1
|
Xu X, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Li Q, Wang W, Chen L, Chen G, Ng WL, Islam MN, Punnarak P, Zheng H, Zhu X. A comparison of 25 complete chloroplast genomes between sister mangrove species Kandelia obovata and Kandelia candel geographically separated by the South China Sea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1075353. [PMID: 36684775 PMCID: PMC9845719 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1075353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2003, Kandelia obovata was identified as a new mangrove species differentiated from Kandelia candel. However, little is known about their chloroplast (cp) genome differences and their possible ecological significance. In this study, 25 whole cp genomes, with seven samples of K. candel from Malaysia, Thailand, and Bangladesh and 18 samples of K. obovata from China, were sequenced for comparison. The cp genomes of both species encoded 128 genes, namely 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes, but the cp genome size of K. obovata was ~2 kb larger than that of K. candle due to the presence of more and longer repeat sequences. Of these, tandem repeats and simple sequence repeats exhibited great differences. Principal component analysis based on indels, and phylogenetic tree analyses constructed with homologous protein genes from the single-copy genes, as well as 38 homologous pair genes among 13 mangrove species, gave strong support to the separation of the two species within the Kandelia genus. Homologous genes ndhD and atpA showed intraspecific consistency and interspecific differences. Molecular dynamics simulations of their corresponding proteins, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase chain 4 (NDH-D) and ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP-A), predicted them to be significantly different in the functions of photosynthetic electron transport and ATP generation in the two species. These results suggest that the energy requirement was a pivotal factor in their adaptation to differential environments geographically separated by the South China Sea. Our results also provide clues for future research on their physiological and molecular adaptation mechanisms to light and temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuming Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingjia Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qianying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Luzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangcheng Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Lun Ng
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Md Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Porntep Punnarak
- Aquatic Resources Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hailei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu WX, Zhang BH, Zhang YY, Yang SC. Differentiation of Cold Tolerance in an Artificial Population of a Mangrove Species, Kandelia obovata, Is Associated With Geographic Origins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:695746. [PMID: 35185942 PMCID: PMC8851163 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.695746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the climatic factors that shape the geographic distribution of plant populations. Mangroves are temperature-sensitive plants, and their distributions are severely limited by low temperatures. It is unknown, however, to what extent temperature contributes to their population differentiation and evolution. Kandelia obovata (Rhizophoraceae) is a mangrove species with high cold tolerance in the Northern Hemisphere. We investigated the phenotypic responses of an artificial population of K. obovata, with plants transplanted from different source populations, to extremely low temperatures during winter of 2015-2016 in Yueqing County (28°20'N), Zhejiang Province of China. Using two binary traits, "with/without leaves alive on the branches" and "with/without alive buds on the tips of branches," we classified plants in this artificial population into strong, moderate and poor cold resistance groups. We further assessed the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of these three groups, as well as five natural populations along a latitudinal gradient using ten nuclear and six plastid microsatellite markers. Microsatellite data revealed genetic differentiation among the natural populations along the latitudinal gradient. Molecular data indicated that the cold tolerance of three groups in the artificial population was associated with their geographic origins, and that the most cold-tolerant group came from the northernmost natural population. Our study thus indicates that natural populations of K. obovata may have evolved divergent capacity of cold tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xun Lu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Huang Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuan-Ye Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Sheng-Chang Yang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geng Q, Wang Z, Tao J, Kimura MK, Liu H, Hogetsu T, Lian C. Ocean Currents Drove Genetic Structure of Seven Dominant Mangrove Species Along the Coastlines of Southern China. Front Genet 2021; 12:615911. [PMID: 33763110 PMCID: PMC7982666 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.615911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove forest ecosystems, which provide important ecological services for marine environments and human activities, are being destroyed worldwide at an alarming rate. The objective of our study was to use molecular data and analytical techniques to separate the effects of historical and contemporary processes on the distribution of mangroves and patterns of population genetic differentiation. Seven mangrove species (Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Kandelia obovata, Lumnitzera racemosa, and Rhizophora stylosa), which are predominant along the coastlines of South China, were genotyped at nuclear (nSSR) and chloroplast (cpSSR) microsatellite markers. We estimated historical and contemporary gene flow, the genetic diversity and population structure of seven mangrove species in China. All of these seven species exhibited few haplotypes, low levels of genetic diversity (H E = 0.160-0.361, with the exception of K. obovata) and high levels of inbreeding (F IS = 0.104-0.637), which may be due to their marginal geographical distribution, human-driven and natural stressors on habitat loss and fragmentation. The distribution patterns of haplotypes and population genetic structures of seven mangrove species in China suggest historical connectivity between populations over a large geographic area. In contrast, significant genetic differentiation [F ST = 0.165-0.629 (nSSR); G ST = 0.173-0.923 (cpSSR)] indicates that populations of mangroves are isolated from one another with low levels of contemporary gene flow among populations. Our results suggest that populations of mangroves were historically more widely inter-connected and have recently been isolated, likely through a combination of ocean currents and human activities. In addition, genetic admixture in Beibu Gulf populations and populations surrounding Hainan Island and southern mainland China were attributed to asymmetric gene flow along prevailing oceanic currents in China in historical times. Even ocean currents promote genetic exchanges among mangrove populations, which are still unable to offset the effects of natural and anthropogenic fragmentation. The recent isolation and lack of gene flow among populations of mangroves may affect their long-term survival along the coastlines of South China. Our study enhances the understanding of oceanic currents contributing to population connectivity, and the effects of anthropogenic and natural habitat fragmentation on mangroves, thereby informing future conservation efforts and seascape genetics toward mangroves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qifang Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jianmin Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Megumi K. Kimura
- Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Taizo Hogetsu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yaegashi S, Omura T, Watanabe K. Spatial genetic structure of the invasive tree Robinia pseudoacacia to determine migration patterns to inform best practices for riparian restoration. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa043. [PMID: 33133479 PMCID: PMC7586742 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The black locust Robinia pseudoacacia (Robinieae, Fabaceae) is a common invasive riparian tree in Japan. There are less effective management strategies to remove the tree from the riparian area because of its quickly established high population. We investigated the expansion patterns of R. pseudoacacia through sympatric (i.e. between high- and low-water channel (HWC/LWC) within a study site) and allopatric (i.e. along river corridor) dispersal in the Tama River (Tokyo, Japan). Four microsatellites were used to examine the effects of gene flow on six populations in three sites. These subpopulations showed small genetic distance (i.e. no barrier or slightly limited) and genetically mixed population structure. It indicated that both sympatric and allopatric dispersals were active. Many migrants were younger individuals (i.e. <5 years old) and were found in the LWC area. Thus, the LWC could receive more migrants than the HWC through both types of dispersals. In addition, our age and genetic structure analyses reveal that recruited individuals likely settled immediately after the clearing project of R. pseudoacacia through sympatric dispersal. It appears that the migration by allopatric dispersal occurred following this. For the effective management of R. pseudoacacia, migrants should be removed regularly following initial removal of invaders during site restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Yaegashi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Omura
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NIChe), Tohoku University, Aoba-yama, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kozo Watanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Van der Stocken T, Wee AKS, De Ryck DJR, Vanschoenwinkel B, Friess DA, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Simard M, Koedam N, Webb EL. A general framework for propagule dispersal in mangroves. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1547-1575. [PMID: 31058451 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal allows species to shift their distributions in response to changing climate conditions. As a result, dispersal is considered a key process contributing to a species' long-term persistence. For many passive dispersers, fluid dynamics of wind and water fuel these movements and different species have developed remarkable adaptations for utilizing this energy to reach and colonize suitable habitats. The seafaring propagules (fruits and seeds) of mangroves represent an excellent example of such passive dispersal. Mangroves are halophytic woody plants that grow in the intertidal zones along tropical and subtropical shorelines and produce hydrochorous propagules with high dispersal potential. This results in exceptionally large coastal ranges across vast expanses of ocean and allows species to shift geographically and track the conditions to which they are adapted. This is particularly relevant given the challenges presented by rapid sea-level rise, higher frequency and intensity of storms, and changes in regional precipitation and temperature regimes. However, despite its importance, the underlying drivers of mangrove dispersal have typically been studied in isolation, and a conceptual synthesis of mangrove oceanic dispersal across spatial scales is lacking. Here, we review current knowledge on mangrove propagule dispersal across the various stages of the dispersal process. Using a general framework, we outline the mechanisms and ecological processes that are known to modulate the spatial patterns of mangrove dispersal. We show that important dispersal factors remain understudied and that adequate empirical data on the determinants of dispersal are missing for most mangrove species. This review particularly aims to provide a baseline for developing future research agendas and field campaigns, filling current knowledge gaps and increasing our understanding of the processes that shape global mangrove distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van der Stocken
- Earth Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A.,Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A.,Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alison K S Wee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Dennis J R De Ryck
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.,Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Marc Simard
- Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A
| | - Nico Koedam
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bekku YS, Kurokochi H, Matsuki Y, Nishi N, Lian C. Genetic structure of
Pinus parviflora
on Mt. Fuji in relation to the hoarding behavior of the Japanese nutcracker. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sakata Bekku
- Department of Teacher Education Tsuru University 3‐8‐1 Tahara Tsuru Yamanashi 402‐8555 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurokochi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| | - Yu Matsuki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| | - Norio Nishi
- Department of Teacher Education Tsuru University 3‐8‐1 Tahara Tsuru Yamanashi 402‐8555 Japan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García‐Morales E, Carrillo‐Ángeles IG, Golubov J, Piñero D, Mandujano MC. Influence of fruit dispersal on genotypic diversity and migration rates of a clonal cactus from the Chihuahuan Desert. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12559-12575. [PMID: 30619565 PMCID: PMC6308869 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse offspring of clonal species differ in their dispersability, influencing genotypic diversity and clonal structure. Here, we determined dispersal patterns and their impact on genetic structure in Opuntia microdasys, a self-incompatible cactus with three dispersal units (one sexual and two clonal). We analyzed dispersal, using experiments at three populations, and assessed multilocus genotypes (ISSR markers) of all individuals in 10 clumps per population with known reproductive origin (sexual or clonal). Genotype of all samples, population structure, and migration between clumps and populations were assessed with GenAlEx and GenoDive, assuming higher genotypic diversity and migration when sexual reproduction is more frequent. We determined the most likely number of genetic clusters with STRUCTURE and geneland. Dispersal differed among populations; primary dispersal occurred at short distances and was farthest on steep slopes, and dispersal distance increased after secondary dispersal. Clumps had 116 different multilocus genotypes in three spatially explicit genetic clusters. We detected genetic structure at small scale, genotypic diversity among clumps varied between populations; diversity decreased while clonal dominance increased, and the most variation occurred among clumps. Genetic structure was moderate, suggesting gene flow by seed dispersal allows slight differentiation among population at large scales. Genetic diversity within clumps was the lowest because dispersal of clonal propagules was limited and caused genotypic dominance at local scale. However, the combined dispersal pattern of sexual and clonal dispersal units is fine-tuned by environmental factors, generating a range of genetic diversity among clusters and populations. This pattern suggests that genetic structure of clonal plants is more dynamic than thought, and dispersal of different types of offspring affects genetic structure at many scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick García‐Morales
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
| | | | - Jordan Golubov
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Sistemática y Fisiología VegetalDepartamento El Hombre y Su Ambiente‐CBS‐Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐XochimilcoMexico CityMexico
| | - Daniel Piñero
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
| | - María C. Mandujano
- Laboratorio de Genética y EcologíaInstituto de EcologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MexicoMexico CityMéxico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sampson JF, Byrne M, Gibson N, Yates C. Limiting inbreeding in disjunct and isolated populations of a woody shrub. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5867-80. [PMID: 27547361 PMCID: PMC4983598 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen movements and mating patterns are key features that influence population genetic structure. When gene flow is low, small populations are prone to increased genetic drift and inbreeding, but naturally disjunct species may have features that reduce inbreeding and contribute to their persistence despite genetic isolation. Using microsatellite loci, we investigated outcrossing levels, family mating parameters, pollen dispersal, and spatial genetic structure in three populations of Hakea oldfieldii, a fire-sensitive shrub with naturally disjunct, isolated populations prone to reduction in size and extinction following fires. We mapped and genotyped a sample of 102 plants from a large population, and all plants from two smaller populations (28 and 20 individuals), and genotyped 158-210 progeny from each population. We found high outcrossing despite the possibility of geitonogamous pollination, small amounts of biparental inbreeding, a limited number of successful pollen parents within populations, and significant correlated paternity. The number of pollen parents for each seed parent was moderate. There was low but significant spatial genetic structure up to 10 m around plants, but the majority of successful pollen came from outside this area including substantial proportions from distant plants within populations. Seed production varied among seven populations investigated but was not correlated with census population size. We suggest there may be a mechanism to prevent self-pollination in H. oldfieldii and that high outcrossing and pollen dispersal within populations would promote genetic diversity among the relatively small amount of seed stored in the canopy. These features of the mating system would contribute to the persistence of genetically isolated populations prone to fluctuations in size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Sampson
- Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Neil Gibson
- Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Colin Yates
- Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Perth Western Australia 6983 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Isolation, characterization, and marker utility of KCRE1, a transcriptionally active Ty1/copia retrotransposon from Kandelia candel. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:2031-2042. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Population Structure of and Conservation Strategies for Wild Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133686. [PMID: 26252516 PMCID: PMC4529180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrus ussriensis Maxim. is native to the northern part of China, but whose habitats are currently being destroyed by environmental changes and human deforestation. An investigation of population structure and genetic diversity of wild Ussurian pear is a priority in order to acquire fundamental knowledge for conservation. A total of 153 individuals of wild Ussurian pear from the main habitats, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia in China, possessed low genetic diversity as a result of habitat fragmentation. The genetic diversity of the populations in Inner Mongolia and north east of Heilongjiang was especially low and there was the possibility of inbreeding. Wild Ussurian pears were divided into 5 groups based on the Bayesian clustering method using 20 nuclear SSRs (nSSRs) and 5 groups by haplotype distributions using 16 chloroplast SSRs (cpSSRs), and the populations in Inner Mongolia and north east of Heilongjiang represented unique genotypes. AMOVA indicated there was a 20.05% variation in nSSRs and a 44.40% variation in cpSSRs among populations. These values are relatively high when compared to those of other tree species. Haplotype E, positioned in the center of the cpSSR analysis network and showed the largest number of connections with other haplotypes, represented the most important haplotype. Inner Mongolia and the north east of Heilongjiang are two areas that need urgent conservation because of their genetic vulnerability and peculiarity. We determined 4 conservation units based on the clustering by nSSRs and cpSSRs, and geographic factor. This information is helpful in deciding the conservation strategies for wild Ussurian pear in China.
Collapse
|
11
|
Applying Effective Population Size Estimates of Kandelia obovata Sheue, Liu and Yong to Conservation and Restoration Management. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Mori GM, Zucchi MI, Sampaio I, Souza AP. Species distribution and introgressive hybridization of two Avicennia species from the Western Hemisphere unveiled by phylogeographic patterns. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:61. [PMID: 25886804 PMCID: PMC4394560 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mangrove plants grow in the intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The global latitudinal distribution of the mangrove is mainly influenced by climatic and oceanographic features. Because of current climate changes, poleward range expansions have been reported for the major biogeographic regions of mangrove forests in the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. There is evidence that mangrove forests also responded similarly after the last glaciation by expanding their ranges. In this context, the use of genetic tools is an informative approach for understanding how historical processes and factors impact the distribution of mangrove species. We investigated the phylogeographic patterns of two Avicennia species, A. germinans and A. schaueriana, from the Western Hemisphere using nuclear and chloroplast DNA markers. Results Our results indicate that, although Avicennia bicolor, A. germinans and A. schaueriana are independent lineages, hybridization between A. schaueriana and A. germinans is a relevant evolutionary process. Our findings also reinforce the role of long-distance dispersal in widespread mangrove species such as A. germinans, for which we observed signs of transatlantic dispersal, a process that has, most likely, contributed to the breadth of the distribution of A. germinans. However, along the southern coast of South America, A. schaueriana is the only representative of the genus. The distribution patterns of A. germinans and A. schaueriana are explained by their different responses to past climate changes and by the unequal historical effectiveness of relative gene flow by propagules and pollen. Conclusions We observed that A. bicolor, A. germinans and A. schaueriana are three evolutionary lineages that present historical and ongoing hybridization on the American continent. We also inferred a new evidence of transatlantic dispersal for A. germinans, which may have contributed to its widespread distribution. Despite the generally wider distribution of A. germinans, only A. schaueriana is found in southern South America, which may be explained by the different demographic histories of these two species and the larger proportion of gene flow produced by propagules rather than pollen in A. schaueriana. These results highlight that these species responded in different ways to past events, indicating that such differences may also occur in the currently changing world. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0343-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo M Mori
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria I Zucchi
- Pólo Centro Sul, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios. Piracicaba, CEP 13400-970, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus de Bragança, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, CEP 68600-000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Anete P Souza
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875, CP 6010, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wee AKS, Takayama K, Chua JL, Asakawa T, Meenakshisundaram SH, Onrizal, Adjie B, Ardli ER, Sungkaew S, Malekal NB, Tung NX, Salmo SG, Yllano OB, Saleh MN, Soe KK, Tateishi Y, Watano Y, Baba S, Webb EL, Kajita T. Genetic differentiation and phylogeography of partially sympatric species complex Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and R. stylosa Griff. using SSR markers. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:57. [PMID: 25888261 PMCID: PMC4389924 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mangrove forests are ecologically important but globally threatened intertidal plant communities. Effective mangrove conservation requires the determination of species identity, management units, and genetic structure. Here, we investigate the genetic distinctiveness and genetic structure of an iconic but yet taxonomically confusing species complex Rhizophora mucronata and R. stylosa across their distributional range, by employing a suite of 20 informative nuclear SSR markers. Results Our results demonstrated the general genetic distinctiveness of R. mucronata and R. stylosa, and potential hybridization or introgression between them. We investigated the population genetics of each species without the putative hybrids, and found strong genetic structure between oceanic regions in both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. In R. mucronata, a strong divergence was detected between populations from the Indian Ocean region (Indian Ocean and Andaman Sea) and the Pacific Ocean region (Malacca Strait, South China Sea and Northwest Pacific Ocean). In R. stylosa, the genetic break was located more eastward, between populations from South and East China Sea and populations from the Southwest Pacific Ocean. The location of these genetic breaks coincided with the boundaries of oceanic currents, thus suggesting that oceanic circulation patterns might have acted as a cryptic barrier to gene flow. Conclusions Our findings have important implications on the conservation of mangroves, especially relating to replanting efforts and the definition of evolutionary significant units in Rhizophora species. We outlined the genetic structure and identified geographical areas that require further investigations for both R. mucronata and R. stylosa. These results serve as the foundation for the conservation genetics of R. mucronata and R. stylosa and highlighted the need to recognize the genetic distinctiveness of closely-related species, determine their respective genetic structure, and avoid artificially promoting hybridization in mangrove restoration programmes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0331-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison K S Wee
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan. .,Present Address: Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, 666303, China.
| | - Koji Takayama
- The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Jasher L Chua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Takeshi Asakawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | | | - Onrizal
- Forestry Sciences Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Bayu Adjie
- Bali Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bali, Indonesia.
| | | | - Sarawood Sungkaew
- Forest Biology Department, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Norhaslinda Binti Malekal
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Kota Kinabalu, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
| | - Nguyen Xuan Tung
- Mangrove Ecosystem Research Centre, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Severino G Salmo
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Orlex Baylen Yllano
- Biology Department, College of Science and Technology, Adventist University of the Philippines, Silang, 4118, Cavite, Philippines.
| | - M Nazre Saleh
- Department of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Khin Khin Soe
- Department of Botany, University of Yangon, Yangon, Myanmar.
| | - Yoichi Tateishi
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Watano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Baba
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Iriomote, Okinawa, Japan. .,International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems (ISME), c/o Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru, Okinawa, 903-0129, Japan.
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Multiple-geographic-scale genetic structure of two mangrove tree species: the roles of mating system, hybridization, limited dispersal and extrinsic factors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118710. [PMID: 25723532 PMCID: PMC4344226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants comprise a unique group of organisms that grow within the intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical regions and whose distributions are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. To understand how these extrinsic and intrinsic processes influence a more fundamental level of the biological hierarchy of mangroves, we studied the genetic diversity of two Neotropical mangrove trees, Avicenniagerminans and A. schaueriana, using microsatellites markers. As reported for other sea-dispersed species, there was a strong differentiation between A. germinans and A. schaueriana populations sampled north and south of the northeastern extremity of South America, likely due to the influence of marine superficial currents. Moreover, we observed fine-scale genetic structures even when no obvious physical barriers were present, indicating pollen and propagule dispersal limitation, which could be explained by isolation-by-distance coupled with mating system differences. We report the first evidence of ongoing hybridization between Avicennia species and that these hybrids are fertile, although this interspecific crossing has not contributed to an increase in the genetic diversity the populations where A. germinans and A. schaueriana hybridize. These findings highlight the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the distribution of the genetic diversity in these sea-dispersed colonizer species.
Collapse
|
15
|
Geng QF, Liu J, Sun L, Liu H, Ou-Yang Y, Cai Y, Tang XS, Zhang HW, Wang ZS, An SQ. Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers (SSRs) for an endemic plant, Pseudolarix amabilis (Nelson) Rehd. (Pinaceae). Molecules 2015; 20:2685-92. [PMID: 25658143 PMCID: PMC6272200 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20022685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudolarix (Pinaceae) is a vulnerable (sensu IUCN) monotypic genus restricted to southeastern China. To better understand levels of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow among populations of P. amabilis, we developed five compound SSR markers and ten novel polymorphic expressed sequence tags (EST) derived microsatellites. The results showed that all 15 loci were polymorphic with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to seven. The expected and observed heterozygosities varied from 0.169 to 0.752, and 0.000 to 1.000, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient ranged from −0.833 to 1.000. These markers will contribute to research on genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. amabilis, which in turn will contribute to the species conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Fang Geng
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lin Sun
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hong Liu
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; E-Mail:
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yan Ou-Yang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ying Cai
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Tang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huangshan University, Huangshan 245041, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Administration of Zhejiang Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Lin’an 311321, China; E-Mail:
| | - Zhong-Sheng Wang
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-S.W.); (S.-Q.A.); Tel.: +86-25-8968-2705 (Z.-S.W.); +86-25-8968-4560 (S.-Q.A.)
| | - Shu-Qing An
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; E-Mails: (Q.-F.G.); (J.L.); (L.S.); (Y.O.-Y.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-S.W.); (S.-Q.A.); Tel.: +86-25-8968-2705 (Z.-S.W.); +86-25-8968-4560 (S.-Q.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakajima Y, Matsuki Y, Lian C, Fortes MD, Uy WH, Campos WL, Nakaoka M, Nadaoka K. The Kuroshio current influences genetic diversity and population genetic structure of a tropical seagrass, Enhalus acoroides. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:6029-44. [PMID: 25384848 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Information on genetic diversity and differentiation of seagrass populations is essential for the conservation of coastal ecosystems. However, little is known about the seagrasses in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, where the world's highest diversity of seagrasses occurs. The influence of sea currents on these populations is also unknown. We estimated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure and identified reproductive features in Enhalus acoroides populations from the Yaeyama Islands, Hainan Island and the Philippines. The Philippines are situated at the centre of the E. acoroides range, Yaeyama and Hainan are peripheral populations, and the Yaeyama population is at the northern limit of the species range. The powerful Kuroshio Current flows from the Philippines to Yaeyama. Genetic analyses using nine microsatellite markers indicated that reproduction of E. acoroides is mostly sexual. Clonal diversity does not decrease in northern populations, although genetic diversity does. However, the genetic diversity of the Yaeyama populations is greater than that of the Hainan populations. Significant genetic differentiation among most populations was evident; however, the Yaeyama and north-east Philippines populations were genetically similar, despite being separated by ~1100 km. An assignment test suggested that recruitment occurs from the north-east Philippines to Yaeyama. The strong current in this region is probably responsible for the extant genetic diversity and recruitment patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakajima
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yahya AF, Hyun JO, Lee JH, Kim YY, Lee KM, Hong KN, Kim SC. Genetic variation and population genetic structure of Rhizophora apiculata (Rhizophoraceae) in the Greater Sunda Islands, Indonesia using microsatellite markers. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:287-97. [PMID: 24323307 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-013-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations within and among Rhizophora apiculata populations in the Greater Sunda Islands of Indonesia were studied using microsatellite markers. The study found 38 alleles on five loci in 15 populations. The observed (H(o)) and expected (H(e)) heterozygosity values are 0.338 and 0.378, respectively. Inbreeding effect from self-pollination might explain its heterozygote deficiency. Population genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.381) was similar to other mangrove species. The genetic diversity of R. apiculata populations along the coastline inside the archipelago (e.g., Buleleng, Donggala, Mamuju, and Takalar) was higher than those of population along the coastline outside the archipelago, especially northern Sumatra populations (i.e., Langkat, Tapanuli Tengah, Dumai, and Padang). The isolation by distances and sea currents directions as well as their connectivity might affect the gene flow and genetic exchange. The more isolated with fewer connections by sea currents, the smaller gene flow and genetic exchange observed between populations. The higher genetic exchange, on the contrary, occurred when population location was closer to the meeting point of the sea currents. The study also showed that the patterns of sea current movement seemed to have influence genetic clustering of populations which fell into three main groups (Sunda Shelf Mangroves) and one isolated population (New Guinea Mangroves).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andi Fadly Yahya
- Department of Forest Sciences and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Urashi C, Teshima KM, Minobe S, Koizumi O, Inomata N. Inferences of evolutionary history of a widely distributed mangrove species, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, in the Indo-West Pacific region. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:2251-61. [PMID: 23919167 PMCID: PMC3728962 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inference of genetic structure and demographic history is fundamental issue in evolutionary biology. We examined the levels and patterns of genetic variation of a widespread mangrove species in the Indo-West Pacific region, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, using ten nuclear gene regions. Genetic variation of individual populations covering its distribution range was low, but as the entire species it was comparable to other plant species. Genetic differentiation among the investigated populations was high. They could be divided into two genetic clusters: the West and East clusters of the Malay Peninsula. Our results indicated that these two genetic clusters derived from their ancestral population whose effective size of which was much larger compared to the two extant clusters. The point estimate of speciation time between B. gymnorrhiza and Bruguiera sexangula was two times older than that of divergence time between the two clusters. Migration from the West cluster to the East cluster was much higher than the opposite direction but both estimated migration rates were low. The past Sundaland and/or the present Malay Peninsula are likely to prevent gene flow between the West and East clusters and function as a geographical or land barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Urashi
- Department of Environmental Science, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University 1-1-1 Kasumigaoka, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8529, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moran EV, Clark JS. Between-site differences in the scale of dispersal and gene flow in red oak. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36492. [PMID: 22563504 PMCID: PMC3341347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nut-bearing trees, including oaks (Quercus spp.), are considered to be highly dispersal limited, leading to concerns about their ability to colonize new sites or migrate in response to climate change. However, estimating seed dispersal is challenging in species that are secondarily dispersed by animals, and differences in disperser abundance or behavior could lead to large spatio-temporal variation in dispersal ability. Parentage and dispersal analyses combining genetic and ecological data provide accurate estimates of current dispersal, while spatial genetic structure (SGS) can shed light on past patterns of dispersal and establishment. Methodology and Principal Findings In this study, we estimate seed and pollen dispersal and parentage for two mixed-species red oak populations using a hierarchical Bayesian approach. We compare these results to those of a genetic ML parentage model. We also test whether observed patterns of SGS in three size cohorts are consistent with known site history and current dispersal patterns. We find that, while pollen dispersal is extensive at both sites, the scale of seed dispersal differs substantially. Parentage results differ between models due to additional data included in Bayesian model and differing genotyping error assumptions, but both indicate between-site dispersal differences. Patterns of SGS in large adults, small adults, and seedlings are consistent with known site history (farmed vs. selectively harvested), and with long-term differences in seed dispersal. This difference is consistent with predator/disperser satiation due to higher acorn production at the low-dispersal site. While this site-to-site variation results in substantial differences in asymptotic spread rates, dispersal for both sites is substantially lower than required to track latitudinal temperature shifts. Conclusions Animal-dispersed trees can exhibit considerable spatial variation in seed dispersal, although patterns may be surprisingly constant over time. However, even under favorable conditions, migration in heavy-seeded species is likely to lag contemporary climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Moran
- National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
King R, M. Zalucki J. Potential Inbreeding in a Small Population of a Mass Flowering Species, <i>Xanthorrhoea johnsonii</i> (Xanthorrhoeaceae): Is Your Mother My Father? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2012.33036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
21
|
Sun JT, Zhang YK, Ge C, Hong XY. Mining and characterization of sequence tagged microsatellites from the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2011; 11:134. [PMID: 22243416 PMCID: PMC3281394 DOI: 10.1673/031.011.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an important pest of rice. To better understand the migration pattern and population structure of the Chinese populations of N. lugens, we developed and characterized 12 polymorphic microsatellites from the expressed sequence tags database of N. lugens. The occurrence of these simple sequence repeats was assessed in three populations collected from three provinces of China. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 13 with an average of 6.5 alleles per locus. The mean observed heterozygosity of the three populations ranged from 0.051 to 0.772 and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.074 to 0.766. The sequences of the 12 markers were highly variable. The polymorphism information content of the 12 markers was high and ranged from 0.074 to 0.807 (mean = 0.503). Sequencing of microsatellite alleles revealed that the fragment length differences were mainly due to the variation of the repeat motif. Significant genetic differentiation was detected among the three N. lugens populations as the Fst ranged from 0.034 to 0.273. Principle coordinates analysis also revealed significant genetic differentiation between populations of different years. We conclude that these microsatellite markers will be a powerful tools to study the migration routine of the N. lugens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yan-Kai Zhang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Cheng Ge
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moraes MLTD, Sebbenn AM. Pollen Dispersal Between Isolated Trees in the Brazilian Savannah: A Case Study of the Neotropical Tree Hymenaea stigonocarpa. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Low levels of realized seed and pollen gene flow and strong spatial genetic structure in a small, isolated and fragmented population of the tropical tree Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. Heredity (Edinb) 2010; 106:134-45. [PMID: 20372183 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2010.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, the Brazilian Atlantic forest has been reduced to small, isolated fragments of forest. Reproductive isolation theories predict a loss of genetic diversity and increases in inbreeding and spatial genetic structure (SGS) in such populations. We analysed eight microsatellite loci to investigate the pollen and seed dispersal patterns, genetic diversity, inbreeding and SGS of the tropical tree Copaifera langsdorffii in a small (4.8 ha), isolated population. All 112 adult trees and 128 seedlings found in the stand were sampled, mapped and genotyped. Seedlings had significantly lower levels of genetic diversity (A=16.5±0.45, mean±95% s.e.; H(e)=0.838±0.006) than did adult trees (A=23.2±0.81; H(e)=0.893±0.030). Parentage analysis did not indicate any seed immigration (m(seeds)=0) and the pollen immigration rate was very low (m(pollen)=0.047). The average distance of realized pollen dispersal within the stand was 94 m, with 81% of the pollen travelling <150 m. A significant negative correlation was found between the frequency and distance of pollen dispersal (r=-0.79, P<0.01), indicating that short-distance pollinations were more frequent. A significant SGS for both adults (∼50 m) and seedlings (∼20 m) was also found, indicating that most of the seeds were dispersed over short distances. The results suggested that the spatial isolation of populations by habitat fragmentation can restrict seed and pollen gene flow, increase SGS and affect the genetic diversity of future generations.
Collapse
|
24
|
Iwaizumi MG, Takahashi M, Watanabe A, Ubukata M. Simultaneous Evaluation of Paternal and Maternal Immigrant Gene Flow and the Implications for the Overall Genetic Composition of Pinus densiflora Dispersed Seeds. J Hered 2009; 101:144-53. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esp089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
25
|
Contemporary pollen flow, characterization of the maternal ecological neighbourhood and mating patterns in wild cherry (Prunus avium L.). Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 103:118-28. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
26
|
Geng Q, Kimura MK, Lian C, Tao J, Hogetsu T. Isolation and characterization of chloroplast microsatellite markers in four mangrove species, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Acanthus ilicifolius and Lumnitzera racemosa. CONSERV GENET 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-008-9727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|