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Global phylogeography of ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys spp.): evolution, demography, connectivity, and conservation. CONSERV GENET 2022; 23:995-1010. [PMID: 36397975 PMCID: PMC9659502 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01465-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Globally distributed marine taxa are well suited for investigations of biogeographic impacts on genetic diversity, connectivity, and population demography. The sea turtle genus Lepidochelys includes the wide-ranging and abundant olive ridley (L. olivacea), and the geographically restricted and ‘Critically Endangered’ Kemp’s ridley (L. kempii). To investigate their historical biogeography, we analyzed a large dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from olive (n = 943) and Kemp’s (n = 287) ridleys, and genotyped 15 nuclear microsatellite loci in a global sample of olive ridleys (n = 285). We found that the ridley species split ~ 7.5 million years ago, before the Panama Isthmus closure. The most ancient mitochondrial olive ridley lineage, located in the Indian Ocean, was dated to ~ 2.2 Mya. Both mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed significant structure for olive ridleys between Atlantic (ATL), East Pacific (EP), and Indo-West Pacific (IWP) areas. However, the divergence of mtDNA clades was very recent (< 1 Mya) with low within- clade diversity, supporting a recurrent extinction-recolonization model for these ocean regions. All data showed that ATL and IWP groups were more closely related than those in the EP, with mtDNA data supporting recent recolonization of the ATL from the IWP. Individual olive ridley dispersal between the ATL, EP, and IN/IWP could be interpreted as more male- than female-biased, and genetic diversity was lowest in the Atlantic Ocean. All populations showed signs of recent expansion, and estimated time frames were concordant with their recent colonization history. Investigating species abundance and distribution changes over time is central to evolutionary biology, and this study provides a historical biogeographic context for marine vertebrate conservation and management.
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van de Geer CH, Bourjea J, Broderick AC, Dalleau M, Fernandes RS, Harris LR, Inteca GE, Kiponda FK, Louro CMM, Mortimer JA, Msangameno D, Mwasi LD, Nel R, Okemwa GM, Olendo M, Pereira MAM, Rees AF, Silva I, Singh S, West L, Williams JL, Godley BJ. Marine turtles of the African east coast: current knowledge and priorities for conservation and research. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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3
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The population genomic structure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) suggests a warm-water corridor for tropical marine fauna between the Atlantic and Indian oceans during the last interglacial. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:510-521. [PMID: 34635850 PMCID: PMC8626443 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occasional westward transport of warm water of the Agulhas Current, "Agulhas leakage", around southern Africa has been suggested to facilitate tropical marine connectivity between the Atlantic and Indian oceans, but the "Agulhas leakage" hypothesis does not explain the signatures of eastward gene flow observed in many tropical marine fauna. We investigated an alternative hypothesis: the establishment of a warm-water corridor during comparatively warm interglacial periods. The "warm-water corridor" hypothesis was investigated by studying the population genomic structure of Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean green turtles (N = 27) using 12,035 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained via ddRAD sequencing. Model-based and multivariate clustering suggested a hierarchical population structure with two main Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean clusters, and a Caribbean and East Atlantic sub-cluster nested within the Atlantic cluster. Coalescent-based model selection supported a model where Southwest Indian Ocean and Caribbean populations diverged from the East Atlantic population during the transition from the last interglacial period (130-115 thousand years ago; kya) to the last glacial period (115-90 kya). The onset of the last glaciation appeared to isolate Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean green turtles into three refugia, which subsequently came into secondary contact in the Caribbean and Southwest Indian Ocean when global temperatures increased after the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings support the establishment of a warm-water corridor facilitating tropical marine connectivity between the Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean during warm interglacials.
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Loganathan AL, Palaniappan P, Subbiah VK. First Evidence of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) Infection in Green Turtles ( Chelonia mydas) from Sabah, Borneo. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111404. [PMID: 34832560 PMCID: PMC8624793 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) of sea turtles is characterised by cutaneous tumours and is associated with Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), an alphaherpesvirus from the family Herpesviridae. Here, we provide the first evidence of ChHV5-associated FP in endangered Green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from Sabah, which is located at the northern region of Malaysian Borneo. The aims of our study were firstly, to determine the presence of ChHV5 in both tumour exhibiting and tumour-free turtles using molecular techniques and secondly, to determine the phylogeography of ChHV5 in Sabah. We also aim to provide evidence of ChHV5 infection through histopathological examinations. A total of 115 Green turtles were sampled from Mabul Island, Sabah. We observed three Green turtles that exhibited FP tumours and were positive for ChHV5. In addition, six clinically healthy turtles (with no presence of tumours) were also positive for the virus based on Polymerase Chain Reaction of three viral genes (Capsid protein gene UL18, Glycoprotein H gene UL22, and Glycoprotein B gene UL27). The prevalence of the ChHV5 was 5.22% in asymptomatic Green turtles. Epidermal intranuclear inclusions were identified in tumour lesions upon histopathological examination. In addition, phylogenetic analyses of the UL18, UL22, UL27, and UL30 gene sequences showed a worldwide distribution of the ChHV5 strain with no clear distinction based on geographical location suggesting an interoceanic connection and movement of the sea turtles. Thus, the emergence of ChHV5 in Green turtles in the waters of Sabah could indicate a possible threat to sea turtle populations in the future and requires further monitoring of the populations along the Bornean coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Leela Loganathan
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Genomics Facility, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pushpa Palaniappan
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
| | - Vijay Kumar Subbiah
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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Humeau L, Le Corre M, Reynolds SJ, Wearn C, Hennicke JC, Russell JC, Gomard Y, Magalon H, Pinet P, Gélin P, Couzi F, Bemanaja E, Tatayah V, Ousseni B, Rocamora G, Talbot P, Shah N, Bugoni L, Da Silva D, Jaeger A. Genetic structuring among colonies of a pantropical seabird: Implication for subspecies validation and conservation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11886-11905. [PMID: 33209258 PMCID: PMC7663974 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of the genetic structure of populations over the entire range of a species yield valuable information about connectivity among populations. Seabirds are an intriguing taxon in this regard because they move extensively when not breeding, facilitating intermixing of populations, but breed consistently on the same isolated islands, restricting gene flow among populations. The degree of genetic structuring of populations varies extensively among seabird species but they have been understudied in their tropical ranges. Here, we address this across a broad spatial scale by using microsatellite and mitochondrial data to explore the population connectivity of 13 breeding populations representing the six subspecies of the white-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans. Our primary aim was to identify appropriate conservation units for this little known species. Three morphometric characters were also examined in the subspecies. We found a clear pattern of population structuring with four genetic groups. The most ancient and the most isolated group was in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. The South Atlantic populations and South Mozambique Channel population on Europa were genetically isolated and may have had a common ancestor. Birds from the Indo-Pacific region showed unclear and weak genetic differentiation. This structuring was most well defined from nuclear and mtDNA markers but was less well resolved by morphological data. The validity of classifying white-tailed tropicbirds into six distinct subspecies is discussed in light of our new findings. From a conservation standpoint our results highlight that the three most threatened conservation units for this species are the two subspecies of the tropical North and South Atlantic Oceans and that of Europa Island in the Indian Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Humeau
- UMR PVBMTUniversité de La RéunionCIRADSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
| | - Silas James Reynolds
- Centre for OrnithologySchool of BiosciencesCollege of Life & Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Army Ornithological Society (AOS)c/o Prince Consort LibraryAldershotHampshireUK
| | - Colin Wearn
- Royal Air Force Ornithological Society (RAFOS)Royal Air Force HeadquartersBuckinghamshireUK
| | - Janos C. Hennicke
- Department of Ecology and ConservationBiocentre GrindelUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de ChizéCEBC‐CNRSVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - James C. Russell
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of StatisticsUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Yann Gomard
- UMR PIMITCNRSINSERMIRDUniversité de La RéunionPlateforme Technologique CYROISainte‐ClotildeLa RéunionFrance
| | - Hélène Magalon
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
| | - Patrick Pinet
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
- Parc National de La RéunionLa Plaine des PalmistesLa RéunionFrance
| | - Pauline Gélin
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
| | | | - Etienne Bemanaja
- Centre National de Recherches Océanographiques (CNRO)Nosy BeMadagascar
| | | | | | - Gérard Rocamora
- Island Conservation SocietyMahéSeychelles
- Island Biodiversity and Conservation centreUniversity of SeychellesMahéSeychelles
| | | | - Nirmal Shah
- Nature SeychellesThe Center for Environment and EducationMahéSeychelles
| | - Leandro Bugoni
- Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)Rio GrandeBrazil
| | - Denis Da Silva
- UMR PVBMTUniversité de La RéunionCIRADSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- UMR ENTROPIEUniversité de La RéunionIRDCNRSSaint‐Denis Cedex 9La RéunionFrance
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Connectivity and population structure of albacore tuna across southeast Atlantic and southwest Indian Oceans inferred from multidisciplinary methodology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15657. [PMID: 32973260 PMCID: PMC7519111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72369-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is an important target of tuna fisheries in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The commercial catch of albacore is the highest globally among all temperate tuna species, contributing around 6% in weight to global tuna catches over the last decade. The accurate assessment and management of this heavily exploited resource requires a robust understanding of the species’ biology and of the pattern of connectivity among oceanic regions, yet Indian Ocean albacore population dynamics remain poorly understood and its level of connectivity with the Atlantic Ocean population is uncertain. We analysed morphometrics and genetics of albacore (n = 1,874) in the southwest Indian (SWIO) and southeast Atlantic (SEAO) Oceans to investigate the connectivity and population structure. Furthermore, we examined the species’ dispersal potential by modelling particle drift through major oceanographic features. Males appear larger than females, except in South African waters, yet the length–weight relationship only showed significant male–female difference in one region (east of Madagascar and Reunion waters). The present study produced a genetic differentiation between the southeast Atlantic and southwest Indian Oceans, supporting their demographic independence. The particle drift models suggested dispersal potential of early life stages from SWIO to SEAO and adult or sub-adult migration from SEAO to SWIO.
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Seascape Genetics and the Spatial Ecology of Juvenile Green Turtles. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030278. [PMID: 32150879 PMCID: PMC7140902 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how ocean currents impact the distribution and connectivity of marine species, provides vital information for the effective conservation management of migratory marine animals. Here, we used a combination of molecular genetics and ocean drift simulations to investigate the spatial ecology of juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) developmental habitats, and assess the role of ocean currents in driving the dispersal of green turtle hatchlings. We analyzed mitochondrial (mt)DNA sequenced from 358 juvenile green turtles, and from eight developmental areas located throughout the Southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). A mixed stock analysis (MSA) was applied to estimate the level of connectivity between developmental sites and published genetic data from 38 known genetic stocks. The MSA showed that the juvenile turtles at all sites originated almost exclusively from the three known SWIO stocks, with a clear shift in stock contributions between sites in the South and Central Areas. The results from the genetic analysis could largely be explained by regional current patterns, as shown by the results of passive numerical drift simulations linking breeding sites to developmental areas utilized by juvenile green turtles. Integrating genetic and oceanographic data helps researchers to better understand how marine species interact with ocean currents at different stages of their lifecycle, and provides the scientific basis for effective conservation management.
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Chambault P, Dalleau M, Nicet JB, Mouquet P, Ballorain K, Jean C, Ciccione S, Bourjea J. Contrasted habitats and individual plasticity drive the fine scale movements of juvenile green turtles in coastal ecosystems. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:1. [PMID: 31921423 PMCID: PMC6947949 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong behavioural plasticity is commonly evidenced in the movements of marine megafauna species, and it might be related to an adaptation to local conditions of the habitat. One way to investigate such behavioural plasticity is to satellite track a large number of individuals from contrasting foraging grounds, but despite recent advances in satellite telemetry techniques, such studies are still very limited in sea turtles. METHODS From 2010 to 2018, 49 juvenile green turtles were satellite tracked from five contrasting feeding grounds located in the South-West Indian Ocean in order to (1) assess the diel patterns in their movements, (2) investigate the inter-individual and inter-site variability, and (3) explore the drivers of their daily movements using both static (habitat type and bathymetry) and dynamic variables (daily and tidal cycles). RESULTS Despite similarities observed in four feeding grounds (a diel pattern with a decreased distance to shore and smaller home ranges at night), contrasted habitats (e.g. mangrove, reef flat, fore-reef, terrace) associated with different resources (coral, seagrass, algae) were used in each island. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile green turtles in the South-West Indian Ocean show different responses to contrasting environmental conditions - both natural (habitat type and tidal cycle) and anthropogenic (urbanised vs. uninhabited island) demonstrating the ability to adapt to modification of habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippine Chambault
- UMR MARBEC, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34200 Sète, France
| | - Mayeul Dalleau
- Centre d’Etude et de Découverte des Tortues Marines (CEDTM), 6 chemin Dubuisson, Appt. 5, 97436 Saint-Leu, La Réunion France
| | - Jean-Benoît Nicet
- GIE MAREX, 697 Chemin Surprise, La Fontaine, 97436 Saint Leu, La Réunion France
| | - Pascal Mouquet
- Université de La Réunion/UMR ESPACE-DEV, Antenne SEAS-OI, 40 Avenue de Soweto, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion France
| | - Katia Ballorain
- Centre d’Etude et de Découverte des Tortues Marines (CEDTM), 6 chemin Dubuisson, Appt. 5, 97436 Saint-Leu, La Réunion France
- Biodiversity French Agency, Mayotte and Glorieuses Marine Nature Parks, 6 chemin Dubuisson, Appt. 5, 97436 Saint-Leu, La Réunion France
| | - Claire Jean
- Kelonia, l’observatoire des tortues marines, 46 rue du Général de Gaulle, 97436 Saint Leu, La Réunion France
| | - Stéphane Ciccione
- Kelonia, l’observatoire des tortues marines, 46 rue du Général de Gaulle, 97436 Saint Leu, La Réunion France
| | - Jérôme Bourjea
- UMR MARBEC, IFREMER, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Avenue Jean Monnet, 34200 Sète, France
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Dalleau M, Kramer‐Schadt S, Gangat Y, Bourjea J, Lajoie G, Grimm V. Modeling the emergence of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots of the green sea turtle. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:10317-10342. [PMID: 31624552 PMCID: PMC6787826 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors shape the spatial distribution and dynamics of populations. Understanding how these factors interact with movement behavior is critical for efficient conservation, in particular for migratory species. Adult female green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, migrate between foraging and nesting sites that are generally separated by thousands of kilometers. As an emblematic endangered species, green turtles have been intensively studied, with a focus on nesting, migration, and foraging. Nevertheless, few attempts integrated these behaviors and their trade-offs by considering the spatial configurations of foraging and nesting grounds as well as environmental heterogeneity like oceanic currents and food distribution. We developed an individual-based model to investigate the impact of local environmental conditions on emerging migratory corridors and reproductive output and to thereby identify conservation priority sites. The model integrates movement, nesting, and foraging behavior. Despite being largely conceptual, the model captured realistic movement patterns which confirm field studies. The spatial distribution of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots was mostly constrained by features of the regional landscape, such as nesting site locations, distribution of feeding patches, and oceanic currents. These constraints also explained the mixing patterns in regional forager communities. By implementing alternative decision strategies of the turtles, we found that foraging site fidelity and nesting investment, two characteristics of green turtles' biology, are favorable strategies under unpredictable environmental conditions affecting their habitats. Based on our results, we propose specific guidelines for the regional conservation of green turtles as well as future research suggestions advancing spatial ecology of sea turtles. Being implemented in an easy to learn open-source software, our model can coevolve with the collection and analysis of new data on energy budget and movement into a generic tool for sea turtle research and conservation. Our modeling approach could also be useful for supporting the conservation of other migratory marine animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Dalleau
- Centre d'Etude et de Découverte des Tortues Marines (CEDTM)Saint Leu/La RéunionFrance
| | - Stephanie Kramer‐Schadt
- Department of Ecological DynamicsLeibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife ResearchBerlinGermany
- Department of EcologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Yassine Gangat
- LIM‐IREMIA, EA2525University of La Réunion, PTUSainte‐Clotilde/La RéunionFrance
| | - Jérôme Bourjea
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la MerMARBECUniversité de MontpellierCNRSIfremerIRDSète CedexFrance
| | - Gilles Lajoie
- UMR Espace‐DevUniversity of La RéunionSaint‐DenisFrance
| | - Volker Grimm
- Department of Ecological ModellingHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZLeipzigGermany
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam‐GolmGermany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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10
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Domiciano IG, Broadhurst MK, Domit C, Flaiban KKMC, Goldberg DW, Fritzen JTT, Bracarense APFRL. Chelonid Alphaherpesvirus 5 DNA in Fibropapillomatosis-Affected Chelonia mydas. ECOHEALTH 2019; 16:248-259. [PMID: 31124021 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-019-01412-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibropapillomatosis is a panzootic and chronic disease among Chelonia mydas-usually associated with anthropogenic impacts. This study contributes towards understanding fibropapillomatosis implications for C. mydas populations as a reflector of environmental quality, via prevalence and histological, molecular and blood analyses at a World Heritage site in southern Brazil. Sixty-three juvenile C. mydas (31.3-54.5 cm curved carapace length-CCL) were sampled during two years. Eighteen specimens (~ 29%) had tumours (which were biopsied), while 45 had none. Degenerative changes in the epidermis and Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 DNA detection with three variants support a herpesvirus infection. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that variants A and B were similar to a herpesvirus lineage from the Atlantic group, but variant C was similar to a herpesvirus from the eastern Pacific lineage and represents the first published case for marine turtles off Brazil. Significantly lower levels of seven blood parameters, but greater numbers of eosinophils, were observed in tumour-afflicted animals. These observations were attributed to metabolism efficiencies and/or differences in diet associated with temporal-recruitment bias and disease development, and greater non-specific immune stimulation. While most animals had adequate body condition independent of disease, longer-term studies are required to elucidate any protracted population effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela G Domiciano
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR 445 km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Camila Domit
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
- Associação MarBrasil - ONG, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina K M C Flaiban
- Laboratório de Patologia Clínica, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana T T Fritzen
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F R L Bracarense
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR 445 km 380, Londrina, Paraná, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
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Pfaller JB, Payton AC, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, McDaniel SF. Hitchhiking the high seas: Global genomics of rafting crabs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:957-974. [PMID: 30805133 PMCID: PMC6374717 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Population differentiation and diversification depend in large part on the ability and propensity of organisms to successfully disperse. However, our understanding of these processes in organisms with high dispersal ability is biased by the limited genetic resolution offered by traditional genotypic markers. Many neustonic animals disperse not only as pelagic larvae, but also as juveniles and adults while drifting or rafting at the surface of the open ocean. In theory, the heightened dispersal ability of these animals should limit opportunities for species diversification and population differentiation. To test these predictions, we used next-generation sequencing of genomewide restriction-site-associated DNA tags (RADseq) and traditional mitochondrial DNA sequencing, to investigate the species-level relationships and global population structure of Planes crabs collected from oceanic flotsam and sea turtles. Our results indicate that species diversity in this clade is low-likely three closely related species-with no evidence of cryptic or undescribed species. Moreover, our results indicate weak population differentiation among widely separated aggregations with genetic indices showing only subtle genetic discontinuities across all oceans of the world (RADseq F ST = 0.08-0.16). The results of this study provide unprecedented resolution of the systematics and global biogeography of this group and contribute valuable information to our understanding of how theoretical dispersal potential relates to actual population differentiation and diversification among marine organisms. Moreover, these results demonstrate the limitations of single gene analyses and the value of genomic-level resolution for estimating contemporary population structure in organisms with large, highly connected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Pfaller
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Caretta Research ProjectSavannahGeorgia
| | - Adam C. Payton
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Karen A. Bjorndal
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Alan B. Bolten
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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Singh SP, Groeneveld JC, Hart‐Davis MG, Backeberg BC, Willows‐Munro S. Seascape genetics of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean: Understanding how oceanographic features shape the genetic structure of species with high larval dispersal potential. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12221-12237. [PMID: 30598813 PMCID: PMC6303728 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the fine-scale population genetic structure and phylogeography of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean. A seascape genetics approach was used to relate the observed genetic structure based on 21 microsatellite loci to ocean circulation patterns, and to determine the influence of latitude, sea surface temperature (SST), and ocean turbidity (KD490) on population-level processes. At a geospatial level, the genetic clusters recovered corresponded to three putative subspecies, P. h. rubellus from the SW Indian Ocean, P. h. megasculptus from the NW Indian Ocean, and P. h. homarus from the tropical region in-between. Virtual passive Lagrangian particles advected using satellite-derived ocean surface currents were used to simulate larval dispersal. In the SW Indian Ocean, the dispersion of particles tracked over a 4-month period provided insight into a steep genetic gradient observed at the Delagoa Bight, which separates P. h. rubellus and P. h. homarus. South of the contact zone, particles were advected southwestwards by prevailing boundary currents or were retained in nearshore eddies close to release locations. Some particles released in southeast Madagascar dispersed across the Mozambique Channel and reached the African shelf. Dispersal was characterized by high seasonal and inter-annual variability, and a large proportion of particles were dispersed far offshore and presumably lost. In the NW Indian Ocean, particles were retained within the Arabian Sea. Larval retention and self-recruitment in the Arabian Sea could explain the recent genetic divergence between P. h. megasculptus and P. h. homarus. Geographic distance and minimum SST were significantly associated with genetic differentiation in multivariate analysis, suggesting that larval tolerance to SST plays a role in shaping the population structure of P. homarus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohana P. Singh
- Oceanographic Research InstituteMarine ParadeSouth Africa
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Johan C. Groeneveld
- Oceanographic Research InstituteMarine ParadeSouth Africa
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
| | - Michael G. Hart‐Davis
- Institute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- Department of Oceanography, Nansen‐Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental ResearchUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
- Egagasini NodeSouth African Environmental Observation NetworkCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Björn C. Backeberg
- Department of Oceanography, Nansen‐Tutu Centre for Marine Environmental ResearchUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Natural Resources and the EnvironmentCoastal Systems Research GroupStellenboschSouth Africa
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing CenterBergenNorway
| | - Sandi Willows‐Munro
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalPietermaritzburgSouth Africa
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13
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Morrison CL, Iwanowicz L, Work TM, Fahsbender E, Breitbart M, Adams C, Iwanowicz D, Sanders L, Ackermann M, Cornman RS. Genomic evolution, recombination, and inter-strain diversity of chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 from Florida and Hawaii green sea turtles with fibropapillomatosis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4386. [PMID: 29479497 PMCID: PMC5824677 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is a herpesvirus associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP) in sea turtles worldwide. Single-locus typing has previously shown differentiation between Atlantic and Pacific strains of this virus, with low variation within each geographic clade. However, a lack of multi-locus genomic sequence data hinders understanding of the rate and mechanisms of ChHV5 evolutionary divergence, as well as how these genomic changes may contribute to differences in disease manifestation. To assess genomic variation in ChHV5 among five Hawaii and three Florida green sea turtles, we used high-throughput short-read sequencing of long-range PCR products amplified from tumor tissue using primers designed from the single available ChHV5 reference genome from a Hawaii green sea turtle. This strategy recovered sequence data from both geographic regions for approximately 75% of the predicted ChHV5 coding sequences. The average nucleotide divergence between geographic populations was 1.5%; most of the substitutions were fixed differences between regions. Protein divergence was generally low (average 0.08%), and ranged between 0 and 5.3%. Several atypical genes originally identified and annotated in the reference genome were confirmed in ChHV5 genomes from both geographic locations. Unambiguous recombination events between geographic regions were identified, and clustering of private alleles suggests the prevalence of recombination in the evolutionary history of ChHV5. This study significantly increased the amount of sequence data available from ChHV5 strains, enabling informed selection of loci for future population genetic and natural history studies, and suggesting the (possibly latent) co-infection of individuals by well-differentiated geographic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Morrison
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Luke Iwanowicz
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Thierry M Work
- National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, US Geological Survey, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fahsbender
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Adams
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Deb Iwanowicz
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | - Lakyn Sanders
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, US Geological Survey, Kearneysville, WV, United States of America
| | | | - Robert S Cornman
- Fort Collins Science Center, US Geological Survey, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
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14
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Healey AJE, McKeown NJ, Taylor AL, Provan J, Sauer W, Gouws G, Shaw PW. Cryptic species and parallel genetic structuring in Lethrinid fish: Implications for conservation and management in the southwest Indian Ocean. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:2182-2195. [PMID: 29468035 PMCID: PMC5817149 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of genetic variation can provide insights into ecological and evolutionary diversification which, for commercially harvested species, can also be relevant to the implementation of spatial management strategies and sustainability. In comparison with other marine biodiversity hot spots, there has been less genetic research on the fauna of the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). This is epitomized by the lack of information for lethrinid fish, which support socioeconomically important fisheries in the region. This study combines comparative phylogeographic and population genetic analyses with ecological niche modeling to investigate historical and contemporary population dynamics of two species of emperor fish (Lethrinus mahsena and Lethrinus harak) across the SWIO. Both species shared similarly shallow phylogeographic patterns and modeled historical (LGM) habitat occupancies. For both species, allele frequency and kinship analyses of microsatellite variation revealed highly significant structure with no clear geographical pattern and nonrandom genetic relatedness among individuals within samples. The genetic patterns for both species indicate recurrent processes within the region that prevent genetic mixing, at least on timescales of interest to fishery managers, and the potential roles of recruitment variability and population isolation are discussed in light of biological and environmental information. This consistency in both historical and recurrent population processes indicates that the use of model species may be valuable in management initiatives with finite resources to predict population structure, at least in cases wherein biogeographic and ecological differences between taxa are minimized. Paradoxically, mtDNA sequencing and microsatellite analysis of samples from the Seychelles revealed a potential cryptic species occurring in sympatry with, and seemingly morphologically identical to, L. mahsena. BLAST results point to the likely misidentification of species and incongruence between voucher specimens, DNA barcodes, and taxonomy within the group, which highlights the utility and necessity of genetic approaches to characterize baseline biodiversity in the region before such model-based methods are employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J. E. Healey
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythDyfedUK
| | - Niall J. McKeown
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythDyfedUK
| | - Amy L. Taylor
- School of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway UniversityEgham HillEghamUK
| | - Jim Provan
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythDyfedUK
| | - Warwick Sauer
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries ScienceRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- South African Institute for Aquatic BiodiversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
| | - Paul W. Shaw
- Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythDyfedUK
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries ScienceRhodes UniversityGrahamstownSouth Africa
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15
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Abstract
Understanding how geography, oceanography, and climate have ultimately shaped marine biodiversity requires aligning the distributions of genetic diversity across multiple taxa. Here, we examine phylogeographic partitions in the sea against a backdrop of biogeographic provinces defined by taxonomy, endemism, and species composition. The taxonomic identities used to define biogeographic provinces are routinely accompanied by diagnostic genetic differences between sister species, indicating interspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. In cases where individual species are distributed across two or more biogeographic provinces, shifts in genotype frequencies often align with biogeographic boundaries, providing intraspecific concordance between biogeography and phylogeography. Here, we provide examples of comparative phylogeography from (i) tropical seas that host the highest marine biodiversity, (ii) temperate seas with high productivity but volatile coastlines, (iii) migratory marine fauna, and (iv) plankton that are the most abundant eukaryotes on earth. Tropical and temperate zones both show impacts of glacial cycles, the former primarily through changing sea levels, and the latter through coastal habitat disruption. The general concordance between biogeography and phylogeography indicates that the population-level genetic divergences observed between provinces are a starting point for macroevolutionary divergences between species. However, isolation between provinces does not account for all marine biodiversity; the remainder arises through alternative pathways, such as ecological speciation and parapatric (semiisolated) divergences within provinces and biodiversity hotspots.
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16
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Chouvelon T, Brach-Papa C, Auger D, Bodin N, Bruzac S, Crochet S, Degroote M, Hollanda SJ, Hubert C, Knoery J, Munschy C, Puech A, Rozuel E, Thomas B, West W, Bourjea J, Nikolic N. Chemical contaminants (trace metals, persistent organic pollutants) in albacore tuna from western Indian and south-eastern Atlantic Oceans: Trophic influence and potential as tracers of populations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 596-597:481-495. [PMID: 28458223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is a highly commercial fish species harvested in the world's Oceans. Identifying the potential links between populations is one of the key tools that can improve the current management across fisheries areas. In addition to characterising populations' contamination state, chemical compounds can help refine foraging areas, individual flows and populations' structure, especially when combined with other intrinsic biogeochemical (trophic) markers such as carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. This study investigated the bioaccumulation of seven selected trace metals - chromium, nickel, copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead - in the muscle of 443 albacore tunas, collected over two seasons and/or years in the western Indian Ocean (WIO: Reunion Island and Seychelles) and in the south-eastern Atlantic Ocean (SEAO: South Africa). The main factor that explained metal concentration variability was the geographic origin of fish, rather than the size and the sex of individuals, or the season/year of sampling. The elements Cu, Zn, Cd and Hg indicated a segregation of the geographic groups most clearly. For similar sized-individuals, tunas from SEAO had significantly higher concentrations in Cu, Zn and Cd, but lower Hg concentrations than those from WIO. Information inferred from the analysis of trophic markers (δ13C, δ15N) and selected persistent organic pollutants, as well as information on stomach contents, corroborated the geographical differences obtained by trace metals. It also highlighted the influence of trophic ecology on metal bioaccumulation. Finally, this study evidenced the potential of metals and chemical contaminants in general as tracers, by segregating groups of individuals using different food webs or habitats, to better understand spatial connectivity at the population scale. Limited flows of individuals between the SEAO and the WIO are suggested. Albacore as predatory fish also provided some information on environmental and food web chemical contamination in the different study areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Chouvelon
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France.
| | - Christophe Brach-Papa
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France; IFREMER, Unité Littoral, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence-Azur-Corse (LER-PAC), Zone portuaire de Brégaillon, BP 330, 83507 La Seyne sur Mer Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Auger
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- IRD, UMR MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Fishing Port, Victoria, Seychelles
| | - Sandrine Bruzac
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Sylvette Crochet
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Maxime Degroote
- IRD, UMR MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Fishing Port, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Clarisse Hubert
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Joël Knoery
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Catherine Munschy
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Organiques (LBCO), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Alexis Puech
- IFREMER, Délégation Océan Indien (DOI), Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France
| | - Emmanuelle Rozuel
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Bastien Thomas
- IFREMER, Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE), Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM), Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Wendy West
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Private Bag X2, Roggebaai 8012, South Africa
| | - Jérôme Bourjea
- IFREMER, UMR MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC), Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171, 34203 Sète Cedex, France
| | - Natacha Nikolic
- IFREMER, Délégation Océan Indien (DOI), Rue Jean Bertho, BP 60, 97822 Le Port Cedex, La Réunion, France; Agence de Recherche pour la Biodiversité à La REunion (ARBRE), 97460 Saint-Paul, La Réunion, France
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17
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Tethyan changes shaped aquatic diversification. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:874-896. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Postaire B, Gélin P, Bruggemann JH, Pratlong M, Magalon H. Population differentiation or species formation across the Indian and the Pacific Oceans? An example from the brooding marine hydrozoan Macrorhynchia phoenicea. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:8170-8186. [PMID: 29075441 PMCID: PMC5648676 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing population connectivity is necessary to construct effective marine protected areas. This connectivity depends, among other parameters, inherently on species dispersal capacities. Isolation by distance (IBD) is one of the main modes of differentiation in marine species, above all in species presenting low dispersal abilities. This study reports the genetic structuring in the tropical hydrozoan Macrorhynchia phoenicea α (sensu Postaire et al., 2016a), a brooding species, from 30 sampling sites in the Western Indian Ocean and the Tropical Southwestern Pacific, using 15 microsatellite loci. At the local scale, genet dispersal relied on asexual propagation at short distance, which was not found at larger scales. Considering one representative per clone, significant positive FIS values (from −0.327*** to 0.411***) were found within almost all sites. Gene flow was extremely low at all spatial scales, among sites within islands (<10 km distance) and among islands (100 to >11,000 km distance), with significant pairwise FST values (from 0.035*** to 0.645***). A general pattern of IBD was found at the Indo‐Pacific scale, but also within ecoregions in the Western Indian Ocean province. Clustering and network analyses identified each island as a potential independent population, while analysis of molecular variance indicated that population genetic differentiation was significant at small (within island) and intermediate (among islands within province) spatial scales. As shown by this species, a brooding life cycle might be corollary of the high population differentiation found in some coastal marine species, thwarting regular dispersal at distances more than a few kilometers and probably leading to high cryptic diversity, each island housing independent evolutionary lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bautisse Postaire
- UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion/CNRS/IRD Université de La Réunion Saint Denis France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France.,IMBE UMR 7263 Aix Marseille Université/CNRS/IRD/Avignon Université Marseille France
| | - Pauline Gélin
- UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion/CNRS/IRD Université de La Réunion Saint Denis France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
| | - J Henrich Bruggemann
- UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion/CNRS/IRD Université de La Réunion Saint Denis France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
| | - Marine Pratlong
- IMBE UMR 7263 Aix Marseille Université/CNRS/IRD/Avignon Université Marseille France.,I2M Equipe Evolution Biologique et Modélisation Aix Marseille Université/CNRS/Centrale Marseille Marseille France
| | - Hélène Magalon
- UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion/CNRS/IRD Université de La Réunion Saint Denis France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL Perpignan France
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19
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Postaire B, Gélin P, Bruggemann JH, Magalon H. One species for one island? Unexpected diversity and weak connectivity in a widely distributed tropical hydrozoan. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:385-394. [PMID: 28177325 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation by distance (IBD) is one of the main modes of differentiation in marine species, above all in species presenting low dispersal capacities. This study reports the genetic structuring in the tropical hydrozoan Lytocarpia brevirostris α (sensu Postaire et al, 2016b), a brooding species, from 13 populations in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) and one from New Caledonia (Tropical Southwestern Pacific). At the local scale, populations rely on asexual propagation at short distance, which was not found at larger scales; identical genotypes were restricted to single populations. After the removal of repeated genotypes, all populations presented significant positive FIS values (between 0.094*** and 0.335***). Gene flow was extremely low at all spatial scales, between sites within islands (<10 km distance) and among islands (100 to>11 000 km distance), with significant pairwise FST values (between 0.012*** and 0.560***). A general pattern of IBD was found at the Indo-Pacific scale, but also within sampled ecoregions of the WIO province. Clustering analyses identified each sampled island as an independent population, whereas analysis of molecular variance indicated that population genetic differentiation was significant at small (within island) and intermediate (among islands within province) spatial scales. The high population differentiation might reflect the life cycle of this brooding hydrozoan, possibly preventing regular dispersal at distances more than a few kilometres and probably leading to high cryptic diversity, each island housing an independent evolutionary lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Postaire
- Université de La Réunion, UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion-CNRS-IRD, Saint Denis, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - P Gélin
- Université de La Réunion, UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion-CNRS-IRD, Saint Denis, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - J H Bruggemann
- Université de La Réunion, UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion-CNRS-IRD, Saint Denis, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - H Magalon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR ENTROPIE Université de La Réunion-CNRS-IRD, Saint Denis, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
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20
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Iles Eparses (SW Indian Ocean) as reference ecosystems for environmental research. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Shamblin BM, Dutton PH, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Naro-Maciel E, Santos AJB, Bellini C, Baptistotte C, Marcovaldi MÂ, Nairn CJ. Deeper Mitochondrial Sequencing Reveals Cryptic Diversity and Structure in Brazilian Green Turtle Rookeries. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-1152.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Shamblin
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA [ ; ]
| | - Peter H. Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California 92037 USA [ ]
| | - Karen A. Bjorndal
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA [ ; ]
| | - Alan B. Bolten
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 USA [ ; ]
| | - Eugenia Naro-Maciel
- College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, New York 10314 USA [ ]
| | | | - Claudio Bellini
- Centro Nacional de Conservação e Manejo de Tartarugas Marinhas, TAMAR-ICMBio, Caixa Postal 2219 Rio Vermelho, CEP 41950-970, Salvador, BA, Brazil [ ; ]
| | - Cecilia Baptistotte
- Centro Nacional de Conservação e Manejo de Tartarugas Marinhas, TAMAR-ICMBio, Caixa Postal 2219 Rio Vermelho, CEP 41950-970, Salvador, BA, Brazil [ ; ]
| | | | - Campbell J. Nairn
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA [ ; ]
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22
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Vargas SM, Jensen MP, Ho SYW, Mobaraki A, Broderick D, Mortimer JA, Whiting SD, Miller J, Prince RIT, Bell IP, Hoenner X, Limpus CJ, Santos FR, FitzSimmons NN. Phylogeography, Genetic Diversity, and Management Units of Hawksbill Turtles in the Indo-Pacific. J Hered 2015; 107:199-213. [PMID: 26615184 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) populations have experienced global decline because of a history of intense commercial exploitation for shell and stuffed taxidermied whole animals, and harvest for eggs and meat. Improved understanding of genetic diversity and phylogeography is needed to aid conservation. In this study, we analyzed the most geographically comprehensive sample of hawksbill turtles from the Indo-Pacific Ocean, sequencing 766 bp of the mitochondrial control region from 13 locations (plus Aldabra, n = 4) spanning over 13500 km. Our analysis of 492 samples revealed 52 haplotypes distributed in 5 divergent clades. Diversification times differed between the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic lineages and appear to be related to the sea-level changes that occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum. We found signals of demographic expansion only for turtles from the Persian Gulf region, which can be tied to a more recent colonization event. Our analyses revealed evidence of transoceanic migration, including connections between feeding grounds from the Atlantic Ocean and Indo-Pacific rookeries. Hawksbill turtles appear to have a complex pattern of phylogeography, showing a weak isolation by distance and evidence of multiple colonization events. Our novel dataset will allow mixed-stock analyses of hawksbill turtle feeding grounds in the Indo-Pacific by providing baseline data needed for conservation efforts in the region. Eight management units are proposed in our study for the Indo-Pacific region that can be incorporated in conservation plans of this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Vargas
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia.
| | - Michael P Jensen
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Asghar Mobaraki
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Damien Broderick
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Jeanne A Mortimer
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Scott D Whiting
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Jeff Miller
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Robert I T Prince
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Ian P Bell
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Xavier Hoenner
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Fabrício R Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Nancy N FitzSimmons
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES 29043-900, Brazil (Vargas); School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Vargas and Ho); National Research Council under contract to Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA (Jensen); Natural History Museum and Genetic Resources Bureau, Department of the Environment Pardisan Eco-Park, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran (Mobaraki); Department of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia (Broderick); Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (Mortimer); Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, Australia (Whiting); Biological Research and Education Consultants, Missoula, MT (Miller); Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Australia (Prince); Marine Turtle Conservation Threatened Species Unit, Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Queensland, Australia (Bell); Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 110, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia (Hoenner); Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, Brisbane, Australia (Limpus); Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular (LBEM), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil (Santos); and Natural Environments Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia (FitzSimmons). Damien Broderick is now at 247 Anne St, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia. Jeanne A. Mortimer is now at PO Box 1443, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles. Scott Whiting is now at Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, 17 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
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Bourjea J, Dalleau M, Derville S, Beudard F, Marmoex C, M’Soili A, Roos D, Ciccione S, Frazier J. Seasonality, abundance, and fifteen-year trend in green turtle nesting activity at Itsamia, Moheli, Comoros. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2015. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Population structure enhances perspectives on regional management of the western Indian Ocean green turtle. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dutton PH, Jensen MP, Frey A, LaCasella E, Balazs GH, Zárate P, Chassin-Noria O, Sarti-Martinez AL, Velez E. Population structure and phylogeography reveal pathways of colonization by a migratory marine reptile (Chelonia mydas) in the central and eastern Pacific. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4317-31. [PMID: 25540693 PMCID: PMC4267870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate, behavior, ecology, and oceanography shape patterns of biodiversity in marine faunas in the absence of obvious geographic barriers. Marine turtles are an example of highly migratory creatures with deep evolutionary lineages and complex life histories that span both terrestrial and marine environments. Previous studies have focused on the deep isolation of evolutionary lineages (>3 mya) through vicariance; however, little attention has been given to the pathways of colonization of the eastern Pacific and the processes that have shaped diversity within the most recent evolutionary time. We sequenced 770 bp of the mtDNA control region to examine the stock structure and phylogeography of 545 green turtles from eight different rookeries in the central and eastern Pacific. We found significant differentiation between the geographically separated nesting populations and identified five distinct stocks (FST = 0.08–0.44, P < 0.005). Central and eastern Pacific Chelonia mydas form a monophyletic group containing 3 subclades, with Hawaii more closely related to the eastern Pacific than western Pacific populations. The split between sampled central/eastern and western Pacific haplotypes was estimated at around 0.34 mya, suggesting that the Pacific region west of Hawaii has been a more formidable barrier to gene flow in C. mydas than the East Pacific Barrier. Our results suggest that the eastern Pacific was colonized from the western Pacific via the Central North Pacific and that the Revillagigedos Islands provided a stepping-stone for radiation of green turtles from the Hawaiian Archipelago to the eastern Pacific. Our results fit with a broader paradigm that has been described for marine biodiversity, where oceanic islands, such as Hawaii and Revillagigedo, rather than being peripheral evolutionary “graveyards”, serve as sources and recipients of diversity and provide a mechanism for further radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Dutton
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Michael P Jensen
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Amy Frey
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - Erin LaCasella
- Marine Mammal & Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, California, 92037
| | - George H Balazs
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1845 Wasp Blvd., Honolulu, Hawaii, 96818
| | - Patricia Zárate
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida PO Box 118525, Gainesville, Florida, 32611
| | - Omar Chassin-Noria
- Facultad de Biología, Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología- UMSNH Morelia, Michoacán, 58030, México
| | - Adriana Laura Sarti-Martinez
- Dirección de Especies Prioritarias para la Conservación, CONANP Camino al Ajusco 200, 2° piso Ala Sur, Col. Jardines en la Montaña, México, DF, 14210, México
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Shamblin BM, Bolten AB, Abreu-Grobois FA, Bjorndal KA, Cardona L, Carreras C, Clusa M, Monzón-Argüello C, Nairn CJ, Nielsen JT, Nel R, Soares LS, Stewart KR, Vilaça ST, Türkozan O, Yilmaz C, Dutton PH. Geographic patterns of genetic variation in a broadly distributed marine vertebrate: new insights into loggerhead turtle stock structure from expanded mitochondrial DNA sequences. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85956. [PMID: 24465810 PMCID: PMC3900438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic studies have demonstrated that natal homing shapes the stock structure of marine turtle nesting populations. However, widespread sharing of common haplotypes based on short segments of the mitochondrial control region often limits resolution of the demographic connectivity of populations. Recent studies employing longer control region sequences to resolve haplotype sharing have focused on regional assessments of genetic structure and phylogeography. Here we synthesize available control region sequences for loggerhead turtles from the Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic, and western Indian Ocean basins. These data represent six of the nine globally significant regional management units (RMUs) for the species and include novel sequence data from Brazil, Cape Verde, South Africa and Oman. Genetic tests of differentiation among 42 rookeries represented by short sequences (380 bp haplotypes from 3,486 samples) and 40 rookeries represented by long sequences (∼800 bp haplotypes from 3,434 samples) supported the distinction of the six RMUs analyzed as well as recognition of at least 18 demographically independent management units (MUs) with respect to female natal homing. A total of 59 haplotypes were resolved. These haplotypes belonged to two highly divergent global lineages, with haplogroup I represented primarily by CC-A1, CC-A4, and CC-A11 variants and haplogroup II represented by CC-A2 and derived variants. Geographic distribution patterns of haplogroup II haplotypes and the nested position of CC-A11.6 from Oman among the Atlantic haplotypes invoke recent colonization of the Indian Ocean from the Atlantic for both global lineages. The haplotypes we confirmed for western Indian Ocean RMUs allow reinterpretation of previous mixed stock analysis and further suggest that contemporary migratory connectivity between the Indian and Atlantic Oceans occurs on a broader scale than previously hypothesized. This study represents a valuable model for conducting comprehensive international cooperative data management and research in marine ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Shamblin
- National Research Council Research Associateship Program, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration Fisheries, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alan B. Bolten
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - F. Alberto Abreu-Grobois
- Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Karen A. Bjorndal
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Luis Cardona
- Department of Animal Biology and IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Carreras
- Department of Animal Biology and IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Marine Turtle Research Group, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Peryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Clusa
- Department of Animal Biology and IRBio, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Catalina Monzón-Argüello
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Campbell J. Nairn
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Janne T. Nielsen
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ronel Nel
- Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Summerstrand Campus South, University Way, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Luciano S. Soares
- Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research and Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Projeto TAMAR-ICMBio, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Kelly R. Stewart
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration Fisheries, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- The Ocean Foundation, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Sibelle T. Vilaça
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade e Evolução Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Oguz Türkozan
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Can Yilmaz
- Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Peter H. Dutton
- Marine Mammal and Turtle Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration Fisheries, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Christianen MJA, Herman PMJ, Bouma TJ, Lamers LPM, van Katwijk MM, van der Heide T, Mumby PJ, Silliman BR, Engelhard SL, van de Kerk M, Kiswara W, van de Koppel J. Habitat collapse due to overgrazing threatens turtle conservation in marine protected areas. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20132890. [PMID: 24403341 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are key tools for combatting the global overexploitation of endangered species. The prevailing paradigm is that MPAs are beneficial in helping to restore ecosystems to more 'natural' conditions. However, MPAs may have unintended negative effects when increasing densities of protected species exert destructive effects on their habitat. Here, we report on severe seagrass degradation in a decade-old MPA where hyper-abundant green turtles adopted a previously undescribed below-ground foraging strategy. By digging for and consuming rhizomes and roots, turtles create abundant bare gaps, thereby enhancing erosion and reducing seagrass regrowth. A fully parametrized model reveals that the ecosystem is approaching a tipping point, where consumption overwhelms regrowth, which could potentially lead to complete collapse of the seagrass habitat. Seagrass recovery will not ensue unless turtle density is reduced to nearly zero, eliminating the MPA's value as a turtle reserve. Our results reveal an unrecognized, yet imminent threat to MPAs, as sea turtle densities are increasing at major nesting sites and the decline of seagrass habitat forces turtles to concentrate on the remaining meadows inside reserves. This emphasizes the need for policy and management approaches that consider the interactions of protected species with their habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, , Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Spatial Ecology Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), , PO Box 140, 4400 AC Yerseke, The Netherlands, Community and Conservation Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES), University of Groningen, , PO Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands, Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, , St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia, Division of Marine Sciences and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, , 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516-9721, USA, Research Centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, , Jl. Pasir Putih No. 1, Ancol Timur Jakarta Utara, Indonesia
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28
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Anastácio R, Santos C, Lopes C, Moreira H, Souto L, Ferrão J, Garnier J, Pereira MJ. Reproductive biology and genetic diversity of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) in Vamizi island, Mozambique. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:540. [PMID: 26034669 PMCID: PMC4447848 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Vamizi, an Island located in the Western Indian Ocean, is visited by a small and not fully characterized green turtle (Chelonia mydas (L.)) population. This population is threatened by natural hazards and several human activities, which are used to identify conservation priorities for marine turtles. It was our aim to contribute to the knowledge of marine turtles that nest in Vamizi, with respect to its regional management, and to an area that may possibly be included on the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its potential Outstanding Universal Value. Case description Here, we evaluate the nesting parameters (incubation period, clutch size, hatching and emergence successes rates) and patterns over an 8-year (2003 – 2010) conservation program. We also present the results of genetic diversity based on the analysis of approximately an 850 pb fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region. Discussion and evaluation We found that Vamizi beaches host a small number of nesting females, approximately 52 per year, but these have shown a reduction in their length. High hatching success (88.5 ± SD 17.2%, N = 649), emergence success rates (84.5 ± SD 20.4%, N = 649) were observed, and genetic diversity (N = 135), with 11 haplotypes found (7 new). It was also observed, in the later years of this study, a reduction in the incubation period, a dislocation of the nesting peak activity and an increase in the number of flooded nests and an increase of the number of nests in areas with lower human activity. Conclusions Some resilience and behavioral plasticity seems to occur regarding human territory occupancy and climate changes. However, regardless of the results, aspects like what seems to be the reduction of some cohorts, the number of flooded nests and the diminishing of the incubation period (East and South facing beaches), show that conservation efforts have to be improved. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-540) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Anastácio
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Camila Santos
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cardoso Lopes
- Maluane - Cabo Delgado Conservation and Tourism, Pemba, Mozambique
| | - Helena Moreira
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luis Souto
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferrão
- Maluane - Cabo Delgado Conservation and Tourism, Pemba, Mozambique ; Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Julie Garnier
- The Zological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY UK
| | - Mário J Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia e CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ; AFPR - A For Plankton Research, 3800-365 Aveiro, Portugal
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Putman NF, Naro-Maciel E. Finding the 'lost years' in green turtles: insights from ocean circulation models and genetic analysis. Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20131468. [PMID: 23945687 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal movement is an essential component of ecological processes and connectivity among ecosystems. However, estimating connectivity and identifying corridors of movement are challenging in oceanic organisms such as young turtles that disperse into the open sea and remain largely unobserved during a period known as 'the lost years'. Using predictions of transport within an ocean circulation model and data from published genetic analysis, we present to our knowledge, the first basin-scale hypothesis of distribution and connectivity among major rookeries and foraging grounds (FGs) of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) during their 'lost years'. Simulations indicate that transatlantic dispersal is likely to be common and that recurrent connectivity between the southwestern Indian Ocean and the South Atlantic is possible. The predicted distribution of pelagic juvenile turtles suggests that many 'lost years hotspots' are presently unstudied and located outside protected areas. These models, therefore, provide new information on possible dispersal pathways that link nesting beaches with FGs. These pathways may be of exceptional conservation concern owing to their importance for sea turtles during a critical developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan F Putman
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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Muths D, Le Couls S, Evano H, Grewe P, Bourjea J. Multi-genetic marker approach and spatio-temporal analysis suggest there is a single panmictic population of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Indian Ocean. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63558. [PMID: 23717447 PMCID: PMC3661515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic population structure of swordfish Xiphias gladius was examined based on 2231 individual samples, collected mainly between 2009 and 2010, among three major sampling areas within the Indian Ocean (IO; twelve distinct sites), Atlantic (two sites) and Pacific (one site) Oceans using analysis of nineteen microsatellite loci (n = 2146) and mitochondrial ND2 sequences (n = 2001) data. Sample collection was stratified in time and space in order to investigate the stability of the genetic structure observed with a special focus on the South West Indian Ocean. Significant AMOVA variance was observed for both markers indicating genetic population subdivision was present between oceans. Overall value of F-statistics for ND2 sequences confirmed that Atlantic and Indian Oceans swordfish represent two distinct genetic stocks. Indo-Pacific differentiation was also significant but lower than that observed between Atlantic and Indian Oceans. However, microsatellite F-statistics failed to reveal structure even at the inter-oceanic scale, indicating that resolving power of our microsatellite loci was insufficient for detecting population subdivision. At the scale of the Indian Ocean, results obtained from both markers are consistent with swordfish belonging to a single unique panmictic population. Analyses partitioned by sampling area, season, or sex also failed to identify any clear structure within this ocean. Such large spatial and temporal homogeneity of genetic structure, observed for such a large highly mobile pelagic species, suggests as satisfactory to consider swordfish as a single panmictic population in the Indian Ocean.
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31
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Natal Homing and Imprinting in Sea Turtles. THE BIOLOGY OF SEA TURTLES, VOLUME III 2013. [DOI: 10.1201/b13895-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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32
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Mortimer JA. Seasonality of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Reproduction at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles (1980–2011) in the Regional Context of the Western Indian Ocean. CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0941.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Nesting phenology of marine turtles: insights from a regional comparative analysis on green turtle (Chelonia mydas). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46920. [PMID: 23056527 PMCID: PMC3467270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in phenology, the timing of seasonal activities, are among the most frequently observed responses to environmental disturbances and in marine species are known to occur in response to climate changes that directly affects ocean temperature, biogeochemical composition and sea level. We examined nesting seasonality data from long-term studies at 8 green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries that include 21 specific nesting sites in the South-West Indian Ocean (SWIO). We demonstrated that temperature drives patterns of nesting seasonality at the regional scale. We found a significant correlation between mean annual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and dates of peak nesting with rookeries exposed to higher SST having a delayed nesting peak. This supports the hypothesis that temperature is the main factor determining peak nesting dates. We also demonstrated a spatial synchrony in nesting activity amongst multiple rookeries in the northern part of the SWIO (Aldabra, Glorieuses, Mohéli, Mayotte) but not with the eastern and southern rookeries (Europa, Tromelin), differences which could be attributed to females with sharply different adult foraging conditions. However, we did not detect a temporal trend in the nesting peak date over the study period or an inter-annual relation between nesting peak date and SST. The findings of our study provide a better understanding of the processes that drive marine species phenology. The findings will also help to predict their ability to cope with climate change and other environmental perturbations. Despite demonstrating this spatial shift in nesting phenology, no trend in the alteration of nesting dates over more than 20 years was found.
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Status and community-based conservation of marine turtles in the northern Querimbas Islands (Mozambique). ORYX 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0030605311001566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSituated in the northernmost part of Mozambique, the northern Querimbas Islands support some of the most diverse and pristine coral reefs in the Western Indian Ocean. The community-based turtle conservation programme that we developed on Vamizi Island has facilitated the identification and protection of a key nesting site for the green marine turtle Chelonia mydas in Mozambique, with a mean of 122 nests per year. The area is also used by nesting female and immature hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata. Nesting activity of green turtles was observed all year round, with a peak in the summer (February–March). Incubation periods of this species showed seasonal fluctuations inversely correlated with air temperature. Hatching success was high (87%) when nests were not lost through tidal overwash and erosion, which affected nearly 40% of all nests in 2007. Using satellite tracking of four green turtles nesting on Vamizi we identified foraging grounds in marine protected areas in Kenya, Tanzania and north-west Madagascar. Migratory routes of two individuals along the East African coast were generally neritic and all passed through the waters of multiple nations and as many as six marine conservation areas, emphasizing the importance of regional cooperation. Awareness programmes were also conducted with resource users, and the development of a community-based management system triggered the creation of a marine sanctuary by the local community.
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35
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Daly-Engel TS, Randall JE, Bowen BW. Is the Great Barracuda ( Sphyraena barracuda) a reef fish or a pelagic fish? The phylogeographic perspective. MARINE BIOLOGY 2012; 159:975-985. [PMID: 25594680 PMCID: PMC3784357 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-012-1878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Current taxonomy indicates a single global species of the Great Barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda) despite differences in color and behavior between Atlantic and Pacific forms. To investigate these differences and qualify the dispersal characteristics of this unique coastal- pelagic teleost (bony fish), we conducted a global phylogeographic survey of 246 specimens from thirteen sampling locations using a 629-base pair fragment of mtDNA cytochrome b. Data indicate high overall gene flow in the Indo-Pacific over large distances (>16,500 km) bridging several biogeographic barriers. The West Atlantic population contains an mtDNA lineage that is divergent from the Indo-Pacific (d = 1.9%), while the East Atlantic (N = 23) has two mutations (d = 0.6%) apart from the Indo-Pacific. While we cannot rule out distinct evolutionary partitions among ocean basins based on behavior, coloration, and near-monophyly between Atlantic and Indo-Pacific subpopulations, more investigation is required before taxonomic status is revised. Overall, the pattern of high global dispersal and connectivity in S. barracuda more closely resembles those reported for large oceanic predators than reef-associated teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby S Daly-Engel
- Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - John E Randall
- Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817-2704, USA
| | - Brian W Bowen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA
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Shamblin BM, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Hillis-Starr ZM, Lundgren I, Naro-Maciel E, Nairn CJ. Mitogenomic sequences better resolve stock structure of southern Greater Caribbean green turtle rookeries. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:2330-40. [PMID: 22432442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of mitochondrial control region polymorphisms have supported the presence of several demographically independent green turtle (Chelonia mydas) rookeries in the Greater Caribbean region. However, extensive sharing of common haplotypes based on 490-bp control region sequences confounds assessment of the scale of natal homing and population structure among regional rookeries. We screened the majority of the mitochondrial genomes of 20 green turtles carrying the common haplotype CM-A5 and representing the rookeries of Buck Island, St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands (USVI); Aves Island, Venezuela; Galibi, Suriname; and Tortuguero, Costa Rica. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified that subdivided CM-A5 among regions. Mitogenomic pairwise φ(ST) values of eastern Caribbean rookery comparisons were markedly lower than the respective pairwise F(ST) values. This discrepancy results from the presence of haplotypes representing two divergent lineages in each rookery, highlighting the importance of choosing the appropriate test statistic for addressing the study question. Haplotype frequency differentiation supports demographic independence of Aves Island and Suriname, emphasizing the need to recognize the smaller Aves rookery as a distinct management unit. Aves Island and Buck Island rookeries shared mitogenomic haplotypes; however, frequency divergence suggests that the Buck Island rookery is sufficiently demographically isolated to warrant management unit status for the USVI rookeries. Given that haplotype sharing among rookeries is common in marine turtles with cosmopolitan distributions, mitogenomic sequencing may enhance inferences of population structure and phylogeography, as well as improve the resolution of mixed stock analyses aimed at estimating natal origins of foraging turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Shamblin
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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Spatial and temporal arrival patterns of Madagascar's vertebrate fauna explained by distance, ocean currents, and ancestor type. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5352-7. [PMID: 22431643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1113993109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How, when, and from where Madagascar's vertebrates arrived on the island is poorly known, and a comprehensive explanation for the distribution of its organisms has yet to emerge. We begin to break that impasse by analyzing vertebrate arrival patterns implied by currently existing taxa. For each of 81 clades, we compiled arrival date, source, and ancestor type (obligate freshwater, terrestrial, facultative swimmer, or volant). We analyzed changes in arrival rates, with and without adjusting for clade extinction. Probability of successful transoceanic dispersal is negatively correlated with distance traveled and influenced by ocean currents and ancestor type. Obligate rafters show a decrease in probability of successful transoceanic dispersal from the Paleocene onward, reaching the lowest levels after the mid-Miocene. This finding is consistent with a paleoceanographic model [Ali JR, Huber M (2010) Nature 463:653-656] that predicts Early Cenozoic surface currents periodically conducive to rafting or swimming from Africa, followed by a reconfiguration to present-day flow 15-20 million years ago that significantly diminished the ability for transoceanic dispersal to Madagascar from the adjacent mainland.
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38
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Amorocho DF, Abreu-Grobois FA, Dutton PH, Reina RD. Multiple distant origins for green sea turtles aggregating off Gorgona Island in the Colombian eastern Pacific. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31486. [PMID: 22319635 PMCID: PMC3271101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA analyses have been useful for resolving maternal lineages and migratory behavior to foraging grounds (FG) in sea turtles. However, little is known about source rookeries and haplotype composition of foraging green turtle aggregations in the southeastern Pacific. We used mitochondrial DNA control region sequences to identify the haplotype composition of 55 green turtles, Chelonia mydas, captured in foraging grounds of Gorgona National Park in the Colombian Pacific. Amplified fragments of the control region (457 bp) revealed the presence of seven haplotypes, with haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities of h = 0.300±0.080 and π = 0.009±0.005 respectively. The most common haplotype was CMP4 observed in 83% of individuals, followed by CMP22 (5%). The genetic composition of the Gorgona foraging population primarily comprised haplotypes that have been found at eastern Pacific rookeries including Mexico and the Galapagos, as well as haplotypes of unknown stock origin that likely originated from more distant western Pacific rookeries. Mixed stock analysis suggests that the Gorgona FG population is comprised mostly of animals from the Galapagos rookery (80%). Lagrangian drifter data showed that movement of turtles along the eastern Pacific coast and eastward from distant western and central Pacific sites was possible through passive drift. Our results highlight the importance of this protected area for conservation management of green turtles recruited from distant sites along the eastern Pacific Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Amorocho
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Research Center for Environmental Management and Development, Cali, Colombia
| | - F. Alberto Abreu-Grobois
- Unidad Académica Mazatlan, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mazatlan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Peter H. Dutton
- Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Reina
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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39
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Ureña-Aranda CA, de los Monteros AE. The genetic crisis of the Mexican Bolson Tortoise (Gopherus flavomarginatus: Testudinidae). AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2012. [DOI: 10.1163/156853811x621508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gopherusflavomarginatus(Testudinidae) is endemic to a series of discontinuous, isolated basins collectively known as the Bolson de Mapimí in the Chihuahuan Desert. Its numbers declined after catastrophic levels of exploitation during the mid-20th century. However currently, the Bolson Tortoise appears to be on a path to recovery owing to intensive, sustained conservation efforts. We sequenced an 842-bp-long fragment of the D-loop from 76 individuals distributed throughout the species’ range. The results revealed only two haplotypes. An AMOVA showed that 95% of the variance occurred among populations, whereas the remaining 5% was explained by genetic differences within populations. Tectonic processes together with ecological transformation during the Pleistocene and Holocene may be responsible for the reduction in this species’ genetic variation. A bottleneck during which a significant percentage of the haplotype diversity was lost would result in genetic homogeneity. Although there is demographic growth, the lack of genetic diversity is indicative of the potential crisis that the Bolson Tortoise is facing, and awareness must be brought to this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthya Alejandra Ureña-Aranda
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Filogenética, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, México
| | - Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros
- Laboratorio de Sistemática Filogenética, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, México
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40
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Mortimer JA, von Brandis RG, Liljevik A, Chapman R, Collie J. Fall and Rise of Nesting Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Aldabra Atoll, Seychelles: Positive Response to Four Decades of Protection (1968–2008). CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2744/ccb-0872.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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PORTNOY DAVIDS, MCDOWELL JANR, HEIST EDWARDJ, MUSICK JOHNA, GRAVES JOHNE. World phylogeography and male-mediated gene flow in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:1994-2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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NARO‐MACIEL EUGENIA, REID BRENDAN, FITZSIMMONS NANCYN, LE MINH, DESALLE ROB, AMATO GEORGE. DNA barcodes for globally threatened marine turtles: a registry approach to documenting biodiversity. Mol Ecol Resour 2010; 10:252-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02747.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- EUGENIA NARO‐MACIEL
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - BRENDAN REID
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - NANCY N. FITZSIMMONS
- Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - MINH LE
- Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, Vietnam National University, 19 Le Thanh Tong St., Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Herpetology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - ROB DESALLE
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - GEORGE AMATO
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
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Rosenbaum HC, Pomilla C, Mendez M, Leslie MS, Best PB, Findlay KP, Minton G, Ersts PJ, Collins T, Engel MH, Bonatto SL, Kotze DPGH, Meÿer M, Barendse J, Thornton M, Razafindrakoto Y, Ngouessono S, Vely M, Kiszka J. Population structure of humpback whales from their breeding grounds in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7318. [PMID: 19812698 PMCID: PMC2754530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although humpback whales are among the best-studied of the large whales, population boundaries in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) have remained largely untested. We assess population structure of SH humpback whales using 1,527 samples collected from whales at fourteen sampling sites within the Southwestern and Southeastern Atlantic, the Southwestern Indian Ocean, and Northern Indian Ocean (Breeding Stocks A, B, C and X, respectively). Evaluation of mtDNA population structure and migration rates was carried out under different statistical frameworks. Using all genetic evidence, the results suggest significant degrees of population structure between all ocean basins, with the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean most differentiated from each other. Effective migration rates were highest between the Southeastern Atlantic and the Southwestern Indian Ocean, followed by rates within the Southeastern Atlantic, and the lowest between the Southwestern and Northern Indian Ocean. At finer scales, very low gene flow was detected between the two neighbouring sub-regions in the Southeastern Atlantic, compared to high gene flow for whales within the Southwestern Indian Ocean. Our genetic results support the current management designations proposed by the International Whaling Commission of Breeding Stocks A, B, C, and X as four strongly structured populations. The population structure patterns found in this study are likely to have been influenced by a combination of long-term maternally directed fidelity of migratory destinations, along with other ecological and oceanographic features in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard C Rosenbaum
- Cetacean Conservation and Research Program, Global Conservation-Marine, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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Poloczanska ES, Limpus CJ, Hays GC. Chapter 2. Vulnerability of marine turtles to climate change. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2009; 56:151-211. [PMID: 19895975 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2881(09)56002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Marine turtles are generally viewed as vulnerable to climate change because of the role that temperature plays in the sex determination of embryos, their long life history, long age-to-maturity and their highly migratory nature. Extant species of marine turtles probably arose during the mid-late Jurassic period (180-150 Mya) so have survived past shifts in climate, including glacial periods and warm events and therefore have some capacity for adaptation. The present-day rates of increase of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, and associated temperature changes, are very rapid; the capacity of marine turtles to adapt to this rapid change may be compromised by their relatively long generation times. We consider the evidence and likely consequences of present-day trends of climate change on marine turtles. Impacts are likely to be complex and may be positive as well as negative. For example, rising sea levels and increased storm intensity will negatively impact turtle nesting beaches; however, extreme storms can also lead to coastal accretion. Alteration of wind patterns and ocean currents will have implications for juveniles and adults in the open ocean. Warming temperatures are likely to impact directly all turtle life stages, such as the sex determination of embryos in the nest and growth rates. Warming of 2 degrees C could potentially result in a large shift in sex ratios towards females at many rookeries, although some populations may be resilient to warming if female biases remain within levels where population success is not impaired. Indirectly, climate change is likely to impact turtles through changes in food availability. The highly migratory nature of turtles and their ability to move considerable distances in short periods of time should increase their resilience to climate change. However, any such resilience of marine turtles to climate change is likely to be severely compromised by other anthropogenic influences. Development of coastlines may threaten nesting beaches and reproductive success, and pollution and eutrophication is threatening important coastal foraging habitats for turtles worldwide. Exploitation and bycatch in other fisheries has seriously reduced marine turtle populations. The synergistic effects of other human-induced stressors may seriously reduce the capacity of some turtle populations to adapt to the current rates of climate change. Conservation recommendations to increase the capacity of marine turtle populations to adapt to climate change include increasing population resilience, for example by the use of turtle exclusion devices in fisheries, protection of nesting beaches from the viewpoints of both conservation and coastal management, and increased international conservation efforts to protect turtles in regions where there is high unregulated or illegal fisheries (including turtle harvesting). Increasing research efforts on the critical knowledge gaps of processes influencing population numbers, such as identifying ocean foraging hotspots or the processes that underlie the initiation of nesting migrations and selection of breeding areas, will inform adaptive management in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S Poloczanska
- Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Cleveland, Queensland 4163, Australia
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Lee JCI, Tsai LC, Liao SP, Linacre A, Hsieh HM. Species identification using the cytochrome b gene of commercial turtle shells. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2008; 3:67-73. [PMID: 19215874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Turtle shells and their gelled products are familiar in some countries as foods, tonics and medicines. These shells may come from endangered and protected species, requiring the identification of the species present to enforce national and international legislation. We report on the design of five combinations of primer pairs for the identification of turtle shells and shell fragments used as ornaments, food products and medicines. The types of samples used are those encountered frequently and will typically contain highly degraded DNA. The success rate for species identification using the test described is dependent upon the choice of primer sets used and the length of the expected amplification product. Gelled products were simulated by the process of decoction for up to 12 h, after which all the turtle species could be identified from the liquid samples. This study establishes a method for the identification of commercial turtle shells and illustrates a simulated case using gelled products.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chun-I Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1 Jen-Ai Road Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan, ROC
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Evolutionary relationships of marine turtles: A molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2008; 49:659-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The seven species of sea turtles occupy a diversity of niches, and have a history tracing back over 100 million years, yet all share basic life-history features, including exceptional navigation skills and periodic migrations from feeding to breeding habitats. Here, we review the biogeographic, behavioural, and ecological factors that shape the distribution of genetic diversity in sea turtles. Natal homing, wherein turtles return to their region of origin for mating and nesting, has been demonstrated with mtDNA sequences. These maternally inherited markers show strong population structure among nesting colonies while nuclear loci reveal a contrasting pattern of male-mediated gene flow, a phenomenon termed 'complex population structure'. Mixed-stock analyses indicate that multiple nesting colonies can contribute to feeding aggregates, such that exploitation of turtles in these habitats can reduce breeding populations across the region. The mtDNA data also demonstrate migrations across entire ocean basins, some of the longest movements of marine vertebrates. Multiple paternity occurs at reported rates of 0-100%, and can vary by as much as 9-100% within species. Hybridization in almost every combination among members of the Cheloniidae has been documented but the frequency and ultimate ramifications of hybridization are not clear. The global phylogeography of sea turtles reveals a gradient based on habitat preference and thermal regime. The cold-tolerant leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) shows no evolutionary partitions between Indo-Pacific and Atlantic populations, while the tropical green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea vs. L. kempi) have ancient separations between oceans. Ridleys and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) also show more recent colonization between ocean basins, probably mediated by warm-water gyres that occasionally traverse the frigid upwelling zone in southern Africa. These rare events may be sufficient to prevent allopatric speciation under contemporary geographic and climatic conditions. Genetic studies have advanced our understanding of marine turtle biology and evolution, but significant gaps persist and provide challenges for the next generation of sea turtle geneticists.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Bowen
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA.
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