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Vázquez‐Arias A, Vázquez‐Iglesias L, Pérez‐Juste I, Pérez‐Juste J, Pastoriza‐Santos I, Bodelon G. Bacterial surface display of human lectins in Escherichia coli. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14409. [PMID: 38380565 PMCID: PMC10884992 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Lectin-glycan interactions sustain fundamental biological processes involved in development and disease. Owing to their unique sugar-binding properties, lectins have great potential in glycobiology and biomedicine. However, their relatively low affinities and broad specificities pose a significant challenge when used as analytical reagents. New approaches for expression and engineering of lectins are in demand to overcome current limitations. Herein, we report the application of bacterial display for the expression of human galectin-3 and mannose-binding lectin in Escherichia coli. The analysis of the cell surface expression and binding activity of the surface-displayed lectins, including point and deletion mutants, in combination with molecular dynamics simulation, demonstrate the robustness and suitability of this approach. Furthermore, the display of functional mannose-binding lectin in the bacterial surface proved the feasibility of this method for disulfide bond-containing lectins. This work establishes for the first time bacterial display as an efficient means for the expression and engineering of human lectins, thereby increasing the available toolbox for glycobiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Vázquez‐Arias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | - Lorena Vázquez‐Iglesias
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
| | | | - Jorge Pérez‐Juste
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza‐Santos
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Química FísicaUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Gustavo Bodelon
- CINBIOUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS‐UVIGOVigoSpain
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y Ciencias de la SaludUniversidade de VigoVigoSpain
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2
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Ishak MI, Jenkins J, Kulkarni S, Keller TF, Briscoe WH, Nobbs AH, Su B. Insights into complex nanopillar-bacteria interactions: Roles of nanotopography and bacterial surface proteins. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:91-103. [PMID: 34265695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanopillared surfaces have emerged as a promising strategy to combat bacterial infections on medical devices. However, the mechanisms that underpin nanopillar-induced rupture of the bacterial cell membrane remain speculative. In this study, we have tested three medically relevant poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanopillared-surfaces with well-defined nanotopographies against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and contact mechanics analysis were utilised to understand the nanobiophysical response of the bacterial cell envelope to a single nanopillar. Given their importance to bacterial adhesion, the contribution of bacterial surface proteins to nanotopography-mediated cell envelope damage was also investigated. We found that, whilst cell envelope deformation was affected by the nanopillar tip diameter, the nanopillar density affected bacterial metabolic activities. Moreover, three different types of bacterial cell envelope deformation were observed upon contact of bacteria with the nanopillared surfaces. These were attributed to bacterial responses to cell wall stresses resulting from the high intrinsic pressure caused by the engagement of nanopillars by bacterial surface proteins. Such influences of bacterial surface proteins on the antibacterial action of nanopillars have not been previously reported. Our findings will be valuable to the improved design and fabrication of effective antibacterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd I Ishak
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK; School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK; Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
| | - J Jenkins
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - S Kulkarni
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - T F Keller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany; Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wuge H Briscoe
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
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3
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Karan S, Garg LC, Choudhury D, Dixit A. Recombinant FimH, a fimbrial tip adhesin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, elicits mixed T helper cell response and confers protection against Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge in murine model. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:373-387. [PMID: 34020083 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus causes vibriosis in wide range of marine organisms, and is responsible for food borne illnesses in humans through consumption of contaminated uncooked/partially cooked seafood. Continued and widespread antibiotics usage to increase the productivity has led to antibiotics resistance development. This has necessitated the need to develop alternative methods to control its infection. Use of safe and effective vaccines against the virulence factors not only protects from infection, it also minimizes antibiotic usage. The colonization of V. parahaemolyticus in the host and disease development requires several adhesins present on the cell surface, and thereby make them attractive vaccine candidates. V. parahaemolyticus produces extracellular type 1 fimbriae that have been shown to play a role in adhesion, biofilm formation and virulence. FimH is one of the minor components of the type 1 fimbriae occurring on its very tip. Being present on the cell surface, it is highly immunogenic, and can be targeted as a potential vaccine candidate. The present study describes the immunogenic and vaccine potential of recombinant V. parahaemolyticus FimH (rVpFimH) expressed in E. coli. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the rVpFimH elicited a strong mixed immune response, T-cell memory (evidenced by antibody isotyping, cytokine profiling and T-cell proliferation assay), and agglutination positive antibodies. FACS analysis and immunogold labeling showed that the polyclonal anti-rVpFimH antibodies were able to recognize the FimH on V. parahaemolyticus cells. In vivo challenge of the rVpFimH-immunized mice with 2×LD50 dose of live bacteria showed one hundred percent survival. Thus, our findings clearly demonstrate the potential of FimH as an effective vaccine candidate against V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Karan
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Lalit C Garg
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Devapriya Choudhury
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Aparna Dixit
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Jiang W, Ubhayasekera W, Breed MC, Norsworthy AN, Serr N, Mobley HLT, Pearson MM, Knight SD. MrpH, a new class of metal-binding adhesin, requires zinc to mediate biofilm formation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008707. [PMID: 32780778 PMCID: PMC7444556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis, a Gram-negative uropathogen, is a major causative agent in catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI). Mannose-resistant Proteus-like fimbriae (MR/P) are crucially important for P. mirabilis infectivity and are required for biofilm formation and auto-aggregation, as well as for bladder and kidney colonization. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of the MR/P tip adhesin, MrpH, is reported. The structure has a fold not previously described and contains a transition metal center with Zn2+ coordinated by three conserved histidine residues and a ligand. Using biofilm assays, chelation, metal complementation, and site-directed mutagenesis of the three histidines, we show that an intact metal binding site occupied by zinc is essential for MR/P fimbria-mediated biofilm formation, and furthermore, that P. mirabilis biofilm formation is reversible in a zinc-dependent manner. Zinc is also required for MR/P-dependent agglutination of erythrocytes, and mutation of the metal binding site renders P. mirabilis unfit in a mouse model of UTI. The studies presented here provide important clues as to the mechanism of MR/P-mediated biofilm formation and serve as a starting point for identifying the physiological MR/P fimbrial receptor. Many bacteria use fimbriae to adhere to surfaces, and this function is often essential for pathogens to gain a foothold in the host. In this study, we examine the major virulence-associated fimbrial protein, MrpH, of the bacterial urinary tract pathogen Proteus mirabilis. This species is particularly known for causing catheter-associated urinary tract infections, in which it forms damaging urinary stones and crystalline biofilms that can block the flow of urine through indwelling catheters. MrpH resides at the tip of mannose-resistant Proteus-like (MR/P) fimbriae and is required for MR/P-dependent adherence to surfaces. Although MR/P belongs to a well-known class of adhesive fimbriae encoded by the chaperone-usher pathway, we found that MrpH has a dramatically different structure compared with other tip-located adhesins in this family. Unexpectedly, MrpH was found to bind a zinc cation, which we show is essential for MR/P-mediated biofilm formation and adherence to red blood cells. Furthermore, MR/P-mediated adherence can be modified by controlling zinc levels. These findings have the potential to aid development of better anti-biofilm urinary catheters or other methods to prevent P. mirabilis infection of the urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangshu Jiang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wimal Ubhayasekera
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael C. Breed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Allison N. Norsworthy
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Nina Serr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Harry L. T. Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Melanie M. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MMP); (SDK)
| | - Stefan D. Knight
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MMP); (SDK)
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Carniello V, Peterson BW, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Physico-chemistry from initial bacterial adhesion to surface-programmed biofilm growth. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 261:1-14. [PMID: 30376953 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is initiated by adhesion of individual bacteria to a surface. However, surface adhesion alone is not sufficient to form the complex community architecture of a biofilm. Surface-sensing creates bacterial awareness of their adhering state on the surface and is essential to initiate the phenotypic and genotypic changes that characterize the transition from initial bacterial adhesion to a biofilm. Physico-chemistry has been frequently applied to explain initial bacterial adhesion phenomena, including bacterial mass transport, role of substratum surface properties in initial adhesion and the transition from reversible to irreversible adhesion. However, also emergent biofilm properties, such as production of extracellular-polymeric-substances (EPS), can be surface-programmed. This review presents a four-step, comprehensive description of the role of physico-chemistry from initial bacterial adhesion to surface-programmed biofilm growth: (1) bacterial mass transport towards a surface, (2) reversible bacterial adhesion and (3) transition to irreversible adhesion and (4) cell wall deformation and associated emergent properties. Bacterial transport mostly occurs from sedimentation or convective-diffusion, while initial bacterial adhesion can be described by surface thermodynamic and Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO)-analyses, considering bacteria as smooth, inert colloidal particles. DLVO-analyses however, require precise indication of the bacterial cell surface, which is impossible due to the presence of bacterial surface tethers, creating a multi-scale roughness that impedes proper definition of the interaction distance in DLVO-analyses. Application of surface thermodynamics is also difficult, because initial bacterial adhesion is only an equilibrium phenomenon for a short period of time, when bacteria are attached to a substratum surface through few surface tethers. Physico-chemical bond-strengthening occurs in several minutes leading to irreversible adhesion due to progressive removal of interfacial water, conformational changes in cell surface proteins, re-orientation of bacteria on a surface and the progressive involvement of more tethers in adhesion. After initial bond-strengthening, adhesion forces arising from a substratum surface cause nanoscopic deformation of the bacterial cell wall against the elasticity of the rigid peptidoglycan layer positioned in the cell wall and the intracellular pressure of the cytoplasm. Cell wall deformation not only increases the contact area with a substratum surface, presenting another physico-chemical bond-strengthening mechanism, but is also accompanied by membrane surface tension changes. Membrane-located sensor molecules subsequently react to control emergent phenotypic and genotypic properties in biofilms, most notably adhesion-associated ones like EPS production. Moreover, also bacterial efflux pump systems may be activated or mechano-sensitive channels may be opened upon adhesion-induced cell wall deformation. The physico-chemical properties of the substratum surface thus control the response of initially adhering bacteria and through excretion of autoinducer molecules extend the awareness of their adhering state to other biofilm inhabitants who subsequently respond with similar emergent properties. Herewith, physico-chemistry is not only involved in initial bacterial adhesion to surfaces but also in what we here propose to call "surface-programmed" biofilm growth. This conclusion is pivotal for the development of new strategies to control biofilm formation on substratum surfaces, that have hitherto been largely confined to the initial bacterial adhesion phenomena.
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6
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Zuberi A, Ahmad N, Khan AU. CRISPRi Induced Suppression of Fimbriae Gene ( fimH) of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli: An Approach to Inhibit Microbial Biofilms. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1552. [PMID: 29181009 PMCID: PMC5694031 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one the common infections caused by the recalcitrant nature of biofilms, developed after the pathogen has adhered to the inner lining of the urinary tract. Although significant research has been made in recent years to control these types of infection, but as of yet, no approach has sufficiently been able to reduce the prevalence of UTIs. The main objective of this study was to prevent UTIs through targeting the fimH gene, which is the major virulent factor responsible for biofilm formation. The novelty of this work lies in the use of CRISPRi, a gene specific editing tool to control such types of infections. Accordingly, the system was designed to target fimH gene, responsible for bacterial adherence and this approach was successfully validated by performing microscopic, biofilm and adherence assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azna Zuberi
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Nayeem Ahmad
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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7
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The adaptation of Escherichia coli cells grown in simulated microgravity for an extended period is both phenotypic and genomic. NPJ Microgravity 2017. [PMID: 28649637 PMCID: PMC5460176 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-017-0020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms impact spaceflight in a variety of ways. They play a positive role in biological systems, such as waste water treatment but can be problematic through buildups of biofilms that can affect advanced life support. Of special concern is the possibility that during extended missions, the microgravity environment will provide positive selection for undesirable genomic changes. Such changes could affect microbial antibiotic sensitivity and possibly pathogenicity. To evaluate this possibility, Escherichia coli (lac plus) cells were grown for over 1000 generations on Luria Broth medium under low-shear modeled microgravity conditions in a high aspect rotating vessel. This is the first study of its kind to grow bacteria for multiple generations over an extended period under low-shear modeled microgravity. Comparisons were made to a non-adaptive control strain using growth competitions. After 1000 generations, the final low-shear modeled microgravity-adapted strain readily outcompeted the unadapted lac minus strain. A portion of this advantage was maintained when the low-shear modeled microgravity strain was first grown in a shake flask environment for 10, 20, or 30 generations of growth. Genomic sequencing of the 1000 generation strain revealed 16 mutations. Of the five changes affecting codons, none were neutral. It is not clear how significant these mutations are as individual changes or as a group. It is concluded that part of the long-term adaptation to low-shear modeled microgravity is likely genomic. The strain was monitored for acquisition of antibiotic resistance by VITEK analysis throughout the adaptation period. Despite the evidence of genomic adaptation, resistance to a variety of antibiotics was never observed.
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Feenstra T, Thøgersen MS, Wieser E, Peschel A, Ball MJ, Brandes R, Satchell SC, Stockner T, Aarestrup FM, Rees AJ, Kain R. Adhesion of Escherichia coli under flow conditions reveals potential novel effects of FimH mutations. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 36:467-478. [PMID: 27816993 PMCID: PMC5309269 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
FimH-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to bladder epithelium is a prerequisite for urinary tract infections. FimH is also essential for blood-borne bacterial dissemination, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different FimH mutations on bacterial adhesion using a novel adhesion assay, which models the physiological flow conditions bacteria are exposed to. We introduced 12 different point mutations in the mannose binding pocket of FimH in an E. coli strain expressing type 1 fimbriae only (MSC95-FimH). We compared the bacterial adhesion of each mutant across several commonly used adhesion assays, including agglutination of yeast, adhesion to mono- and tri-mannosylated substrates, and static adhesion to bladder epithelial and endothelial cells. We performed a comparison of these assays to a novel method that we developed to study bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells under flow conditions. We showed that E. coli MSC95-FimH adheres more efficiently to microvascular endothelium than to bladder epithelium, and that only endothelium supports adhesion at physiological shear stress. The results confirmed that mannose binding pocket mutations abrogated adhesion. We demonstrated that FimH residues E50 and T53 are crucial for adhesion under flow conditions. The coating of endothelial cells on biochips and modelling of physiological flow conditions enabled us to identify FimH residues crucial for adhesion. These results provide novel insights into screening methods to determine the effect of FimH mutants and potentially FimH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Feenstra
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - M S Thøgersen
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Bacterial Ecophysiology and Biotechnology Group, Technical University of Denmark, Matematiktorvet 301, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - E Wieser
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Peschel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - M J Ball
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Nephrology, Ipswich Hospital, Heath Road, Ipswich, IP4 5PD, UK
| | - R Brandes
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - S C Satchell
- Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - T Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13A, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - F M Aarestrup
- National Food Institute, Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A J Rees
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Kain
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
A combination of computer simulations, evolutionary analysis and graph theory has provided new insights into the assembly of pili on the surface of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Remaut
- Han Remaut is in the VIB Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, Belgium and is in the Structural Biology Brussels Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nir Ben-Tal
- Nir Ben-Tal is in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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10
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Gouin SG, Roos G, Bouckaert J. Discovery and Application of FimH Antagonists. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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11
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Salema V, Marín E, Martínez-Arteaga R, Ruano-Gallego D, Fraile S, Margolles Y, Teira X, Gutierrez C, Bodelón G, Fernández LÁ. Selection of single domain antibodies from immune libraries displayed on the surface of E. coli cells with two β-domains of opposite topologies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75126. [PMID: 24086454 PMCID: PMC3781032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Screening of antibody (Ab) libraries by direct display on the surface of E. coli cells is hampered by the presence of the outer membrane (OM). In this work we demonstrate that the native β-domains of EhaA autotransporter and intimin, two proteins from enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 (EHEC) with opposite topologies in the OM, are effective systems for the display of immune libraries of single domain Abs (sdAbs) from camelids (nanobodies or VHH) on the surface of E. coli K-12 cells and for the selection of high affinity sdAbs using magnetic cell sorting (MACS). We analyzed the capacity of EhaA and intimin β-domains to display individual sdAbs and sdAb libraries obtained after immunization with the extracellular domain of the translocated intimin receptor from EHEC (TirMEHEC). We demonstrated that both systems displayed functional sdAbs on the surface of E. coli cells with little proteolysis and cellular toxicity, although E. coli cells displaying sdAbs with the β-domain of intimin showed higher antigen-binding capacity. Both E. coli display libraries were screened for TirMEHEC binding clones by MACS. High affinity binders were selected by both display systems, although more efficiently with the intimin β-domain. The specificity of the selected clones against TirMEHEC was demonstrated by flow cytometry of E. coli cells, along with ELISA and surface plasmon resonance with purified sdAbs. Finally, we employed the E. coli cell display systems to provide an estimation of the affinity of the selected sdAb by flow cytometry analysis under equilibrium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencio Salema
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Marín
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Martínez-Arteaga
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Ruano-Gallego
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Fraile
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yago Margolles
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xema Teira
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gutierrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (UPGC), Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Gustavo Bodelón
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ángel Fernández
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus UAM Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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12
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Bodelón G, Palomino C, Fernández LÁ. Immunoglobulin domains inEscherichia coliand other enterobacteria: from pathogenesis to applications in antibody technologies. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:204-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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The fimbrial usher FimD follows the SurA-BamB pathway for its assembly in the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:5222-30. [PMID: 21784935 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05585-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fimbrial ushers are the largest β-barrel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) known to date, which function in the polymerization of fimbriae and their translocation to the bacterial surface. Folding and assembly of these complex OMPs are not characterized. Here, we investigate the role of periplasmic chaperones (SurA, Skp, DegP, and FkpA) and individual components of the β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex (BamA, BamB, BamC, and BamE) in the folding of the Escherichia coli FimD usher. The FimD level is dramatically reduced (∼30-fold) in a surA null mutant, but a strong cell envelope stress is constitutively activated with upregulation of DegP (∼10-fold). To demonstrate a direct role of SurA, FimD folding was analyzed in a conditional surA mutant in which SurA expression was controlled. In this strain, FimD is depleted from bacteria in parallel to SurA without significant upregulation of DegP. Interestingly, the dependency on SurA is higher for FimD than for other OMPs. We also demonstrate that a functional BAM complex is needed for folding of FimD. In addition, FimD levels were strongly reduced (∼5-fold) in a mutant lacking the accessory lipoprotein BamB. The critical role of BamB for FimD folding was confirmed by complementation and BamB depletion experiments. Similar to SurA dependency, FimD showed a stronger dependency on BamB than OMPs. On the other hand, folding of FimD was only marginally affected in bamC and bamE mutants. Collectively, our results indicate that FimD usher follows the SurA-BamB pathway for its assembly. The preferential use of this pathway for the folding of OMPs with large β-barrels is discussed.
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Geibel S, Waksman G. Crystallography and Electron Microscopy of Chaperone/Usher Pilus Systems. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 715:159-74. [PMID: 21557063 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0940-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Geibel
- Institute of Structural Molecular Biology, Birkbeck and University College London, London, UK.
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Structural homology between the C-terminal domain of the PapC usher and its plug. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:1824-31. [PMID: 20118254 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01677-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
P pili are extracellular appendages responsible for the targeting of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to the kidney. They are assembled by the chaperone-usher (CU) pathway of pilus biogenesis involving two proteins, the periplasmic chaperone PapD and the outer membrane assembly platform, PapC. Many aspects of the structural biology of the Pap CU pathway have been elucidated, except for the C-terminal domain of the PapC usher, the structure of which is unknown. In this report, we identify a stable and folded fragment of the C-terminal region of the PapC usher and determine its structure using both X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These structures reveal a beta-sandwich fold very similar to that of the plug domain, a domain of PapC obstructing its translocation domain. This structural similarity suggests similar functions in usher-mediated pilus biogenesis, playing out at different stages of the process. This structure paves the way for further functional analysis targeting surfaces common to both the plug and the C-terminal domain of PapC.
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Two-step and one-step secretion mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria: contrasting the type IV secretion system and the chaperone-usher pathway of pilus biogenesis. Biochem J 2010; 425:475-88. [PMID: 20070257 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have evolved diverse secretion systems/machineries to translocate substrates across the cell envelope. These various machineries fulfil a wide variety of functions but are also essential for pathogenic bacteria to infect human or plant cells. Secretion systems, of which there are seven, utilize one of two secretion mechanisms: (i) the one-step mechanism, whereby substrates are translocated directly from the bacterial cytoplasm to the extracellular medium or into the eukaryotic target cell; (ii) the two-step mechanism, whereby substrates are first translocated across the bacterial inner membrane; once in the periplasm, substrates are targeted to one of the secretion systems that mediate transport across the outer membrane and released outside the bacterial cell. The present review provides an example for each of these two classes of secretion systems and contrasts the various solutions evolved to secrete substrates.
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Positive selection identifies an in vivo role for FimH during urinary tract infection in addition to mannose binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:22439-44. [PMID: 20018753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902179106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FimH, the type 1 pilus adhesin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), contains a receptor-binding domain with an acidic binding pocket specific for mannose. The fim operon, and thus type 1 pilus production, is under transcriptional control via phase variation of an invertible promoter element. FimH is critical during urinary tract infection for mediating colonization and invasion of the bladder epithelium and establishment of intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). In silico analysis of FimH gene sequences from 279 E. coli strains identified specific amino acids evolving under positive selection outside of its mannose-binding pocket. Mutating two of these residues (A27V/V163A) had no effect on phase variation, pilus assembly, or mannose binding in vitro. However, compared to wild-type, this double mutant strain exhibited a 10,000-fold reduction in mouse bladder colonization 24 h after inoculation and was unable to form IBCs even though it bound normally to mannosylated receptors in the urothelium. In contrast, the single A62S mutation altered phase variation, reducing the proportion of piliated cells, reduced mannose binding 8-fold, and decreased bladder colonization 30-fold in vivo compared to wild-type. A phase-locked ON A62S mutant restored virulence to wild-type levels even though in vitro mannose binding remained impaired. Thus, positive selection analysis of FimH has separated mannose binding from in vivo fitness, suggesting that IBC formation is critical for successful infection of the mammalian bladder, providing support for more general use of in silico positive selection analysis to define the molecular underpinnings of bacterial pathogenesis.
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Waksman G, Hultgren SJ. Structural biology of the chaperone-usher pathway of pilus biogenesis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2009; 7:765-74. [PMID: 19820722 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The chaperone-usher (CU) pathway of pilus biogenesis is the most widespread of the five pathways that assemble adhesive pili at the surface of Gram-negative bacteria. Recent progress in the study of the structural biology of the CU pathway has unravelled the molecular basis of chaperone function and elucidated the mechanisms of fibre assembly at the outer membrane, leading to a comprehensive description of each step in the biogenesis pathway. Other studies have provided the molecular basis of host recognition by CU pili. The knowledge that has been gathered about both the assembly of and host recognition by CU pili has been harnessed to design promising antibiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London, UK.
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