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Zhan P, Liu X, Zhang S, Zhu Q, Zhao H, Ren C, Zhang J, Lu L, Cai D, Qin P. Electroenzymatic Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol by an Electron Mediator and Enzyme Orderly Assembled Biocathode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12855-12863. [PMID: 36859767 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The electroenzymatic valorization of biomass derivatives into valuable biochemicals has a promising outlook. However, bottlenecks including poor electron transfer between the electrode surface and oxidoreductase, inefficient regeneration of cofactors, and high cost of enzymes and electron mediators hindered the realistic applications of the technique. Herein, to address the above technical barriers, a novel bio-electrocatalytic system that integrates the electrochemical NADH regeneration and enzymatic reaction was constructed, using an orderly assembled composite bioelectrode consisting of an outer immobilized enzyme layer and a sandwiched redox mediator rhodium complex layer. The as-prepared composite bioelectrode was further applied for the highly selective hydrogenation of furfural into furfural alcohol. Results indicated that the enzyme activity was significantly improved, while the furfural valorization was promoted by effective interfacial electron transition and co-factor regeneration on the composite bioelectrode. Considerable high furfural conversion (96.4%) can be achieved accompanied by a furfural alcohol selectivity of 90.0% at -1.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The novel composite bioelectrode also showed good stability and reusability. Up to 85.1% of the original furfural alcohol selectivity can be preserved after 10 times of recycling. This work presents a promising green alternative for the valorization of furfural, which also shows great potential extending to the valorization of other biomass compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangshi Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shiding Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongqing Zhao
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Cong Ren
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Paris Curie Engineer School, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Selective Furfuryl Alcohol Production from Furfural via Bio-Electrocatalysis. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic reduction of renewable furfural into furfuryl alcohol for various applications is in the ascendant. Nonetheless, the conventional chemo-catalysis hydrogenation of furfural always suffers from poor selectivity, harsh conditions, and expensive catalysts. Herein, to overcome the serious technical barriers of conventional furfuryl alcohol production, an alternative bio-electrocatalytic hydrogenation system was established under mild and neutral conditions, where the dissolved cofactor (NADH) and the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) participated in a tandem reaction driven by the electron from a novel Rh (III) complex fixed cathode. Under the optimized conditions, 81.5% of furfural alcohol selectivity can be realized at −0.43 V vs. RHE. This contribution presents a ‘green’ and promising route for the valorization of furfural and other biomass compounds.
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Guntupalli SR, Li Z, Chang L, Plapp BV, Subramanian R. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structures of Yeast Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Biochemistry 2021; 60:663-677. [PMID: 33620215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structures of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase determined by X-ray crystallography show that the subunits have two different conformational states in each of the two dimers that form the tetramer. Apoenzyme and holoenzyme complexes relevant to the catalytic mechanism were described, but the asymmetry led to questions about the cooperativity of the subunits in catalysis. This study used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to provide structures for the apoenzyme, two different binary complexes with NADH, and a ternary complex with NAD+ and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. All four subunits in each of these complexes are identical, as the tetramers have D2 symmetry, suggesting that there is no preexisting asymmetry and that the subunits can be independently active. The apoenzyme and one enzyme-NADH complex have "open" conformations and the inverted coordination of the catalytic zinc with Cys-43, His-66, Glu-67, and Cys-153, whereas another enzyme-NADH complex and the ternary complex have closed conformations with the classical coordination of the zinc with Cys-43, His-66, Cys-153, and a water or the oxygen of trifluoroethanol. The conformational change involves interactions of Arg-340 with the pyrophosphate group of the coenzyme and Glu-67. The cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography studies provide structures relevant for the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Rohit Guntupalli
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Manipal University, Manipal, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Leifu Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryce V Plapp
- Department of Biochemistry, Bowen Science Building, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Subramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Haghighi O, Moradi M. In Silico Study of the Structure and Ligand Interactions of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. PCC 6803 as a Key Enzyme for Biofuel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:1346-1367. [PMID: 32767175 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase is one of the most critical enzymes in the production of ethanol and butanol. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a model cyanobacterium organism that is able to produce alcohols through its autotrophic energy production system. In spite of the high potential for biofuel production by this bacteria, the structure of its alcohol dehydrogenase has not been subjected to in-depth studies. The current study was aimed to analyze the molecular model for alcohol dehydrogenase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and scrutinize the interactions of different chemicals, including substrates and coenzymes. Also, the phylogenetic tree was provided to investigate the relation between different sources. The results indicated that alcohol dehydrogenase of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 has a different sequence compared with other Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) of cyanobacterial family members. Verification of the homology model using Ramachandran plot by PROCHECK indicated that all of the residues are in favored or allowed regions of the plot. This enzyme has two Zn ions in its structure which is very similar to the other Zn-dependent ADHs. Docking studies suggest that this enzyme could have more active sites for different substrates. In addition, this enzyme has more affinity to NADH as a cofactor and sinapaldehyde as a substrate compared with the other cofactor and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Haghighi
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus coagulans MA-13, a Thermophilic Lactic Acid Producer from Lignocellulose. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/23/e00341-19. [PMID: 31171617 PMCID: PMC6554604 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00341-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans MA-13 is an efficient lactic acid producer which withstands high concentrations of the growth inhibitors formed during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstock. This draft genome sequence is expected to pave the way toward the understanding of mechanisms responsible for the robustness of MA-13 during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Bacillus coagulans MA-13 is an efficient lactic acid producer which withstands high concentrations of the growth inhibitors formed during the pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstock. This draft genome sequence is expected to pave the way toward the understanding of mechanisms responsible for the robustness of MA-13 during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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Akal AL, Karan R, Hohl A, Alam I, Vogler M, Grötzinger SW, Eppinger J, Rueping M. A polyextremophilic alcohol dehydrogenase from the Atlantis II Deep Red Sea brine pool. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 9:194-205. [PMID: 30761247 PMCID: PMC6356862 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes originating from hostile environments offer exceptional stability under industrial conditions and are therefore highly in demand. Using single-cell genome data, we identified the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene, adh/a1a, from the Atlantis II Deep Red Sea brine pool. ADH/A1a is highly active at elevated temperatures and high salt concentrations (optima at 70 °C and 4 m KCl) and withstands organic solvents. The polyextremophilic ADH/A1a exhibits a broad substrate scope including aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and is able to reduce cinnamyl-methyl-ketone and raspberry ketone in the reverse reaction, making it a possible candidate for the production of chiral compounds. Here, we report the affiliation of ADH/A1a to a rare enzyme family of microbial cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases and explain unique structural features for halo- and thermoadaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastassja L Akal
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich (TUM) Garching Germany
| | - Ram Karan
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrian Hohl
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich (TUM) Garching Germany
| | - Intikhab Alam
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Malvina Vogler
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia.,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at the Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich (TUM) Garching Germany
| | - Stefan W Grötzinger
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Munich (TUM) Garching Germany
| | - Jörg Eppinger
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia
| | - Magnus Rueping
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia.,Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen Aachen Germany
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Jun SY, Walker AM, Kim H, Ralph J, Vermerris W, Sattler SE, Kang C. The Enzyme Activity and Substrate Specificity of Two Major Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenases in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor), SbCAD2 and SbCAD4. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:2128-2145. [PMID: 28606901 PMCID: PMC5543964 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the final step in monolignol biosynthesis, reducing sinapaldehyde, coniferaldehyde, and p-coumaraldehyde to their corresponding alcohols in an NADPH-dependent manner. Because of its terminal location in monolignol biosynthesis, the variation in substrate specificity and activity of CAD can result in significant changes in overall composition and amount of lignin. Our in-depth characterization of two major CAD isoforms, SbCAD2 (Brown midrib 6 [bmr6]) and SbCAD4, in lignifying tissues of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a strategic plant for generating renewable chemicals and fuels, indicates their similarity in both structure and activity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CAD5 and Populus tremuloides sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase, respectively. This first crystal structure of a monocot CAD combined with enzyme kinetic data and a catalytic model supported by site-directed mutagenesis allows full comparison with dicot CADs and elucidates the potential signature sequence for their substrate specificity and activity. The L119W/G301F-SbCAD4 double mutant displayed its substrate preference in the order coniferaldehyde > p-coumaraldehyde > sinapaldehyde, with higher catalytic efficiency than that of both wild-type SbCAD4 and SbCAD2. As SbCAD4 is the only major CAD isoform in bmr6 mutants, replacing SbCAD4 with L119W/G301F-SbCAD4 in bmr6 plants could produce a phenotype that is more amenable to biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Alexander M Walker
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53726
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
- University of Florida, Genetics Institute, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Scott E Sattler
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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Evolution of a Biomass-Fermenting Bacterium To Resist Lignin Phenolics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00289-17. [PMID: 28363966 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00289-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing the resistance of plant-fermenting bacteria to lignocellulosic inhibitors is useful to understand microbial adaptation and to develop candidate strains for consolidated bioprocessing. Here, we study and improve inhibitor resistance in Clostridium phytofermentans (also called Lachnoclostridium phytofermentans), a model anaerobe that ferments lignocellulosic biomass. We survey the resistance of this bacterium to a panel of biomass inhibitors and then evolve strains that grow in increasing concentrations of the lignin phenolic, ferulic acid, by automated, long-term growth selection in an anaerobic GM3 automat. Ultimately, strains resist multiple inhibitors and grow robustly at the solubility limit of ferulate while retaining the ability to ferment cellulose. We analyze genome-wide transcription patterns during ferulate stress and genomic variants that arose along the ferulate growth selection, revealing how cells adapt to inhibitors through changes in gene dosage and regulation, membrane fatty acid structure, and the surface layer. Collectively, this study demonstrates an automated framework for in vivo directed evolution of anaerobes and gives insight into the genetic mechanisms by which bacteria survive exposure to chemical inhibitors.IMPORTANCE Fermentation of plant biomass is a key part of carbon cycling in diverse ecosystems. Further, industrial biomass fermentation may provide a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. Plants are primarily composed of lignocellulose, a matrix of polysaccharides and polyphenolic lignin. Thus, when microorganisms degrade lignocellulose to access sugars, they also release phenolic and acidic inhibitors. Here, we study how the plant-fermenting bacterium Clostridium phytofermentans resists plant inhibitors using the lignin phenolic, ferulic acid. We examine how the cell responds to abrupt ferulate stress by measuring changes in gene expression. We evolve increasingly resistant strains by automated, long-term cultivation at progressively higher ferulate concentrations and sequence their genomes to identify mutations associated with acquired ferulate resistance. Our study develops an inhibitor-resistant bacterium that ferments cellulose and provides insights into genomic evolution to resist chemical inhibitors.
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Dhoke GV, Davari MD, Schwaneberg U, Bocola M. QM/MM Calculations Revealing the Resting and Catalytic States in Zinc-Dependent Medium-Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/cs501524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurao V. Dhoke
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marco Bocola
- RWTH Aachen University, Chair of Biotechnology, Worringer Weg 3, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Amelia K, Khor CY, Shah FH, Bhore SJ. Nucleotide sequence of Phaseolus vulgaris L. alcohol dehydrogenase encoding cDNA and three-dimensional structure prediction of the deduced protein. Pharmacognosy Res 2015; 7:203-8. [PMID: 25829796 PMCID: PMC4357973 DOI: 10.4103/0974-8490.150532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely consumed as a source of proteins and natural products. However, its yield needs to be increased. In line with the agenda of Phaseomics (an international consortium), work of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generation from bean pods was initiated. Altogether, 5972 ESTs have been isolated. Alcohol dehydrogenase (AD) encoding gene cDNA was a noticeable transcript among the generated ESTs. This AD is an important enzyme; therefore, to understand more about it this study was undertaken. Objective: The objective of this study was to elucidate P. vulgaris L. AD (PvAD) gene cDNA sequence and to predict the three-dimensional (3D) structure of deduced protein. Materials and Methods: positive and negative strands of the PvAD cDNA clone were sequenced using M13 forward and M13 reverse primers to elucidate the nucleotide sequence. Deduced PvAD cDNA and protein sequence was analyzed for their basic features using online bioinformatics tools. Sequence comparison was carried out using bl2seq program, and tree-view program was used to construct a phylogenetic tree. The secondary structures and 3D structure of PvAD protein were predicted by using the PHYRE automatic fold recognition server. Results: The sequencing results analysis showed that PvAD cDNA is 1294 bp in length. It's open reading frame encodes for a protein that contains 371 amino acids. Deduced protein sequence analysis showed the presence of putative substrate binding, catalytic Zn binding, and NAD binding sites. Results indicate that the predicted 3D structure of PvAD protein is analogous to the experimentally determined crystal structure of s-nitrosoglutathione reductase from an Arabidopsis species. Conclusions: The 1294 bp long PvAD cDNA encodes for 371 amino acid long protein that contains conserved domains required for biological functions of AD. The predicted deduced PvAD protein's 3D structure reflects the analogy with the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana s-nitrosoglutathione reductase. Further study is required to validate the predicted structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassim Amelia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Melaka Institute of Biotechnology, Lot 7, Melaka International Trade Centre City, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia ; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong-Semeling Road, Semeling 08100, Kedah
| | - Chin Yin Khor
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong-Semeling Road, Semeling 08100, Kedah
| | - Farida Habib Shah
- Department of Research and Development, Novel Plants Sdn. Bhd., 27C Jln Petaling Utama 12, 7.5 Miles Old Klang Road, 46000 Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Subhash J Bhore
- Department of Molecular Biology, Melaka Institute of Biotechnology, Lot 7, Melaka International Trade Centre City, 75450 Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia ; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong-Semeling Road, Semeling 08100, Kedah
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Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase from Kangiella koreensis and its application to production of all-trans-retinol. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:849-56. [PMID: 25481533 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Kangiella koreensis was purified as a 40 kDa dimer with a specific activity of 21.3 nmol min(-1) mg(-1), a K m of 1.8 μM, and a k cat of 1.7 min(-1) for all-trans-retinal using NADH as cofactor. The enzyme showed activity for all-trans-retinol using NAD (+) as a cofactor. The reaction conditions for all-trans-retinol production were optimal at pH 6.5 and 60 °C, 2 g enzyme l(-1), and 2,200 mg all-trans-retinal l(-1) in the presence of 5% (v/v) methanol, 1% (w/v) hydroquinone, and 10 mM NADH. Under optimized conditions, the ADH produced 600 mg all-trans-retinol l(-1) after 3 h, with a conversion yield of 27.3% (w/w) and a productivity of 200 mg l(-1) h(-1). This is the first report of the characterization of a bacterial ADH for all-trans-retinal and the biotechnological production of all-trans-retinol using ADH.
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Wang S, Nie Y, Yan X, Ko TP, Huang CH, Chan HC, Guo RT, Xiao R. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of (R)-carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:800-2. [PMID: 24915097 PMCID: PMC4051541 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1400908x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The NADH-dependent (R)-carbonyl reductase from Candida parapsilosis (RCR) catalyzes the asymmetric reduction of 2-hydroxyacetophenone (HAP) to produce (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol [(R)-PED], which is used as a versatile building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. To gain insight into the catalytic mechanism, the structures of complexes of RCR with ligands, including the coenzyme, are important. Here, the recombinant RCR protein was expressed and purified in Escherichia coli and was crystallized in the presence of NAD+. The crystals, which belonged to the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁, with unit-cell parameters a=85.64, b=106.11, c=145.55 Å, were obtained by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method and diffracted to 2.15 Å resolution. Initial model building indicates that RCR forms a homotetramer, consistent with previous reports of medium-chain-type alcohol dehydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Ping Ko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiang Huang
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Chien Chan
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- Industrial Enzymes National Engineering Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Man H, Loderer C, Ansorge-Schumacher MB, Grogan G. Structure of NADH-Dependent Carbonyl Reductase (CPCR2) from Candida parapsilosis
Provides Insight into Mutations that Improve Catalytic Properties. ChemCatChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Wang S, Nie Y, Xu Y, Zhang R, Ko TP, Huang CH, Chan HC, Guo RT, Xiao R. Unconserved substrate-binding sites direct the stereoselectivity of medium-chain alcohol dehydrogenase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7770-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01752h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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