Comment on a comparative study of modified bielschowsky, bodian and thioflavin S stains on Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles

Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DACH1 gene microRNA binding site and susceptibility of patients with endometrial cancer

OBJECTIVE

To study the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the 3 primer untranslated region (UTR) variants of the cell fate determination factor Dachshund 1(DACH1) gene and the susceptibility of patients with endometrial cancer (EC).

METHODS

Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral venous blood of 235 EC patients and 235 healthy controls, and the DACH1 gene rs9285274, rs9529895, rs17088351, and rs59352399 loci were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Patients progression-free survival (PFS) was recorded after 3 years follow-up from October 2016 to October 2019.

RESULTS

Carriers of the C allele of the DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus had a significantly lower risk for EC than T allele carriers (odds ratio = 0.56, 95%confidence interval: 0.38-0.84, P < .01). The correlation between DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP and the risk for EC was affected by age, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and diabetes. Age, and rs9285274, rs9529895, and rs59352399 locus SNP were the best models for predicting the risk for EC. The accuracy rate was 57.02%, and the Cross-validation Consistency was 10/10 (x = 4.33, P = .04). The DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus C allele (TC+CC) carriers had significantly higher PFS than the TT genotype carriers (P = .04). The DACH1 gene was expressed in decreased amounts in the cancer tissues of EC patients, and the DACH1 mRNA expression level in the CC genotype, TC genotype, and TT genotype of rs9529895 locus was also decreased (P = .02).

CONCLUSION

DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP is significantly related to the risk for EC and PFS of EC patients. The possible mechanism behind this relationship is that the DACH1 gene rs9529895 locus SNP affects DACH1 expression level.

The amygdala in Down's syndrome and familial Alzheimer's disease: four clinicopathological case reports

Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles were quantified in 14 subnuclei of the amygdala in the brains of 3 patients with Down's syndrome (DS), aged 19, 56, and 64 years, and in 1 patient with familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), aged 54 years. The amygdala of the 19-year-old Down's case contained numerous senile plaques (SPs) but no neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The distribution of neuropathological change in the amygdala was similar among the Down's and the Alzheimer's cases. Medical and ventral regions contained more SPs and NFTs than did lateral regions, and the SPs in ventromedial subnuclei generally were the "mature" type with a prominent amyloid core. In general, the numbers of SPs and NFTs were parallel in a given subnucleus with the striking exceptions of the deep medial basal, deep cortical, and lateral central nuclei that contained far more SPs than NFTs, and the medial and lateral superficial cortical nuclei that contained numerous NFTs but few SPs. Several subnuclei strongly interconnected with hippocampus and entorhinal cortex were more heavily involved than subnuclei related to the nucleus basalis of Meynert. The patterns of SP and NFT deposition are consistent with amygdaloid abnormalities found by others in sporadic AD. These findings demonstrate the similarity in amygdaloid pathology among Down's syndrome, familial Alzheimer's disease, and sporadic AD. The presence of senile plaques in the amygdala of the 19-year-old patient with DS suggests that the amygdala is a focus of early pathological change in DS and possibly AD.