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Wang XN, Hong LL, Kong JQ. Diacerein as a Promising Acyl Donor in Biosynthetic Acetyl-CoA and Glycosyl Esters Mediated by a Multifunctional Maltose O-Acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6623-6635. [PMID: 34080854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an important donor for acetylation modifications of nutritional supplements. The existing enzymatic methods for acetyl-CoA synthesis suffer from cofactor dependence, donor inaccessibility, and biocatalyst instability, leading to its high cost. Hence, a promising alternative is highly desired. Herein, a maltose O-acetyltransferase (MAT) with cofactor independence had been identified as a stable acetyl-CoA-synthesizing biocatalyst in a screen of the Escherichia coli genome. Under the action of MAT, an anthraquinone medicine containing two acetyl groups, diacerein, was screened as an acetyl donor. Saturation mutagenesis at Glu125 was performed to increase the acetyl-CoA-synthesizing capacity of MAT, while decreasing the accompanying hydrolase activities. A mutant MAT-E125F was thus generated and could convert diacerein and CoA into the highest yield of 3892.70 mg/L acetyl-CoA. Moreover, MAT could synthesize puerarin 6″-O-acetate and other glycosyl esters through acetyl-CoA-dependent acetylation or diacerein-based transesterification reaction. To most of the tested glycosides, the transesterification efficiency was higher than that of acetylation. The mutant MAT-E125V acquired the highest conversion of 94.0% to puerarin 6″-O-acetate through transesterification, while MAT-E125N yielded the highest conversion of 68.5% through acetylation. Taking together, the multifunctional MAT displayed a potent acetyl-CoA- and glycosyl ester-synthesizing capacity using diacerein as an acetyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ning Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Li Hong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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2
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Baldensperger T, Glomb MA. Pathways of Non-enzymatic Lysine Acylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:664553. [PMID: 33996820 PMCID: PMC8116961 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.664553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modification by lysine acylation is an emerging mechanism of cellular regulation and fine-tunes metabolic processes to environmental changes. In this review we focus on recently discovered pathways of non-enzymatic lysine acylation by reactive acyl-CoA species, acyl phosphates, and α-dicarbonyls. We summarize the metabolic sources of these highly reactive intermediates, demonstrate their reaction mechanisms, give an overview of the resulting acyl lysine modifications, and evaluate the consequences for cellular regulatory processes. Finally, we discuss interferences between lysine acylation and lysine ubiquitylation as a potential molecular mechanism of dysregulated protein homeostasis in aging and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Baldensperger
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Marcus A Glomb
- Institute of Chemistry, Food Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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3
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Christensen DG, Baumgartner JT, Xie X, Jew KM, Basisty N, Schilling B, Kuhn ML, Wolfe AJ. Mechanisms, Detection, and Relevance of Protein Acetylation in Prokaryotes. mBio 2019; 10:e02708-18. [PMID: 30967470 PMCID: PMC6456759 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02708-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification of a protein, either alone or in combination with other modifications, can control properties of that protein, such as enzymatic activity, localization, stability, or interactions with other molecules. N-ε-Lysine acetylation is one such modification that has gained attention in recent years, with a prevalence and significance that rival those of phosphorylation. This review will discuss the current state of the field in bacteria and some of the work in archaea, focusing on both mechanisms of N-ε-lysine acetylation and methods to identify, quantify, and characterize specific acetyllysines. Bacterial N-ε-lysine acetylation depends on both enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms of acetylation, and recent work has shed light into the regulation of both mechanisms. Technological advances in mass spectrometry have allowed researchers to gain insight with greater biological context by both (i) analyzing samples either with stable isotope labeling workflows or using label-free protocols and (ii) determining the true extent of acetylation on a protein population through stoichiometry measurements. Identification of acetylated lysines through these methods has led to studies that probe the biological significance of acetylation. General and diverse approaches used to determine the effect of acetylation on a specific lysine will be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Christensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - J T Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - X Xie
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - K M Jew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - B Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
| | - M L Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Health Sciences Division, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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4
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Anglès F, Castanié-Cornet MP, Slama N, Dinclaux M, Cirinesi AM, Portais JC, Létisse F, Genevaux P. Multilevel interaction of the DnaK/DnaJ(HSP70/HSP40) stress-responsive chaperone machine with the central metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41341. [PMID: 28128357 PMCID: PMC5269706 DOI: 10.1038/srep41341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of molecular chaperones maintain cellular protein homeostasis by acting at nearly every step in the biogenesis of proteins and protein complexes. Herein, we demonstrate that the major chaperone DnaK/HSP70 of the model bacterium Escherichia coli is critical for the proper functioning of the central metabolism and for the cellular response to carbon nutrition changes, either directly or indirectly via the control of the heat-shock response. We identified carbon sources whose utilization was positively or negatively affected by DnaK and isolated several central metabolism genes (among other genes identified in this work) that compensate for the lack of DnaK and/or DnaK/Trigger Factor chaperone functions in vivo. Using carbon sources with specific entry points coupled to NMR analyses of real-time carbon assimilation, metabolic coproducts production and flux rearrangements, we demonstrate that DnaK significantly impacts the hierarchical order of carbon sources utilization, the excretion of main coproducts and the distribution of metabolic fluxes, thus revealing a multilevel interaction of DnaK with the central metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fréderic Anglès
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.,LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Castanié-Cornet
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Nawel Slama
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Mickael Dinclaux
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cirinesi
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Fabien Létisse
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Genevaux
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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5
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Kuczyńska-Wiśnik D, Moruno-Algara M, Stojowska-Swędrzyńska K, Laskowska E. The effect of protein acetylation on the formation and processing of inclusion bodies and endogenous protein aggregates in Escherichia coli cells. Microb Cell Fact 2016; 15:189. [PMID: 27832787 PMCID: PMC5105262 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-016-0590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acetylation of lysine residues is a reversible post-translational modification conserved from bacteria to humans. Several recent studies have revealed hundreds of lysine-acetylated proteins in various bacteria; however, the physiological role of these modifications remains largely unknown. Since lysine acetylation changes the size and charge of proteins and thereby may affect their conformation, we assumed that lysine acetylation can stimulate aggregation of proteins, especially for overproduced recombinant proteins that form inclusion bodies. Results To verify this assumption, we used Escherichia coli strains that overproduce aggregation-prone VP1GFP protein. We found that in ΔackA-pta cells, which display diminished protein acetylation, inclusion bodies were formed with a delay and processed faster than in the wild-type cells. Moreover, in ΔackA-pta cells, inclusion bodies exhibited significantly increased specific GFP fluorescence. In CobB deacetylase-deficient cells, in which protein acetylation was enhanced, the formation of inclusion bodies was increased and their processing was significantly inhibited. Similar results were obtained with regard to endogenous protein aggregates formed during the late stationary phase in ΔackA-pta and ΔcobB cells. Conclusions Our studies revealed that protein acetylation affected the aggregation of endogenous E. coli proteins and the yield, solubility, and biological activity of a model recombinant protein. In general, decreased lysine acetylation inhibited the formation of protein aggregates, whereas increased lysine acetylation stabilized protein aggregates. These findings should be considered during the designing of efficient strategies for the production of recombinant proteins in E. coli cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0590-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kuczyńska-Wiśnik
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - María Moruno-Algara
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Karolina Stojowska-Swędrzyńska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Laskowska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
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6
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Grillo-Puertas M, Rintoul MR, Rapisarda VA. PhoB activation in non-limiting phosphate condition by the maintenance of high polyphosphate levels in the stationary phase inhibits biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2016; 162:1000-1008. [PMID: 27023099 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) degradation in Escherichia coli stationary phase triggers biofilm formation via the LuxS quorum sensing system. In media containing excess of phosphate (Pi), high polyP levels are maintained in the stationary phase with the consequent inhibition of biofilm formation. The transcriptional-response regulator PhoB, which is activated under Pi limitation, is involved in the inhibition of biofilm formation in several bacterial species. In the current study, we report, for the first time, we believe that E. coli PhoB can be activated in non-limiting Pi conditions, leading to inhibition of biofilm formation. In fact, PhoB was activated when high polyP levels were maintained in the stationary phase, whereas it remained inactive when the polymer was degraded or absent. PhoB activation was mediated by acetyl phosphate with the consequent repression of biofilm formation owing to the downregulation of c-di-GMP synthesis and the inhibition of autoinducer-2 production. These results allowed us to propose a model showing that PhoB is a component in the signal cascade regulating biofilm formation triggered by fluctuations of polyP levels in E. coli cells during stationary phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grillo-Puertas
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica, 'Dr Bernabe Bloj', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M R Rintoul
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica, 'Dr Bernabe Bloj', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - V A Rapisarda
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Química Biológica, 'Dr Bernabe Bloj', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, UNT, Chacabuco 461, T4000ILI - San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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7
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Bacterial protein acetylation: new discoveries unanswered questions. Curr Genet 2015; 62:335-41. [PMID: 26660885 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nε-acetylation is emerging as an abundant post-translational modification of bacterial proteins. Two mechanisms have been identified: one is enzymatic, dependent on an acetyltransferase and acetyl-coenzyme A; the other is non-enzymatic and depends on the reactivity of acetyl phosphate. Some, but not most, of those acetylations are reversed by deacetylases. This review will briefly describe the current status of the field and raise questions that need answering.
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8
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Ferrer M, Martins dos Santos VAP, Ott SJ, Moya A. Gut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy: a multi-omic approach. Gut Microbes 2014; 5:64-70. [PMID: 24418972 PMCID: PMC4049940 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.27128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota responds to different antibiotics in different ways and that while some antibiotics do not induce disturbances of the community, others drastically influence the richness, diversity, and prevalence of bacterial taxa. However, the metabolic consequences thereof, independent of the degree of the community shifts, are not clearly understood. In a recent article, we used an integrative OMICS approach to provide new insights into the metabolic shifts caused by antibiotic disturbance. The study presented here further suggests that specific bacterial lineage blooms occurring at defined stages of antibiotic intervention are mostly associated with organisms that possess improved survival and colonization mechanisms, such as those of the Enterococcus, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia genera. The study also provides an overview of the most variable metabolic functions affected as a consequence of a β-lactam antibiotic intervention. Thus, we observed that anabolic sugar metabolism, the production of acetyl donors and the synthesis and degradation of intestinal/colonic epithelium components were among the most variable functions during the intervention. We are aware that these results have been established with a single patient and will require further confirmation with a larger group of individuals and with other antibiotics. Future directions for exploration of the effects of antibiotic interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Ferrer
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Institute of Catalysis; Madrid, Spain,Correspondence to: Manuel Ferrer, and Andrés Moya,
| | - Vitor AP Martins dos Santos
- Chair of Systems and Synthetic Biology; Wageningen University; Wageningen, the Netherlands,LifeGlimmer GmbH; Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Ott
- Institute for Clinical Molecular Biology at the Christian-Albrechts University; Kiel, Germany,Department for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel; Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrés Moya
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO); Salud Pública; Valencia, Spain,Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva de la Universitat de València; Valencia, Spain,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp); Madrid, Spain,Correspondence to: Manuel Ferrer, and Andrés Moya,
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9
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Inactivation of the Pta-AckA pathway causes cell death in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:3035-44. [PMID: 23625849 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00042-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During growth under conditions of glucose and oxygen excess, Staphylococcus aureus predominantly accumulates acetate in the culture medium, suggesting that the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase (Pta-AckA) pathway plays a crucial role in bacterial fitness. Previous studies demonstrated that these conditions also induce the S. aureus CidR regulon involved in the control of cell death. Interestingly, the CidR regulon is comprised of only two operons, both encoding pyruvate catabolic enzymes, suggesting an intimate relationship between pyruvate metabolism and cell death. To examine this relationship, we introduced ackA and pta mutations in S. aureus and tested their effects on bacterial growth, carbon and energy metabolism, cid expression, and cell death. Inactivation of the Pta-AckA pathway showed a drastic inhibitory effect on growth and caused accumulation of dead cells in both pta and ackA mutants. Surprisingly, inactivation of the Pta-AckA pathway did not lead to a decrease in the energy status of bacteria, as the intracellular concentrations of ATP, NAD(+), and NADH were higher in the mutants. However, inactivation of this pathway increased the rate of glucose consumption, led to a metabolic block at the pyruvate node, and enhanced carbon flux through both glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Intriguingly, disruption of the Pta-AckA pathway also induced the CidR regulon, suggesting that activation of alternative pyruvate catabolic pathways could be an important survival strategy for the mutants. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the indispensable role of the Pta-AckA pathway in S. aureus for maintaining energy and metabolic homeostasis during overflow metabolism.
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10
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Phosphorylated CpxR restricts production of the RovA global regulator in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23314. [PMID: 21876746 PMCID: PMC3158067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background RovA is a global transcriptional regulator of gene expression in pathogenic Yersinia. RovA levels are kept in check by a sophisticated layering of distinct transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. In the enteropathogen Y. pseudotuberculosis, we have previously reported that the extracytoplasmic stress sensing CpxA-CpxR two-component regulatory system modulates rovA expression. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we characterized CpxR phosphorylation (CpxR∼P) in vitro, and determined that phosphorylation was necessary for CpxR to efficiently bind to the PCR-amplified upstream regulatory region of rovA. The precise CpxR∼P binding site was mapped by a nuclease protection assay and directed mutagenesis confirmed that in vivo binding to the rovA promoter inhibits transcription. Reduced RovA production was most pronounced following CpxR∼P accumulation in the Yersinia cytoplasm during chronic Cpx pathway activation and by the indiscriminate phosphodonor action of acetyl phosphate. Conclusions/Significance Cpx pathway activation restricts levels of the RovA global regulator. The regulatory influence of CpxR∼P must therefore extend well beyond periplasmic quality control in the Yersinia envelope, to include genes involved in environmental survival and pathogenicity.
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11
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Danchin A. A path from predation to mutualism. Mol Microbiol 2010; 77:1346-50. [PMID: 20860087 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent bacteria and nematodes associate in a strategy where the bacteria act as virulent pathogens of insects, used as their food supply, while the nematodes graze on them. Upon reaching high density, the bacteria produce light and metabolites that turn the nematodes into hosts permitting them to be carried over to further nematode preys. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Lango and Clarke show that the corresponding shift in lifestyle is triggered by a metabolic switch closely linked to the tricarboxylic acid cycle, but apparently not by the well-known acetate switch that monitors entry of bacteria into the stationary phase of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Danchin
- AMAbiotics SAS, Genavenir 8, 5 rue Henri Desbruères, 91030 Evry Cedex, France.
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12
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Steiner MS, Duerkop A. Luminescent ruthenium probe for the determination of acetyl phosphate in complex biological matrices. Analyst 2010; 136:148-54. [PMID: 20957243 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00439a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first probe for the fluorogenic determination of acetyl phosphate (AcP), (bpy)(2)Ru(1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione dioxime) (RuPDO), was prepared and its reaction with AcP was studied in detail. The emission of the weakly luminescent RuPDO is red shifted and strongly enhanced upon reaction with AcP in the presence of metal cations like Zn(2+) or Cu(2+). The reaction occurs within 60 min incubation time under highly biocompatible conditions (aqueous buffer of pH 7, 37 °C). A linear dynamic range from 10 to 200 µmol L(-1) is observed with an LOD of AcP of 3.4 µmol L(-1) (for RuPDO-Zn). Other bio-phosphates studied show only weak interference. Furthermore, the applicability of the probe in complex biological matrices was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Steven Steiner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Wolfe AJ. Physiologically relevant small phosphodonors link metabolism to signal transduction. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:204-9. [PMID: 20117041 PMCID: PMC2847653 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports support the long-standing hypothesis that acetyl phosphate, a physiologically relevant small molecule, can serve as a phosphoryl donor to a subset of two-component response regulators that regulate diverse cellular processes. Since acetyl phosphate is a central metabolite, this ability would link nutritional status to global signaling. This review will first introduce acetyl phosphate and its pathway. It will then summarize the most compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis and list predicted properties of an acetyl phosphate-sensitive pathway. Next, it will describe emerging evidence that acetyl phosphate and/or its pathway can influence diverse cellular processes across a broad spectrum of bacteria. Finally, the review will explore the possibility that other metabolites can function in a capacity similar to acetyl phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, 2160 S. First Ave., Bldg. 105, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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14
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Involvement of the Pta-AckA pathway in protein folding and aggregation. Res Microbiol 2008; 160:80-4. [PMID: 19026742 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl phosphate is a central metabolite involved in a broad range of versatile cellular functions. Recently it was observed that in Escherichia coli the acetyl phosphate pathway is required for efficient ATP-dependent proteolysis. Deletion of the operon coding for acetyl phosphate metabolism (DeltaackApta) results in a very low cytoplasmic level of acetyl phosphate and impaired proteolysis. Here we show that the DeltaackApta mutation affects additional components of the protein quality control system. Thus, this deletion is accompanied by a decrease in protein refolding and rescue from aggregates. These results indicate the involvement of the acetyl phosphate pathway in chaperone capabilities, in addition to their effect on proteolysis.
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15
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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 is adapted to acetatogenic growth but does not require acetate during murine urinary tract infection. Infect Immun 2008; 76:5760-7. [PMID: 18838520 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00618-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo accumulation of D-serine by Escherichia coli CFT073 leads to elevated expression of PAP fimbriae and hemolysin by an unknown mechanism. Loss of D-serine catabolism by CFT073 leads to a competitive advantage during murine urinary tract infection (UTI), but loss of both D- and L-serine catabolism results in attenuation. Serine is the first amino acid to be consumed in closed tryptone broth cultures and precedes the production of acetyl phosphate, a high-energy molecule involved in intracellular signaling, and the eventual secretion of acetate. We propose that the colonization defect associated with the loss of serine catabolism is due to perturbations of acetate metabolism. CFT073 grows more rapidly on acetogenic substrates than does E. coli K-12 isolate MG1655. As shown by transcription microarray results, D-serine is catabolized into acetate via the phosphotransacetylase (pta) and acetate kinase (ackA) genes while downregulating expression of acetyl coenzyme A synthase (acs). CFT073 acs, which is unable to reclaim secreted acetate, colonized mouse bladders and kidneys in the murine model of UTI indistinguishably from the wild type. Both pta and ackA are involved in the maintenance of intracellular acetyl phosphate. CFT073 pta and ackA mutants were screened to investigate the role of acetyl phosphate in UTI pathogenesis. Both single mutants are at a competitive disadvantage relative to the wild type in the kidneys but normally colonize the bladder. CFT073 ackA pta was attenuated in both the bladder and the kidneys. Thus, we demonstrate that CFT073 is adapted to acetate metabolism as a result of requiring a proper cycling of the acetyl phosphate pathway for colonization of the upper urinary tract.
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Rasouly A, Shenhar Y, Ron EZ. Thermoregulation of Escherichia coli hchA transcript stability. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:5779-81. [PMID: 17526696 PMCID: PMC1951820 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00453-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The conserved chaperone Hsp31 of Escherichia coli is transcribed at low temperatures by sigma(S) and repressed by H-NS, whereas at high temperature, transcription is by sigma70 independently of both sigma(S) and H-NS. Here we present evidence for an additional, novel, temperature-dependent control of Hsp31 expression by increased transcript stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviram Rasouly
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, 69978
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