1
|
Vessoni AT, Herai RH, Karpiak JV, Leal AMS, Trujillo CA, Quinet A, Agnez Lima LF, Menck CFM, Muotri AR. Cockayne syndrome-derived neurons display reduced synapse density and altered neural network synchrony. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1271-80. [PMID: 26755826 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disorder in which 80% of cases are caused by mutations in the Excision Repair Cross-Complementation group 6 gene (ERCC6). The encoded ERCC6 protein is more commonly referred to as Cockayne Syndrome B protein (CSB). Classical symptoms of CS patients include failure to thrive and a severe neuropathology characterized by microcephaly, hypomyelination, calcification and neuronal loss. Modeling the neurological aspect of this disease has proven difficult since murine models fail to mirror classical neurological symptoms. Therefore, a robust human in vitro cellular model would advance our fundamental understanding of the disease and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we successfully derived functional CS neural networks from human CS induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) providing a new tool to facilitate studying this devastating disease. We identified dysregulation of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) pathway as well as pathways related to synapse formation, maintenance and neuronal differentiation in CSB neurons using unbiased RNA-seq gene expression analyses. Moreover, when compared to unaffected controls, CSB-deficient neural networks displayed altered electrophysiological activity, including decreased synchrony, and reduced synapse density. Collectively, our work reveals that CSB is required for normal neuronal function and we have established an alternative to previously available models to further study neural-specific aspects of CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre T Vessoni
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80215-901, Brazil and
| | - Jerome V Karpiak
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Angelica M S Leal
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Cleber A Trujillo
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Annabel Quinet
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucymara F Agnez Lima
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Center of Biosciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics/Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meissner A, Visanji NP, Momen MA, Feng R, Francis BM, Bolz SS, Hazrati LN. Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Underlies Loss of Cortical Dendritic Spine Density in a Mouse Model of Congestive Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:JAHA.115.001920. [PMID: 25948533 PMCID: PMC4599420 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder characterized by reduced cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance, ultimately leading to tissue perfusion deficits and devastating consequences for several organs including the brain. We previously described a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–dependent enhancement of posterior cerebral artery tone and concomitant reduced cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of early HF in which blood pressure remains minimally affected. HF is often associated with cognitive impairments such as memory deficits, even before any overt changes in brain structure and function occur. The pathophysiology underlying the development of cognitive impairments in HF is unknown, and appropriate treatment strategies are lacking. Methods and Results We used a well-established mouse model in which HF was induced by experimental myocardial infarction produced by permanent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (infarct size ≈25% of the left ventricular wall). Ligated mice developed enlarged hearts, congested lungs, and reduced cardiac output and blood pressure, with elevated peripheral resistance within 6 to 8 weeks after ligation. In this study, we demonstrated the significance of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α during HF-mediated neuroinflammation and associated impaired hippocampus-independent nonspatial episodic memory function. Augmented cerebral TNF-α expression and microglial activation in HF mice, indicative of brain inflammation, were accompanied by morphological changes and significant reduction of cortical dendritic spines (61.39±8.61% for basal and 61.04±9.18% for apical spines [P<0.001]). The significance of TNF-α signaling during the observed HF-mediated neurodegenerative processes is supported by evidence showing that sequestration or genetic deletion of TNF-α ameliorates the observed reduction of cortical dendritic spines (33.51±7.63% for basal and 30.13±6.98% for apical spines in wild-type mice treated with etanercept; 17.09±6.81% for basal and 17.21±7.29% for apical spines in TNF-α−/−). Moreover, our data suggest that alterations in cerebral serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SgK1) expression and phosphorylation during HF may be TNF-α dependent and that an increase of SgK1 phosphorylation potentially plays a role in the HF-associated reduction of dendritic spine density. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that TNF-α plays a pivotal role in HF-mediated neuroinflammation and associated alterations of cortical dendritic spine density and has the potential to reveal novel treatment strategies for HF-associated memory deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Meissner
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M., S.S.B.) Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (A.M.)
| | - Naomi P Visanji
- Morten and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (N.P.V.)
| | - M Abdul Momen
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M.)
| | - Rui Feng
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
| | - Beverly M Francis
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.M., S.S.B.) Heart and Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.S.B.) Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine, University of Toronto, and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (S.S.B.)
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Tanz Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.F., B.M.F., L.N.H.)
| |
Collapse
|