, leading to increased energy investment in offspring and subsequent generational growth in bat body size. Confirming our hypotheses, females exhibited a 175-m upward shift in altitude limit. Furthermore, we found a concurrent increase in body size (but not condition). Temperatures increased in the 24 years, likely allowing females to extend their range to higher elevations and favouring an increase in newborn body mass. Riparian vegetation remained unchanged, excluding habitat quality changes as the cause for the observed responses. The rapid female elevation rise might imply future disruption of established social structures, altering intra- and intersexual competition for roosts and food. Given the global decline in insect populations, larger bats might face future difficulties in finding food to sustain their body size, increasing mortality. However, the full impact of such changes on bat fitness remains unexplored and warrants further investigation, including other bat populations. This knowledge is crucial for informing conservation in the face of ongoing climate change and preserving the ecosystem services bats deliver in riparian ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Russo
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy; University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Gareth Jones
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Marta Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Meola
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luca Cistrone
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Evolution (AnEcoEvo), Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, via Università, 100, 80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
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2
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Sunga J, Humber J, Broders HG. Co-roosting relationships are consistent across years in a bat maternity group. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1395. [PMID: 38228618 PMCID: PMC10791638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-lived, group living animals have the potential to form multiyear relationships. In some temperate bat species, maternity groups break apart and rejoin both daily, as females depart to forage and select day roosts to use, and annually, as bats leave for and return from hibernation. Here, we investigated whether bats have persistent social preferences by testing whether relationships between dyads in a focal year could be predicted by previous years. We also hypothesized that experience influences social preferences and predicted that an individual's age would influence its network position, while familiarity with bats of the same cohort would drive persistent social preferences. We quantified roost co-occurrence in little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) in Salmonier Nature Park, Newfoundland, Canada both within and among years. We found that roost co-occurrence patterns of previous years still had predictive value even when accounting for potential roost fidelity. However, we found no evidence that cohort familiarity or age explained any of the variation. Overall, we found long-term patterns of association in this temperate bat species that suggest levels of social complexity akin to other large mammal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sunga
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jessica Humber
- Department of Fisheries, Forestry and Agriculture, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 192 Wheeler's Road, PO Box 2007, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 7S1, Canada
| | - Hugh G Broders
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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3
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Kerth G. Long-term field studies in bat research: importance for basic and applied research questions in animal behavior. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022; 76:75. [PMID: 35669868 PMCID: PMC9135593 DOI: 10.1007/s00265-022-03180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnimal species differ considerably in longevity. Among mammals, short-lived species such as shrews have a maximum lifespan of about a year, whereas long-lived species such as whales can live for more than two centuries. Because of their slow pace of life, long-lived species are typically of high conservation concern and of special scientific interest. This applies not only to large mammals such as whales, but also to small-sized bats and mole-rats. To understand the typically complex social behavior of long-lived mammals and protect their threatened populations, field studies that cover substantial parts of a species’ maximum lifespan are required. However, long-term field studies on mammals are an exception because the collection of individualized data requires considerable resources over long time periods in species where individuals can live for decades. Field studies that span decades do not fit well in the current career and funding regime in science. This is unfortunate, as the existing long-term studies on mammals yielded exciting insights into animal behavior and contributed data important for protecting their populations. Here, I present results of long-term field studies on the behavior, demography, and life history of bats, with a particular focus on my long-term studies on wild Bechstein’s bats. I show that long-term studies on individually marked populations are invaluable to understand the social system of bats, investigate the causes and consequences of their extraordinary longevity, and assess their responses to changing environments with the aim to efficiently protect these unique mammals in the face of anthropogenic global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Kerth
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Fischer NM, Altewischer A, Ranpal S, Dool S, Kerth G, Puechmaille SJ. Population genetics as a tool to elucidate pathogen reservoirs: Lessons from Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose disease in bats. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:675-690. [PMID: 34704285 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases pose a major threat to human, animal, and plant health. The risk of species-extinctions increases when pathogens can survive in the absence of the host. Environmental reservoirs can facilitate this. However, identifying such reservoirs and modes of infection is often highly challenging. In this study, we investigated the presence and nature of an environmental reservoir for the ascomycete fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, the causative agent of White-Nose disease. Using 18 microsatellite markers, we determined the genotypic differentiation between 1497 P. destructans isolates collected from nine closely situated underground sites where bats hibernate (i.e., hibernacula) in Northeastern Germany. This approach was unique in that it ensured that every isolate and resulting multilocus genotype was not only present, but also viable and therefore theoretically capable of infecting a bat. The distinct distribution of multilocus genotypes across hibernacula demonstrates that each hibernaculum has an essentially unique fungal population. This would be expected if bats become infected in their hibernaculum (i.e., the site they spend winter in to hibernate) rather than in other sites visited before they start hibernating. In one hibernaculum, both the walls and the hibernating bats were sampled at regular intervals over five consecutive winter seasons (1062 isolates), revealing higher genotypic richness on walls compared to bats and a stable frequency of multilocus genotypes over multiple winters. This clearly implicates hibernacula walls as the main environmental reservoir of the pathogen, from which bats become reinfected annually during the autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Fischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Altewischer
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Surendra Ranpal
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Serena Dool
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution Montpellier (ISEM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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5
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Lehnen L, Jan PL, Besnard AL, Fourcy D, Kerth G, Biedermann M, Nyssen P, Schorcht W, Petit EJ, Puechmaille SJ. Genetic diversity in a long-lived mammal is explained by the past's demographic shadow and current connectivity. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5048-5063. [PMID: 34402111 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Within-species genetic diversity is crucial for the persistence and integrity of populations and ecosystems. Conservation actions require an understanding of factors influencing genetic diversity, especially in the context of global change. Both population size and connectivity are factors greatly influencing genetic diversity; the relative importance of these factors can, however, change through time. Hence, quantifying the degree to which population size or genetic connectivity are shaping genetic diversity, and at which ecological time scale (past or present), is challenging, yet essential for the development of efficient conservation strategies. In this study, we estimated the genetic diversity of 42 colonies of Rhinolophus hipposideros, a long-lived mammal vulnerable to global change, sampling locations spanning its continental northern range. Here, we present an integrative approach that disentangles and quantifies the contribution of different connectivity measures in addition to contemporary colony size and historic bottlenecks in shaping genetic diversity. In our study, the best model explained 64% of the variation in genetic diversity. It included historic bottlenecks, contemporary colony size, connectivity and a negative interaction between the latter two. Contemporary connectivity explained most genetic diversity when considering a 65 km radius around the focal colonies, emphasizing the large geographic scale at which the positive impact of connectivity on genetic diversity is most profound and hence, the minimum scale at which conservation should be planned. Our results highlight that the relative importance of the two main factors shaping genetic diversity varies through time, emphasizing the relevance of disentangling them to ensure appropriate conservation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lehnen
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Pierre-Loup Jan
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | | | - Damien Fourcy
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Biedermann
- Interessengemeinschaft für Fledermausschutz und -forschung in Thüringen (IFT) e.V, Bad Liebenstein, Germany
| | | | | | - Eric J Petit
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, Rennes, France.,NACHTaktiv - Biologists for Bat research GbR, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- Applied Zoology and Nature Conservation, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Katsis LKD, Linton DM, Macdonald DW. The effect of group size, reproductive condition and time period on sexual segregation patterns in three vespertilionid bat species. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. D. Katsis
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) Department of Zoology The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre University of Oxford Tubney UK
| | - D. M. Linton
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) Department of Zoology The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre University of Oxford Tubney UK
| | - D. W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) Department of Zoology The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre University of Oxford Tubney UK
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7
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Collevatti RG, Vitorino LC, Vieira TB, Oprea M, Telles MP. Landscape changes decrease genetic diversity in the Pallas’ long-tongued bat. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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8
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Population genetic structure of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale in the central Balkans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210321. [PMID: 30699143 PMCID: PMC6353099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory behaviour, sociality and roost selection have a great impact on the population structure of one species. Many bat species live in groups, and movements between summer and hibernation sites are common in temperate bats. The Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale is a cave-dwelling species that exhibits roost philopatry and undertakes seasonal movements which are usually shorter than 50 km. Its distribution in Serbia is restricted to karstic areas in western and eastern parts of the country, with a lack of known roosts between them. In this study, microsatellite markers were used to evaluate genetic variation in this species in the Central Balkans. Specifically, spatial genetic structuring between geographic regions and relatedness within different colony types were assessed. All analysed loci were polymorphic, and there was no significant inbreeding coefficient recorded. A moderate degree of genetic differentiation among the sampled colonies was found, and significant isolation by distance was recorded. Our results revealed that populations show a tendency to segregate into three clusters. Unexpectedly, populations from Montenegro and Eastern Serbia tended to group into one cluster, while populations from Western Serbia and Slovenia represented second and third cluster, respectively. The majority of variance was partitioned within colonies, and only a small but significant portion among clusters. Average relatedness within colony members was close to zero, did not differ significantly between the different colony types, and kinship is unlikely to be a major grouping mechanism in this species.
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9
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Penone C, Kerbiriou C, Julien JF, Marmet J, Le Viol I. Body size information in large-scale acoustic bat databases. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5370. [PMID: 30155347 PMCID: PMC6110253 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citizen monitoring programs using acoustic data have been useful for detecting population and community patterns. However, they have rarely been used to study broad scale patterns of species traits. We assessed the potential of acoustic data to detect broad scale patterns in body size. We compared geographical patterns in body size with acoustic signals in the bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus. Given the correlation between body size and acoustic characteristics, we expected to see similar results when analyzing the relationships of body size and acoustic signals with climatic variables. Methods We assessed body size using forearm length measurements of 1,359 bats, captured by mist nets in France. For acoustic analyses, we used an extensive dataset collected through the French citizen bat survey. We isolated each bat echolocation call (n = 4,783) and performed automatic measures of signals, including the frequency of the flattest part of the calls (characteristic frequency). We then examined the relationship between forearm length, characteristic frequencies, and two components resulting from principal component analysis for geographic (latitude, longitude) and climatic variables. Results Forearm length was positively correlated with higher precipitation, lower seasonality, and lower temperatures. Lower characteristic frequencies (i.e., larger body size) were mostly related to lower temperatures and northern latitudes. While conducted on different datasets, the two analyses provided congruent results. Discussion Acoustic data from citizen science programs can thus be useful for the detection of large-scale patterns in body size. This first analysis offers a new perspective for the use of large acoustic databases to explore biological patterns and to address both theoretical and applied questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Penone
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Kerbiriou
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France.,Marine Station, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Concarneau, France
| | - Jean-François Julien
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Julie Marmet
- CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Viol
- Marine Station, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Concarneau, France.,CESCO UMR7204 MNHN-UPMC-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
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10
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Zamora-Gutierrez V, Pearson RG, Green RE, Jones KE. Forecasting the combined effects of climate and land use change on Mexican bats. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zamora-Gutierrez
- Department of Zoology; Conservation Science Group; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; London UK
- CONACYT - Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Durango; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Durango Mexico
| | - Richard G. Pearson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; London UK
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Department of Zoology; Conservation Science Group; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science; The Lodge; Sandy UK
| | - Kate E. Jones
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment; Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research; University College London; London UK
- Institute of Zoology; Zoological Society of London; London UK
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11
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Comparative phylogeography of a vulnerable bat and its ectoparasite reveals dispersal of a non-mobile parasite among distinct evolutionarily significant units of the host. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Dekeukeleire D, Janssen R, Haarsma AJ, Bosch T, Schaik JV. Swarming Behaviour, Catchment Area and Seasonal Movement Patterns of the Bechstein's Bats: Implications for Conservation. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daan Dekeukeleire
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department Biology Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - René Janssen
- Bionet Natuuronderzoek, Valderstraat 39, 6171EL, Stein, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Jifke Haarsma
- Animal Ecology & Ecophysiology group, Institute for Water and Wetland research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Bosch
- Ad Hoc Zoogdieronderzoek, Oude Velperweg 34, 6824HE, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Van Schaik
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Eberhard-Gwinner-Strasse, 82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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Santos JD, Meyer CFJ, Ibáñez C, Popa-Lisseanu AG, Juste J. Dispersal and group formation dynamics in a rare and endangered temperate forest bat ( Nyctalus lasiopterus, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:8193-8204. [PMID: 27878088 PMCID: PMC5108270 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For elusive mammals like bats, colonization of new areas and colony formation are poorly understood, as is their relationship with the genetic structure of populations. Understanding dispersal and group formation behaviors is critical not only for a better comprehension of mammalian social dynamics, but also for guiding conservation efforts of rare and endangered species. Using nuclear and mitochondrial markers, we studied patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation among and within breeding colonies of giant noctule bats (Nyctalus lasiopterus), their relation to a new colony still in formation, and the impact of this ongoing process on the regionwide genetic makeup. Nuclear differentiation among colonies was relatively low and mostly nonsignificant. Mitochondrial variation followed this pattern, contrasting with findings for other temperate bat species. Our results suggest that this may indicate a recent population expansion. On average, female giant noctules were not more closely related to other colony members than to foreign individuals. This was also true for members of the newly forming colony and those of another, older group sampled shortly after its formation, suggesting that contrary to findings for other temperate bats, giant noctule colonies are not founded by relatives. However, mother–daughter pairs were found in the same populations more often than expected under random dispersal. Given this indication of philopatry, the lack of mitochondrial differentiation among most colonies in the region is probably due to the combination of a recent population expansion and group formation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Santos
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier France; Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon 1749-016 Lisbon Portugal; School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Salford M5 4WT United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Ibáñez
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Ana G Popa-Lisseanu
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n 41092 Seville Spain
| | - Javier Juste
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC) Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n 41092 Seville Spain
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Dool SE, O’Donnell CFJ, Monks JM, Puechmaille SJ, Kerth G. Phylogeographic-based conservation implications for the New Zealand long-tailed bat, (Chalinolobus tuberculatus): identification of a single ESU and a candidate population for genetic rescue. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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O’ Donnell CFJ, Richter S, Dool S, Monks JM, Kerth G. Genetic diversity is maintained in the endangered New Zealand long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) despite a closed social structure and regular population crashes. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Arnold BD, Wilkinson GS. Female natal philopatry and gene flow between divergent clades of pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus). J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Fornůsková A, Petit EJ, Bartonička T, Kaňuch P, Butet A, Řehák Z, Bryja J. Strong matrilineal structure in common pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) is associated with variability in echolocation calls. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Fornůsková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; AS CR; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO; Université Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Eric J. Petit
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO; Université Rennes 1; Rennes France
- Ecology and Ecosystem Health; UMR 985 Agrocampus Ouest-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; F-35042 Rennes France
| | - Tomáš Bartonička
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kaňuch
- Institute of Forest Ecology SAS; Zvolen Slovakia
| | - Alain Butet
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO; Université Rennes 1; Rennes France
| | - Zdeněk Řehák
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology; AS CR; Květná 8 603 65 Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Faculty of Science; Masaryk University; Kotlářská 2 611 37 Brno Czech Republic
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Luximon N, Petit EJ, Broquet T. Performance of individual vs. group sampling for inferring dispersal under isolation-by-distance. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:745-52. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Luximon
- Department of Ecology and Evolution; University of Lausanne; Lausanne CH-1015 Switzerland
| | - E. J. Petit
- Univ Rennes 1; CNRS; UMR 6553 ECOBIO; Station Biologique; Paimpont F-35380 France
| | - T. Broquet
- Team Diversity and connectivity of coastal marine landscapes; UMR 7144; CNRS; University Paris 06; Station Biologique de Roscoff 29680 Roscoff France
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Buchalski MR, Chaverri G, Vonhof MJ. When genes move farther than offspring: gene flow by male gamete dispersal in the highly philopatric bat species Thyroptera tricolor. Mol Ecol 2013; 23:464-80. [PMID: 24237721 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For species characterized by philopatry of both sexes, mate selection represents an important behaviour for inbreeding avoidance, yet the implications for gene flow are rarely quantified. Here, we present evidence of male gamete-mediated gene flow resulting from extra-group mating in Spix's disc-winged bat, Thyroptera tricolor, a species which demonstrates all-offspring philopatry. We used microsatellite and capture-recapture data to characterize social group structure and the distribution of mated pairs at two sites in southwestern Costa Rica over four breeding seasons. Relatedness and genetic spatial autocorrelation analyses indicated strong kinship within groups and over short distances (<50 m), resulting from matrilineal group structure and small roosting home ranges (~0.2 ha). Despite high relatedness among-group members, observed inbreeding coefficients were low (FIS = 0.010 and 0.037). Parentage analysis indicated mothers and offspring belonged to the same social group, while fathers belonged to different groups, separated by large distances (~500 m) when compared to roosting home ranges. Simulated random mating indicated mate choice was not based on intermediate levels of relatedness, and mated pairs were less related than adults within social groups on average. Isolation-by-distance (IBD) models of genetic neighbourhood area based on father-offspring distances provided direct estimates of mean gamete dispersal distances (r^) > 10 roosting home range equivalents. Indirect estimates based on genetic distance provided even larger estimates of r^, indicating direct estimates were biased low. These results suggest extra-group mating reduces the incidence of inbreeding in T. tricolor, and male gamete dispersal facilitates gene flow in lieu of natal dispersal of young.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Buchalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA.,Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - G Chaverri
- Universidad de Costa Rica, Golfito, 60701, Costa Rica
| | - M J Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
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21
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Moussy C, Hosken D, Mathews F, Smith G, Aegerter J, Bearhop S. Migration and dispersal patterns of bats and their influence on genetic structure. Mamm Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2012.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moussy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus, Penryn; Cornwall; TR10 9EZ; UK
| | - D.J. Hosken
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus, Penryn; Cornwall; TR10 9EZ; UK
| | - F. Mathews
- University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories; Prince of Wales Road; Exeter; EX4 4PS; UK
| | - G.C. Smith
- The Food and Environment Research Agency; Sand Hutton; York; YO41 1LZ; UK
| | - J.N. Aegerter
- The Food and Environment Research Agency; Sand Hutton; York; YO41 1LZ; UK
| | - S. Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation; University of Exeter; Tremough Campus, Penryn; Cornwall; TR10 9EZ; UK
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22
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Dixon MD. Population genetic structure and natal philopatry in the widespread North American batMyotis lucifugus. J Mammal 2011. [DOI: 10.1644/10-mamm-a-426.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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23
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Kerth G, VAN Schaik J. Causes and consequences of living in closed societies: lessons from a long-term socio-genetic study on Bechstein's bats. Mol Ecol 2011; 21:633-46. [PMID: 21883583 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the ecological, behavioural and genetic factors influencing animal social systems is crucial to investigating the evolution of sociality. Despite the recent advances in population genetic methods and the analysis of social interactions, long-term studies exploring the causes and consequences of social systems in wild mammals are rare. Here, we provide a synthesis of 15 years of data on the Bechstein's bat (Myotis bechsteinii), a species that raises its young in closed societies of 10-45 females living together for their entire lives and where immigration is virtually absent. We discuss the potential causes and consequences of living in closed societies, based on the available data on Bechstein's bat and other species with similar social systems. Using a combination of observational and genetic data on the bats together with genetic data on an ecto-parasite, we suggest that closed societies in Bechstein's bats are likely caused by a combination of benefits from cooperation with familiar colony members and parasite pressure. Consequences of this peculiar social system include increased sensitivity to demographic fluctuations and limits to dispersal during colony foundation, which have broad implications for conservation. We also hope to illustrate by synthesizing the results of this long-term study the diversity of tools that can be applied to hypothesize about the factors influencing a species' social system. We are convinced that with the expansion of the number of social mammals for which comparably detailed socio-genetic long-term data are available, future comparative studies will provide deeper insights into the evolution of closed societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kerth
- Zoological Institute & Museum, Greifswald University, J.-S.-Bach-Str. 11/12, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany Max-Planck-Institute for Ornithology, D-82319 Seewiesen, Germany
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24
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Assessing survival in a multi-population system: a case study on bat populations. Oecologia 2010; 165:925-33. [PMID: 20852896 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In long-lived animals, adult survival is among the most important determinants of population dynamics. Although it may show considerable variation both in time and among populations and sites, a single survival estimate per species is often used in comparative evolutionary studies or in conservation management to identify threatened populations. We estimated adult survival of the isabelline serotine bat Eptesicus isabellinus using capture-recapture data collected on six maternity colonies scattered over a large area (distance 8-103 km) during periods varying from 8 to 26 years. We modelled temporal and inter-colony variations as random effects in a Bayesian framework and estimated mean annual adult survival of females on two scales and a single survival value across all colonies. On a coarse scale, we grouped colonies according to two different habitat types and investigated the effect on survival. A difference in adult survival was detected between the two habitat types [posterior mean of annual survival probability 0.71; 95% credible interval (CI) 0.51-0.86 vs. 0.60; 0.28-0.89], but it was not statistically supported. On a fine scale, survival of the six colonies ranged between 0.58 (95% CI 0.23-0.92) and 0.81 (0.73-0.88), with variation between only two colonies being statistically supported. Overall survival was 0.72 (95% CI 0.57-0.93) with important inter-colony variability (on a logit scale 0.98; 95% CI 0.00-8.16). Survival varied temporally in a random fashion across colonies. Our results show that inference based solely on single colonies should be treated with caution and that a representative unbiased estimate of survival for any species should ideally be based on multiple populations.
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25
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VILLATE LAURE, ESMENJAUD DANIEL, VAN HELDEN MAARTEN, STOECKEL SOLENN, PLANTARD OLIVIER. Genetic signature of amphimixis allows for the detection and fine scale localization of sexual reproduction events in a mainly parthenogenetic nematode. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:856-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Rodrigues L, Ramos Pereira MJ, Rainho A, Palmeirim JM. Behavioural determinants of gene flow in the bat Miniopterus schreibersii. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Broquet T, Petit EJ. Molecular Estimation of Dispersal for Ecology and Population Genetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Broquet
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Eric J. Petit
- INRA/Agrocampus Ouest/Univ. Rennes 1, UMR 1099 BiO3P (Biology of Organisms and Populations applied to Plant Protection), Domaine de la Motte, 35653 Le Rheu, France;
- University Rennes 1/CNRS, UMR 6553 ECOBIO, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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28
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BRUYNDONCKX NADIA, HENRY ISABELLE, CHRISTE PHILIPPE, KERTH GERALD. Spatio-temporal population genetic structure of the parasitic miteSpinturnix bechsteiniis shaped by its own demography and the social system of its bat host. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:3581-92. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gauffre B, Petit E, Brodier S, Bretagnolle V, Cosson JF. Sex-biased dispersal patterns depend on the spatial scale in a social rodent. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 276:3487-94. [PMID: 19586945 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology because it influences the dynamics, genetic structure and persistence of populations. Furthermore, understanding the evolutionary causes of dispersal pattern, particularly when they differ between genders, is still a major question in evolutionary ecology. Using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, we investigated at different spatial scales the genetic structure and the sex-specific dispersal patterns in the common vole Microtus arvalis, a small colonial mammal. This study was conducted in an intensive agricultural area of western France. Hierarchical F(ST) analyses, relatedness and assignment tests suggested (i) that females are strongly kin-clustered within colonies; (ii) that dispersal is strongly male-biased at a local scale; and (iii) long-distance dispersal is not rare and more balanced between genders. We conclude that males migrate continuously from colony to colony to reproduce, whereas females may disperse just once and would be mainly involved in new colony foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gauffre
- INRA-EFPA, UMR Centre de Biologie et de Gestion des Populations (INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro), Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez cedex, France.
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30
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Floyd CH, Flores-Martínez JJ, Herrera M. LG, Mejía O, May B. Conserving the endangered Mexican fishing bat (Myotis vivesi): genetic variation indicates extensive gene flow among islands in the Gulf of California. CONSERV GENET 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-009-9902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Meyer CFJ, Kalko EKV, Kerth G. Small-Scale Fragmentation Effects on Local Genetic Diversity in Two Phyllostomid Bats with Different Dispersal Abilities in Panama. Biotropica 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2008.00443.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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BRYJA JOSEF, KAŇUCH PETER, FORNŮSKOVÁ ALENA, BARTONIČKA TOMÁŠ, ŘEHÁK ZDENĚK. Low population genetic structuring of two cryptic bat species suggests their migratory behaviour in continental Europe. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Vonhof MJ, Strobeck C, Fenton MB. Genetic Variation and Population Structure in Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus): Is Female Dispersal Important? J Mammal 2008. [DOI: 10.1644/08-mamm-s-062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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34
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35
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36
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Bilgin R, Karataş A, Coraman E, Disotell T, Morales JC. Regionally and climatically restricted patterns of distribution of genetic diversity in a migratory bat species, Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:209. [PMID: 18638374 PMCID: PMC2483726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various mechanisms such as geographic barriers and glacial episodes have been proposed as determinants of intra-specific and inter-specific differentiation of populations, and the distribution of their genetic diversity. More recently, habitat and climate differences, and corresponding adaptations have been shown to be forces influencing the phylogeographic evolution of some vertebrates. In this study, we examined the contribution of these various factors on the genetic differentiation of the bent-winged bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, in southeastern Europe and Anatolia. Results and conclusion Our results showed differentiation in mitochondrial DNA coupled with weaker nuclear differentiation. We found evidence for restriction of lineages to geographical areas for hundreds of generations. The results showed that the most likely ancestral haplotype was restricted to the same geographic area (the Balkans) for at least 6,000 years. We were able to delineate the migration routes during the population expansion process, which followed the coasts and the inland for different nested mitochondrial clades. Hence, we were able to describe a scenario showing how multiple biotic and abiotic events including glacial periods, climate and historical dispersal patterns complemented each other in causing regional and local differentiation within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raşit Bilgin
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek 34342, Istanbul, Turkey.
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37
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Evidence of recent population bottlenecks and inbreeding in British populations of Bechstein’s bat, Myotis bechsteinii. CONSERV GENET 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9639-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Ngamprasertwong T, Mackie IJ, Racey PA, Piertney SB. Spatial distribution of mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA variation in Daubenton's bat within Scotland. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3243-58. [PMID: 18565113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) is a known reservoir for European bat lyssavirus type 2 (EBLV-2). An appreciation of the potential for epidemiological spread and disease risk requires an understanding of the dispersal of the primary host, and any large-scale geographical barriers that may impede gene flow. The spatial pattern of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation was examined to infer patterns of dispersal of bats among 35 populations across Scotland. DNA sequence variation at the mitochondrial control region and ND1 genes revealed two distinct phylogeographical clades, with generally nonoverlapping geographical distributions except for a small number of populations where both matrilines were found in sympatry. Such discontinuity suggests that Scotland was recolonized twice following the retreat of the Pleistocene ice sheet with little subsequent matrilineal introgression. However, eight microsatellite loci showed low levels of genetic divergence among populations, even between populations from the two distinct mitochondrial DNA clades. An overall, macrogeographical genetic isolation-by-distance pattern was observed, with high levels of gene flow among local populations. Apparently contrasting patterns of mitochondrial and microsatellite divergence at different scales could be explained by sex-specific differences in gene flow at large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thongchai Ngamprasertwong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
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Revealing cryptic spatial patterns in genetic variability by a new multivariate method. Heredity (Edinb) 2008; 101:92-103. [PMID: 18446182 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2008.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is being devoted to taking landscape information into account in genetic studies. Among landscape variables, space is often considered as one of the most important. To reveal spatial patterns, a statistical method should be spatially explicit, that is, it should directly take spatial information into account as a component of the adjusted model or of the optimized criterion. In this paper we propose a new spatially explicit multivariate method, spatial principal component analysis (sPCA), to investigate the spatial pattern of genetic variability using allelic frequency data of individuals or populations. This analysis does not require data to meet Hardy-Weinberg expectations or linkage equilibrium to exist between loci. The sPCA yields scores summarizing both the genetic variability and the spatial structure among individuals (or populations). Global structures (patches, clines and intermediates) are disentangled from local ones (strong genetic differences between neighbors) and from random noise. Two statistical tests are proposed to detect the existence of both types of patterns. As an illustration, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) and sPCA are compared using simulated datasets and real georeferenced microsatellite data of Scandinavian brown bear individuals (Ursus arctos). sPCA performed better than PCA to reveal spatial genetic patterns. The proposed methodology is implemented in the adegenet package of the free software R.
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KERTH GERALD, PETROV BOYAN, CONTI ANDREJ, ANASTASOV DANIJELA, WEISHAAR MANFRED, GAZARYAN SUREN, JAQUIÉRY JULIE, KÖNIG BARBARA, PERRIN NICOLAS, BRUYNDONCKX NADIA. Communally breeding Bechstein's bats have a stable social system that is independent from the postglacial history and location of the populations. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:2368-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03768.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Chen SF, Jones G, Rossiter SJ. Sex-biased gene flow and colonization in the Formosan lesser horseshoe bat: inference from nuclear and mitochondrial markers. J Zool (1987) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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