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Nishizaki H, Kagawa T, Sugama J, Kobayashi A, Moritoh Y, Watanabe M. Oral SSTR5 Antagonist SCO-240 for Growth Hormone Stimulation: A Phase I Single-Dose Study in Healthy Individuals. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 115:1326-1335. [PMID: 38549435 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Somatostatin inhibits endocrine and exocrine secretion in various tissues by acting on five somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTR1-5). The clinical effects of SSTR5 antagonism remain unknown. Herein, we evaluated the effects of SCO-240, an oral SSTR5 antagonist, in healthy individuals. This randomized, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I study included healthy Japanese and White individuals. The effects of ascending single oral doses of SCO-240 were evaluated in healthy individuals. The main outcome measures were safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (gallbladder contractions and levels of serum insulin and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)). The levels of pituitary hormones were evaluated in our exploratory analysis. The results indicated that SCO-240 was safe and well-tolerated at all tested doses. Oral SCO-240 was readily absorbed, with its systemic exposure increasing in a dose-dependent manner. The median time to maximum concentration and mean terminal half-life of SCO-240 were 3-4 and 10.2-12.6 hours, respectively, in the ascending dose section. No clinically meaningful changes in SCO-240 pharmacokinetic profiles were observed between fed and fasted or between Japanese and White individuals. No increase in gallbladder contractions or levels of insulin and GLP-1 were detected. SCO-240 induced robust growth hormone (GH) secretion without altering the levels of other pituitary hormones. In conclusion, the study is the first to demonstrate that SSTR5 antagonism stimulates GH secretion in humans. SCO-240 was safe and well-tolerated and exhibited once-daily oral dosing potential. The robust effects of SCO-240 on GH secretion suggest that it may be a treatment option for GH-related disorders.
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Han F, Zhao T, Zhang Y, Yun Y, Xu Y, Guo S, Zhong Y, Xie X, Shen J. Discovery and exploration of novel somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonists for the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:116017. [PMID: 38070432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of cholesterol gallstones treatment intensifies the need to discover of effective small molecule drugs. Clinical follow-up and studies have found that activation of somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) reduce gallbladder contraction and thus increase the risk of cholesterol gallstones, implying that antagonizing SSTR5 may promote gallbladder emptying and reduce the formation of gallstones. Herein, we discovered novel SSTR5 antagonists and firstly investigated its effects on cholesterol gallstone. From loperamide, a reported seed structure with micromole activity, we identified optimal compound 23 as an SSTR5 antagonist exhibiting single-digit nanomolar potency, low hERG inhibition and oral availability. Further in vivo evaluation revealed that 23 significantly promoted gallbladder emptying. Moreover, in a mouse cholesterol gallstone model, 23 (3 mg/kg) effectively reduced the cholesterol gallstones formation, showing better efficacy than the clinical first-line drug UDCA (60 mg/kg), providing a new insight into the development of anti-gallstone drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Yanglong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Yun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, China.
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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van Albada ME, Mohnike K, Dunne MJ, Banerjee I, Betz SF. Somatostatin receptors in congenital hyperinsulinism: Biology to bedside. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:921357. [PMID: 36237195 PMCID: PMC9552539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.921357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), although a rare disease, is an important cause of severe hypoglycemia in early infancy and childhood, causing preventable morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment is necessary to prevent hypoglycaemia mediated brain damage. At present, the medical treatment of CHI is limited to diazoxide as first line and synthetic somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) as second line options; therefore understanding somatostatin biology and treatment perspectives is important. Under healthy conditions, somatostatin secreted from pancreatic islet δ-cells reduces insulin release through somatostatin receptor induced cAMP-mediated downregulation and paracrine inhibition of β- cells. Several SRLs with extended duration of action are now commercially available and are being used off-label in CHI patients. Efficacy remains variable with the present generation of SRLs, with treatment effect often being compromised by loss of initial response and adverse effects such as bowel ischaemia and hepatobiliary dysfunction. In this review we have addressed the biology of the somatostatin system contexualised to CHI. We have discussed the clinical use, limitations, and complications of somatostatin agonists and new and emerging therapies for CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam E. van Albada
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mirjam E. van Albada,
| | - Klaus Mohnike
- Universitätskinderklinik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mark J. Dunne
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Indi Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Araz M, Baltacioglu MH, Saglam S, Ozguven MA, Kucuk NO. Gallbladder Uptake Mimicking Liver Metastasis on 177Lu-DOTATATE Posttherapy Scan Gallbladder Uptake on 177Lu-DOTATATE Scan. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e154-e155. [PMID: 33512839 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We represent the case of a 61-year-old man with atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung. On posttherapy 177Lu-DOTATATE whole-body scan, focal intense uptake in the inferomedial side of the liver was detected. Pretherapy 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT showed no sign of liver metastasis, and posttherapy diagnostic dynamic liver MRI is used to exclude metastatic liver disease. Focal intense uptake was attributed to physiological gallbladder uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Araz
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara
| | | | - Sezer Saglam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Demiroglu Bilim University, Istanbul
| | | | - Nuriye Ozlem Kucuk
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara
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Xu HL, Hsing AW, Koshiol J, Chu LW, Cheng JR, Gao J, Tan YT, Wang BS, Shen MC, Gao YT. Variants in motilin, somatostatin and their receptor genes and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones in Shanghai, China. Meta Gene 2014; 2:418-426. [PMID: 24999450 PMCID: PMC4080205 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered motility of the gallbladder can result in gallstone and cholecystitis, which are important risk factors for biliary tract cancer. Motilin (MLN) and somatostatin (SST) are known important modulators of gallbladder motility. To determine whether genetic variants in motilin, somatostatin, and their receptor genes are associated with the risk of biliary tract cancers and stones, nine tag-SNPs were determined in 439 biliary tract cancer cases (253 gallbladder, 133 extrahepatic bile duct and 53 ampulla of Vater cancer cases), 429 biliary stone cases, and 447 population controls in a population-based case–control study in Shanghai, China. We found that subjects with the MLNR rs9568169 AA genotype and SSTR5 rs169068 CC genotype were significantly associated with risk of extrahepatic bile duct cancer (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27–0.89; OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.13–5.13) compared to the major genotypes. MLN rs2281820 CT and rs3793079 AT genotypes had significantly increased risks of gallstones (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.06–2.18; OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.20–2.25) compared to TT genotypes. Besides, haplotype analysis showed that MLN T-T-T haplotype (rs2281820–rs3793079–rs2281819) had a non-significantly elevated risk of gallstone (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.91–1.86) compared with C-A-A haplotype. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association between genetic polymorphisms in MLN, MLNR and their receptor genes and risk of biliary tract cancers and stones. We conduct a population-based case–control study of biliary tract diseases in China. We examine nine TagSNPs in gallbladder motility genes in this study. MLNR rs9568169 and SSTR5 rs169068 are related to extrahepatic bile duct cancer risk. MLN rs2281820 and rs3793079 are associated with gallstone risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ann W Hsing
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA ; Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lisa W Chu
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA 94538, USA ; Stanford Cancer Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Rong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bing-Sheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China ; Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming-Chang Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China ; Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Guo RS, Shi PD, Zhou J, Chen YY. Somatostatin receptors 3, 4 and 5 play important roles in gallbladder cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4071-5. [PMID: 23991955 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression changes of somatostatin receptor subtypes (SSTRs) including SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4 and SSTR5 in the development of gallbladder cancer were assessed with attention to relationships with clinical pathological characteristics. SSTRs in 29 gallbladder cancer and 25 normal gallbladder tissue specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Differences between SSTRs expressions and clinical pathological parameters were analyzed by chi-square test. The five subtypes of SSTR were all expressed in gallbladder cancer tissues and SSTR3 presented the highest expression. SSTR5 expression was increased significantly in gallbladder cancer (P<0.05) compared with that in normal gallbladder tissue. SSTR3 expression in highly and moderately differentiated gallbladder cancer was significantly higher than that in poorly differentiated lesions (P<0.05). SSTR4 expression was lower in gallbladder cancer with lymph node metastasis than that in gallbladder cancer without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Therfore, these results indicated that SSRT5, SSTR3 and SSTR4 may play important roles in the formation and development of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Sheng Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Han GC, Ouyang Y, Long XY, Zhou Y, Li M, Liu YN, Kraatz HB. (Carboxymethyl-Dextran)-Modified Magnetic Nanoparticles Conjugated to Octreotide for MRI Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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